finding narratives at the nexus: telling stories about our work can help us do it better
TRANSCRIPT
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FINDING NARRATIVES
AT THE NEXUSTELLING STORIES ABOUT OUR WORK CAN HELP US DO IT BETTER
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PERSPECTIVES - #NCSECONF
TOM SEAGER ARIZONA STATE
@SEAGETTP
BETH KARLIN UNIVERSITY OF
SOUTH CALIFORNIA
LIZ NEELEY STORY COLLIDER
@LIZNEELEY
LARA FOWLER PENN STATE
@FOWLER_LARA
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WHY TELL STORIES?
Academics
MOTIVATION
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Fischoff (1994) Risk Analysis. Photo © Carnegie Mellon
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Fischoff (1994) Risk Analysis. Photo © Carnegie Mellon
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credibility competence + goodwill + trustworthiness
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Photo © Princeton University Fiske & Dupree (2014) PNAS
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L) Lacey et al. (2012) Metaphorically feeling: comprehending textural metaphors activates somatosensory cortex. Brain and Language;120(3):416-21
R) Citron & Goldberg (2014) Metaphorical sentences are more emotionally engaging than their literal counterparts. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience. 26, 2585-2595
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TEXT
1) Stephens et al. (2010) Speaker–listener neural coupling underlies successful communication. PNAS 107(32):14425-14430
2) Hasson et al. (2012) Brain-to-brain coupling: a mechanism for creating and sharing a social world. Trends in Cognitive Science. 16(2):114-121
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TEXT
1) Stephens et al. (2010) Speaker–listener neural coupling underlies successful communication. PNAS 107(32):14425-14430
2) Hasson et al. (2012) Brain-to-brain coupling: a mechanism for creating and sharing a social world. Trends in Cognitive Science. 16(2):114-121
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STORIES ARE:‣more interesting
‣more understandable
‣more believable
‣more persuasiveDahlstrom & Ho (2012). Ethical considerations of using narrative to communicate science. Science Communication, 592–617.
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David Moinina Sengeh - Photo by Adrienne Mathiowitz © 2015
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THE SET-UP CONFRONTATION RESOLUTION
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Science Communication34(5) 592 –617
© 2012 SAGE PublicationsReprints and permission:
sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.navDOI: 10.1177/1075547012454597
http://scx.sagepub.com
454597 SCX34510.1177/1075547012454597Science CommunicationDahlstrom and Ho© 2011 SAGE Publications
Reprints and permission: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav
1Iowa State University, Ames, USA2Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
Corresponding Author:Michael F. Dahlstrom, Greenlee School of Journalism and Communication, Iowa State University, 215 Hamilton Hall, Ames, IA 50010, USA Email: [email protected]
Ethical Considerations of Using Narrative to Communicate Science
Michael F. Dahlstrom1 and Shirley S. Ho2
AbstractThis article discusses three ethical considerations science communicators face when considering narrative as a communication technique for science policy contexts: (a) What is the underlying purpose of using narrative: com-prehension or persuasion? (b) What are the appropriate levels of accuracy to maintain? (c) Should narrative be used at all? These considerations intersect with perceptions of the appropriate roles of communication and of scien-tists within democracy. By providing a clearer articulation of these ethical considerations, the authors hope that narrative can become a more useful communication technique toward informed science policy decisions.
Keywordsscience, communication, narrative, policy, ethics
There is a growing sense that scientific information is not contributing what it should to controversial science policy. Social controversies surrounding topics such as climate change, evolution, and vaccinations are often claimed to exemplify either an ignorance of scientific data or its outright rejection (Baker, 2008; Forrest, 2001; Mooney, 2005; Zimmer, 2011). Science can
at UNIV WASHINGTON LIBRARIES on July 3, 2015scx.sagepub.comDownloaded from
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HOW TO USE STORIES EFFECTIVELY?
everyone
ADVICE & EXAMPLES
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TOM SEAGERARIZONA STATE
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BETH KARLIN
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
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Three Thoughts on Storytelling
1.There’s always a story.
2.Less is (usually) more.
3.Stories have structures.
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But first…
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But first…
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But first…
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Three Thoughts on Storytelling
1.There’s always a story.
2.Less is (usually) more.
3.Stories have structures.
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There’s always a story
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There’s always a story
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There’s always a story
Ariely (2008)
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16%
0%
84%
There’s always a story
Ariely (2008)
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16%
0%
84%
There’s always a story
Ariely (2008)
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16%
0%
84%
There’s always a story
68%
32%
0%
Ariely (2008)
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Three Thoughts on Storytelling
1.There’s always a story.
2.Less is (usually) more.
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You have 60 seconds…
Keep it simple
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You have 60 seconds…
Keep it simple
8 seconds…
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Three Thoughts on Storytelling
1.There’s always a story.
2.Less is (usually) more.
3.Stories have structures.
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MARSHALL GANZ // THE NEW ORGANIZING INSTITUTE
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Self Us Now
The Story of . . .
MARSHALL GANZ // THE NEW ORGANIZING INSTITUTE
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Self Us Now
The Story of . . .
MARSHALL GANZ // THE NEW ORGANIZING INSTITUTE
Get Personal Find Common Ground
Present a Call to Action
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Three Thoughts on Storytelling
1.There’s always a story.
2.Less is (usually) more.
3.Stories have structures.
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Three Thoughts on Storytelling
1.Control the narrative.
2.Keep it simple.
3.Structure your story.
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Maybe stories are just data with a
soul.
Brene Brown
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ThankYou!BethKarlin,Ph.D. [email protected]
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LARA FOWLERPENN STATE
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Conflict & Narrative: The Stories We Tell
• LaraB.Fowler– SeniorLecturer,PennStateLaw– ResearchFellow,PennStateInstitutesofEnergyandtheEnvironment
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Chehalis Basin Flood Hazard Mitigation Alternatives Report (2012): http://ruckelshauscenter.wsu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/chehalis-report-12-19-121.pdf
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Chehalis Basin Flood Hazard Mitigation Alternatives Report (2012): http://ruckelshauscenter.wsu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/chehalis-report-12-19-121.pdf
Chehalis Flood, 2007 Chehalis Chronicle
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Chehalis River Flooding- Dec. 2007
Bruce Ely, The Oregonian
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Carpenter&Kennedy,UnderstandingPublicDisputes,pg.12
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http://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/03/us/03flood.html?_r=0
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Catastrophic impacts across the food, energy, water nexus… what to do?
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A view from my world
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A view from my world
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Substance:Whataretheissues?
A view from my world
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Substance:Whataretheissues?
People/Relationship:Whoisinvolved?
Whatisthedynamicbetweenthem?
A view from my world
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Substance:Whataretheissues?
People/Relationship:Whoisinvolved?
Whatisthedynamicbetweenthem?
Process:Howdoyougetthere?
A view from my world
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• Slowdown/stopexpansionoftheconflict
• Establishcommunication
– Partiesworkfacetofacetoworkoutdifferences
• Defineissues
– Focusonsolvingtheproblem
• Addexpertisewhereneeded
– Scientific
– Legal
• Facilitateeffectivemeetings
– Decisionmakerisfacilitator
– Partiesworktogethertoshapetheprocess
• Decisionsmadebyconsensus(…)
Framework for Managing Public Conflicts
Carpenter&Kennedy,UnderstandingPublicDisputes,pg.12
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Roles: Mediator or Facilitator
• Mediator-3rdpartyneutralprotectedbymediationprivilege
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Roles: Mediator or Facilitator
• Mediator-3rdpartyneutralprotectedbymediationprivilege
– Mediation:“aprocessinwhichamediatorfacilitatescommunicationand
negotiationbetweenpartiestoassisttheminreachingavoluntary
agreementregardingtheirdispute”(UniformMediationAct)
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Roles: Mediator or Facilitator
• Mediator-3rdpartyneutralprotectedbymediationprivilege
– Mediation:“aprocessinwhichamediatorfacilitatescommunicationand
negotiationbetweenpartiestoassisttheminreachingavoluntary
agreementregardingtheirdispute”(UniformMediationAct)
– Mediationprivilege(i.e.,42Pa.C.S.§5949)• Statutoryprotectionagainstbeingforcedtotestifyincourtexceptforcertain
circumstances(threatofviolence,etc.)
• Alsolimitswhatmediatorscansay
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Roles: Mediator or Facilitator
• Mediator-3rdpartyneutralprotectedbymediationprivilege
– Mediation:“aprocessinwhichamediatorfacilitatescommunicationand
negotiationbetweenpartiestoassisttheminreachingavoluntary
agreementregardingtheirdispute”(UniformMediationAct)
– Mediationprivilege(i.e.,42Pa.C.S.§5949)• Statutoryprotectionagainstbeingforcedtotestifyincourtexceptforcertain
circumstances(threatofviolence,etc.)
• Alsolimitswhatmediatorscansay
• Facilitation-3rdpartyneutraltohelpfacilitatediscussions
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Role of a neutral 3rd party (or you!)• Identifyingparties
• Helpingidentifyissuessubjecttonegotiate
• Improvingcommunication
• Translating/reframinginformationamongtheparties
• Exploringinterests
• Helpinggenerateoptionsforeachissue
• Realitytesting
• Buildingtrust
• Legitimizingagreements
• Ensuringimplementation
From Sean F. Nolon, Second Best Practices?: Addressing Mediation’s Definitional Problems in Environmental Siting Disputes 49 IDAHO L. REV. 69 (2012)
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Returning to our story…
April 21, 2011
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Returning to our story…
April 21, 2011
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Returning to our story…
April 21, 2011
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Returning to our story…
April 21, 2011
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Lesson Learned… Community building matters, and matters a lot
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Lesson Learned… Community building matters, and matters a lot
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Because there is no magic fairy wand, what do I do?
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Think about effective meetings
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Think about effective meetings
Prepare, and prepare an agenda
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Think about effective meetings
Prepare, and prepare an agenda
Think about room space
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Think about effective meetings
Prepare, and prepare an agenda
Think about room space
Figure out how to work with everyone in the room
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Pay attention to what you see, and what you don’t…
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Selfridge and Sokolik, 1975 and W.L. French and C.H. Bell in 1979, from http://zestnzen.wordpress.com/2012/01/26/how-to-understand-cross-cultural-communication/
Pay attention to what you see, and what you don’t…
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Don’t get mad. Get curious.
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Don’t get mad. Get curious.
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“Fearisthepathtothedarkside.Fearleadstoanger.Angerleads
tohate.Hateleadstosuffering.”
Don’t get mad. Get curious.
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“Fearisthepathtothedarkside.Fearleadstoanger.Angerleads
tohate.Hateleadstosuffering.”
- Yoda,StarWarsEpisodeV:TheEmpireStrikesBack
Don’t get mad. Get curious.
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Ask questions, and then really listen!
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• CanImakesureI’munderstandingwhatwediscussed?
– [Thenprovideasummary]
Ask questions, and then really listen!
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• CanImakesureI’munderstandingwhatwediscussed?
– [Thenprovideasummary]
• IthoughtIheardyousay…DidIunderstandcorrectly?
Ask questions, and then really listen!
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• CanImakesureI’munderstandingwhatwediscussed?
– [Thenprovideasummary]
• IthoughtIheardyousay…DidIunderstandcorrectly?
• Youjustsaid….;whatdoyoumeanbythis?
Ask questions, and then really listen!
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• CanImakesureI’munderstandingwhatwediscussed?
– [Thenprovideasummary]
• IthoughtIheardyousay…DidIunderstandcorrectly?
• Youjustsaid….;whatdoyoumeanbythis?
• Canyoutellmore?
Ask questions, and then really listen!
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• CanImakesureI’munderstandingwhatwediscussed?
– [Thenprovideasummary]
• IthoughtIheardyousay…DidIunderstandcorrectly?
• Youjustsaid….;whatdoyoumeanbythis?
• Canyoutellmore?
• Icanimaginewhatthatmightmeantome,butcanyoutellme
whatthismeanstoyou?
Ask questions, and then really listen!
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• CanImakesureI’munderstandingwhatwediscussed?
– [Thenprovideasummary]
• IthoughtIheardyousay…DidIunderstandcorrectly?
• Youjustsaid….;whatdoyoumeanbythis?
• Canyoutellmore?
• Icanimaginewhatthatmightmeantome,butcanyoutellme
whatthismeanstoyou?
• [sayingnothing]-silenceisapowerfultool
Ask questions, and then really listen!
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ResourcesAFewEnvironmentalMediationRelated:
• Carpenter&Kennedy,ManagingPublicDisputes
• Levy,Susskindetal,NegotiatingEnvironmentalAgreements:HowtoAvoidEscalatingConfrontation,
NeedlessCosts,andUnnecessaryLitigation...
InterestBasedNegotiation/Discussions
• Fisher&Ury,GettingtoYes
• Fisher&Ury,GettingPastNo
• Pattonetal,DifficultConversations:HowtoGettotheHeartofWhatMattersMost
Websites
• EPAConflictResolutionandPreventionCenter:http://www.epa.gov/adr
• USInstituteforEnvironmentalConflictResolution:https://www.udall.gov/OurPrograms/Institute/
Institute.aspx
• ConsensusBuildingInstitute:http://www.cbuilding.org/
• HarvardProgramonNegotiation:http://www.pon.harvard.edu/
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START WHERE YOU ARE USE WHAT YOU HAVE DO WHAT YOU CAN
Arthur Ashe
FINAL THOUGHTS