Finding&Comparable&&Temporal&Categorical&Records:&A"Similarity"Measure"with"an"Interac4ve"Visualiza4on"Krist&Wongsuphasawat&Ben&Shneiderman&Dept."of"Computer"Science"&"Human@Computer"Interac4on"Lab"University"of"Maryland"

Temporal&categorical&data&! A"type"of"4me"series"! Comparison"

Numerical e.g. stock indices 10/8/2007 !540.35!10/9/2007 !555.32!...

Categorical e.g. patient histories 10/8/2007 !Respiratory!10/9/2007 !Mental Disorder!...

Temporal&categorical&data&(2)&! Examples"

" Electronic"Health"Records"" Traffic"incident"logs"" Student"records"

Finding&similar&records&! E.g."Find"pa4ents"with"similar"symptoms""to"guide"the"treatment."

Finding&similar&records&(2)&! How?"

" Users"specify"one"target"pa4ent"" Similarity"Measure"

# Gives"a"score"that"shows"how"much"two"records"are"similar.""

# Score"ranges"from"0"to"1."(Most"similar"="1)""

Finding&similar&records&(3)&

Patient #1 (target)

Patient #2

Patient #3

Patient #4

Patient #5

0.80

0.63

0.96

0.77

Finding&similar&records&(4)&

Patient #1 (target)

Patient #2 0.80

Patient #3 0.63

Patient #4 0.96

Patient #5 0.77 similar

Patient#4 A B C

Patient#3 A B C D

Patient#2 A C

Challenge&! What"is"“similar”?" depends"on"users/tasks"

Patient#1 (target) A C

time

B

Time difference

extra

missing B

Related&work&!  Similarity"measure"

"  Similarity"measure"for"numerical"4me"series"#  [Ding"et"al."2008],"[Saeed"and"Mark"2006],"..."

" Edit"distance"#  [Levenshtein"1966],"[Winkler"1999],"..."

" Biological"sequence"searching"#  [Pearson"and"Lipman"1988],"[Altschul"et"al."1990],"...""

!  Visualiza4on"" Temporal"visualiza4on"

#  [Wang"et"al."2008],"[Plaisant"et"al."1998],"..."" Rank@by@feature"framework"

#  [Seo"and"Shneiderman"2005]"

Alignment&! Sen4nel"events"

Time

Patient #45851737 Admit Emergency

ICU Floor

Exit

Patient #43244997 Admit Emergency

ICU Floor

Exit

June July August

Alignment&(2)&! Time"shicing"

Time

Patient #45851737 Admit Emergency

ICU Floor

Exit

Patient #43244997 Admit Emergency

ICU Floor

Exit

0 1 M 2 M

In&this&paper,&we&propose&! M&M"(Match"&"Mismatch)"measure"

" A"similarity"measure"

! Similan"" An"interac4ve"visualiza4on"

M&M&Measure&

Patient#1 (target) A C

Patient#2 A B C

B

B

C

Missing Event Extra Event Matched Events

} Total Score 0 to 1

Match Score = F(time difference) Mismatch Score = F(Number of Mismatches)

time

Similan&! Layout"

Main Panel

Plot Panel

Comparison Panel Control Panel

Ranking Score

ScaHerplot&

Number of Mismatches

Match Score

+ + +

1 0

0

Usability&study&! 8"par4cipants"! Goals"

" Examine"learnability"of""Similan"" Assess"the"benefits"of"a"scaeerplot"" Observe"users’"strategy"

! Tasks"" Find"5"persons"that"are"most"similar"to"the"target"

Results&! Easy"to"use,"but"some"interface"issues"! Scaeerplot"

" Different"opinions"" Give"overview"" Explain"how"records"are"dissimilar"

! Strategy"" Select"target"" Rank"by"total"score"" See"comparison"

Ongoing&work&! More"customizable"similarity"measure"! Flexible"query,"Query@by@Example"!  Improve"user"interface"

http://www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/similan

Note: recent work / not in the paper

Similan&! Demo"! Data""

" from"Washington"Hospital"Center""  ICU"(Intensive"Care"Unit)"pa4ent"transfers"" deiden4fied"

Conclusion&! Problem"

" Finding"similar"temporal"categorical"records"" What"is"similar?"

! Contribu4ons"" M&M"measure"" Similan"

! Ongoing"work"" More"customizable"similarity"measure"" Flexible"query,"Query@by@Example"

More...&! Contact"

" kristw@cs.umd.edu"" hep://www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/similan"

!  InfoVis"“Space"and"Time”"session"" Thursday"2:00@3:40pm"

&Temporal&Summaries:&SupporMng&Temporal&Categorical&Searching,&AggregaMon&and&Comparison&"Taowei"David"Wang,"Catherine"Plaisant,"Ben"Shneiderman,"Neil"Spring,"David"Roseman,"Greg"Marchand,"Vikramjit"Mukherjee,"Mark"Smith""

Thank&you&