financial disclosure: authors do not have financial or commercial interest in mentioned equipments...
TRANSCRIPT
Financial Disclosure: Financial Disclosure: Authors do not have financial or commercial interest in mentioned equipmentsAuthors do not have financial or commercial interest in mentioned equipments
Dr Arce is Consultant & Territory Manager for Latin America, Vista Optics Limited, Widnes, UK; Dr Arce is Consultant & Territory Manager for Latin America, Vista Optics Limited, Widnes, UK; R&D Consultant, Ziemer Group AG, Port, Switzerland; Speaker, Bausch & Lomb do Brasil, R&D Consultant, Ziemer Group AG, Port, Switzerland; Speaker, Bausch & Lomb do Brasil,
and Diretor Geral, R.E.I. Comércio Ltda., Campinas, SP (and Diretor Geral, R.E.I. Comércio Ltda., Campinas, SP ([email protected])
Carlos G. Arce MD, Paulo Schor MD, Mauro Campos MDCarlos G. Arce MD, Paulo Schor MD, Mauro Campos MD
Ocular Bioengineering and Refractive Surgery Sectors, Institute of VisionOcular Bioengineering and Refractive Surgery Sectors, Institute of VisionDepartment of Ophthalmology, Paulista School of MedicineDepartment of Ophthalmology, Paulista School of Medicine
Federal University of São Paulo, BrazilFederal University of São Paulo, Brazil
Traffic Light Color Distribution for Custom Color Scales: Traffic Light Color Distribution for Custom Color Scales: Application to Elevation, Curvature, Power, and Thickness MapsApplication to Elevation, Curvature, Power, and Thickness Maps
• INTRODUCTION• Most topographic color scales use a normal fixed value in one of their green steps• Orbscan II and IIZ use as default the 42 D for curvature and the 600 μm for pachymetry• Galilei uses as default 43 D and 550 μm, respectively• In these cases when steps are small (≤ 0.5 D or ≤10 μm) extreme colors are achieved fast • When steps are big (≥ 1.5 D or ≥25 μm) typical patterns may be diluted or missed• Therefore, colors do not have specific or constant meaning in default scales
• METHOD AND PARAMETERS• Color scales were modified by using a border line value as a fixed step in the yellow range
• ORBSCAN II and IIZ (Bausch and Lomb, Rochester, NY): • Anterior Elevation : 30 μm in the 4th yellow with a 7 μm step• Posterior Elevation : 50 μm in the 4th yellow with a 13 μm step• Axial Keratometric Curvature: 47 D in the 2nd yellow with a 1 D step• Pachymetry: 500 μm in the 2nd yellow with a 15 μm step
• GALILEI (Ziemer Ophthalmics, Port, Switzerland):• Anterior Elevation : 15 μm in the 2nd yellow with a 5 μm step• Posterior Elevation : 15 μm in the 2nd yellow with a 5 μm step• Sagital Anterior Curvature: 47 D in the 2nd yellow (1st orange) with a 1 D step• Pachymetry: 500 μm in the 2nd yellow (1st orange) with a 15 μm step
Traffic Light Color Distribution for Custom Color ScalesTraffic Light Color Distribution for Custom Color Scales
Traffic Light Color Distribution for Custom Color ScalesTraffic Light Color Distribution for Custom Color Scales
Orbscan Default Scale (35 colors)Anterior and Posterior Elevation: 5 μm steps
Axial Curvature: 0.5 D stepsPachymetry: 10 μm steps
Orbscan Default ScalesAnterior and Posterior Elevation: 10 μm steps
Axial Curvature: 1.5 D stepsPachymetry: 20 μm steps
Colors and patterns change according to size of steps in default scales
Traffic Light Color Distribution for Custom Color ScalesTraffic Light Color Distribution for Custom Color Scales
Orbscan Custom Scale (35 colors)Anterior Elevation: 7 μm steps
Posterior Elevation: 13 μm stepsAxial Curvature: 1.0 D stepsPachymetry: 15 μm steps
Orbscan Custom Scale (70 colors)Anterior Elevation: 4 μm stepsPosterior Elevation: 6 μm stepsAxial Curvature: 0.50 D steps
Pachymetry: 7 μm steps
Patterns and colors become independent of size of steps in these custome scales
Examples with Orbscan IIExamples with Orbscan II
Flat and tThick Cornea
Flat Cornea and Normal Thickness
VioletViolet BlueBlue Green Green Yellow Yellow OrangeOrange RedRed
Normal Curvature and Thickness
““Go for it...!”Go for it...!”Green lightGreen light
Border line Curvature and Thickness
“Caution…!” Yellow light
Asymmetric Border Line Curvature and Normal Thickness
Very Asymmetric Steep Curvatureand Normal Thickness
Very Asymmetric Steep Curvature and Thin Pachymetry
““Stop…..!” Red lightStop…..!” Red light
““Why?...”Why?...”Blue signBlue sign
““Caution…!” Yellow Caution…!” Yellow lightlight
““Stop…..!” Red lightStop…..!” Red light
Examples with GalileiExamples with Galilei
VioletViolet BlueBlue Green Green Yellow Yellow OrangeOrange RedRedSteep Curvature and Normal Thickness
• Default Galilei Scale for Anterior and Posterior
Sagital Curvatures and for Thickness
2nd Yellow:2nd Yellow:• 47 D in Curvature
• 500 μm in Pachymetry
Steep Asymmetric Curvature and Border Line Thickness
• ANSI Scale for Anterior and Posterior Elevation
Green at the middle:Green at the middle:• Zero value for Anterior and
Posterior Elevation
Steep Asymmetric Anteriorand Posterior Curvatures
CONCLUSIONS
• By the simple strategy of using a border line value as a fixed yellow step, each color of topographic scales begin to have the same meaning despite the step size or the type of map
• Identification of color patterns is easy and simplifies the interpretation of maps
• Similar approach may be used with both the Orbscan II, IIZ and the Galilei
• Everything above 47 D or below 500 μm (STEEP, THIN, or HIGHSTEEP, THIN, or HIGH) will be orange or REDRED meaning STOP!STOP!• Everything close to these selected border line value ((LIMIT OF NORMALITYLIMIT OF NORMALITY) ) will be YELLOWYELLOW meaning CAUTION!CAUTION!• Everything within the NORMALNORMAL values will be GREENGREEN suggesting GO FOR IT!GO FOR IT!• BLUEBLUE will indicate the opposite (FLAT, THICK, or DEEPFLAT, THICK, or DEEP) of the pathologic sign
Traffic Light Color Distribution for Custom Color ScalesTraffic Light Color Distribution for Custom Color Scales