finding news curators in twitter
DESCRIPTION
Users interact with online news in many ways, one of them being sharing content through online social networking sites such as Twitter. There is a small but important group of users that devote a substantial amount of effort and care to this activity. These users monitor a large variety of sources on a topic or around a story, carefully select interesting material on this topic, and disseminate it to an interested audience ranging from thousands to millions. These users are news curators, and are the main subject of study of this paper. We adopt the perspective of a journalist or news editor who wants to discover news curators among the audience engaged with a news site. We look at the users who shared a news story on Twitter and attempt to identify news curators who may provide more information related to that story. In this paper we describe how to find this specific class of curators, which we refer to as news story curators. Hence, we proceed to compute a set of features for each user, and demonstrate that they can be used to automatically find relevant curators among the audience of two large news organizations. This presentation is part of the SNOW workshop of the World-Wide-Web Conference, held in Rio to Janeiro, May 2013.TRANSCRIPT
Janette Lehmann, Carlos Castillo, Mounia Lalmas, Ethan Zuckerman
Finding News Curators in Twitter
Outline
¨ Motivation
¨ Types of curators
¨ Labeling news story curators
¨ Automatically finding news story curators
¨ Conclusion and future work
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Photo credit (first slide): Hobvias Sudoneighm (CC-BY).
Motivation
¨ Twitter has become a powerful tool for the aggregation and consumption of time-sensitive content in general and news in particular.
¨ Journalists use online social media platforms (Twitter, Facebook and others) and blogs to elicit other story angles or verify stories they are working on.
To what extend the community of engaged readers - those who
share news articles in social media – can contribute to the journalistic process?
What kind of roles people play when sharing news?
We want to detect users that provide further relevant
information to a news story. We call them news story curators.
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Example
Al Jazeera English news article about the civil war in Syria
“Syria allows UN to step up food aid” [16 Jan 2013]
Users that posted the article in Twitter
Whom would you follow to find out more about the civil war in Syria?
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#Followers Is tweeting about
@RevolutionSyria 88,122 Syria
@KenanFreeSyria 13,388 Syria
@UP_food 703 Food
@KeriJSmith 8,838 Breaking news/top stories
@BreakingNews 5,662,866 Breaking news/top stories
Types of news story curators
Human Automatic
Topi
c-
unfo
cuse
d
Topic-unfocused curator Disseminating news articles about diverse topics, usually breaking news/top stories à @KeriJSmith
News aggregators Collecting news articles (e.g. from RSS feeds) and automatically post their corresponding headlines and URLs à @BreakingNews
Topi
c-
focu
sed
Topic-focused curator Collecting interesting information with a specific focus, usually a geographic region or a topic à @KenanFreeSyria
Topic-focused aggregators Disseminating automatically news with topical focus à @UP_food, @RevolutionSyria
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Types of news story curators
Human Automatic
Topi
c-
unfo
cuse
d To
pic-
fo
cuse
d
Topic-focused curator Collecting interesting information with a specific focus, usually a geographic region or a topic à @KenanFreeSyria
Topic-focused aggregators Disseminating automatically news with topical focus à @UP_food, @RevolutionSyria
Valuable curators for a specific story
These curators are probably less or not valuable
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Data sets
Step 1: Selection of news articles ¨ News articles published in early 2013 from
¤ BBC World Service [BBC] 75 articles ¤ Al Jazeera English [AJE] 155 articles
¨ Stories: Obama's inauguration, Mali conflict, Pollution in Beijing, etc. Step 2 : News crowd detection ¨ All users who tweeted the article within the first 6 hours after
publication
Step 3: User characteristics ¨ Extraction of data from each user in the news crowd (e.g. further
tweets, profile information)
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Labeling News Story Curators
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Labeling tasks
Data ¨ Sample of 20 news articles
¨ For each news article, a sample of 10 users who posted the article
¨ We shown to three assessors:
¤ The title of the news article and a sample of tweets of the user
¤ Profile description and the number of followers of the user
Labeling-Questions
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Q1) Please indicate whether the user is interested or an expert of the topic of the article story: Yes: Most of her/his tweets relate to the topic of the story (e.g. the article is about the conflict in Syria, she/he is often tweeting about the conflict in Syria). Maybe: Many of her/his tweets relate to the topic of the story or she/he is interested in a related topic (e.g. the article is about the conflict in Syria, she/he is tweeting about armed conflicts or the Arabic world). No: She/he is not tweeting about the topic of the story. Unknown: Based on the information of the user it was not possible to label her/him.
Q2) Please indicate whether the user is a human or generates tweets automatically: Human: The user has conversations and personal comments in his or her tweets. The text of tweets that have URLs (e.g. to news articles) seems self-written and contain user own opinions. Maybe automatic: The Twitter user has characteristics of an automatic profile, but she/he could be human as well. Automatic: The tweet stream of the user looks automatically generated. The tweets contain only headlines and URLs of news articles. Unknown: Based on the information of the user it was not possible to label her/him as human or automatic.
Resulting training set
Interested? (topic-focused)
Human or Automatic? Interested + human
n yes no n human automatic
AJE 63 21% 79% 71 55% 45% 13%
BBC 58 3% 54% 54 35% 65% 1.8%
many users are topic-unfocused and automatic
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We considered only users for which at least two annotators provided a decisive label (Yes or No, Human or Automatic)
Automatically finding News Story Curators
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Features
Visibility • Number of followers • Number of Twitter lists with user
Tweeting activity • Number of tweets per day • Fraction of tweets that contains a re-tweet mark "RT", a URL, a user
mention or a hashtag
Topic focus • Number of crowds the user belongs to • Number of distinct article sections of the crowds (e.g. sports, business) the
user belongs to
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Simple models
UserIsHuman
UserFracURL >= 0.85 automatic,
otherwise human
Mod
el
Human class: Prec/Rec: 0.85
AUC: 0.81 Eval
uatio
n
UserIsInterestedInStory
UserSectionsQ >= 0.9 not-interested,
otherwise interested
Mod
el
Interested class: Prec: 0.48 / Rec: 0.93
AUC: 0.83 Eval
uatio
n
Preselection The user must have • At least 1,000 followers • Posted an article that is estimated related to the original article [1]
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[1] J. Lehmann, C. Castillo, M. Lalmas, and E. Zuckerman. Transient news crowds in social media. In ICWSM, 2013.
feature (one) selection + random forest algorithm
Complex models
Precision Recall AUC
Automatic 0.88 0.84 0.93
Human 0.82 0.86 0.93
Interested 0.95 0.92 0.90
Not-interested 0.53 0.67 0.90
random forest with information-gain-based feature selection
random forest with asymmetric misclassification costs false negatives (classifying an interested user as not interested) were considered 5 times more costly than false positives
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Precision-oriented evaluation
We compared our method with two baseline approaches ¨ Users with the largest number of followers [FOLLOWER-APPROACH]
¨ Users with the largest number of stories detected as related to the original one [STORY-APPROACH]
Data ¨ Sample of 20 news articles that had at least one curator, detected using the complex model
with a confidence value >= 0.75 ¨ We extracted for each article the same number of possible curators using the other two
approaches ¨ We asked three assessors to evaluate the results
(question Q1 – UserIsInterestedInStory)
¨ About 210 labels for 70 units were collected Results
true positive/false positive FOLLOWER-APPROACH: 2/18 = 11% STORY-APPROACH: 5/20 = 25% OUR APPROACH: 6/16 = 38%
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Conclusion and future work
We were able to detect and model news story curators, who (could and maybe are) play an important role in the news ecosystem; not only for news readers,
but for journalists and editors.
¨ A large amount of activity on Twitter is automatic and some of these news aggregators can be considered to be good curators
¨ Mostly the attention of the user is quickly shifting away - posting a link does not have to reflect a long-standing interest on the subject of the link
Future work ¨ Adding other (Twitter) variables to the system that capture, for instance,
interestingness and serendipity
¨ Application on other news providers
¨ Analysis of the functionality of popular news aggregators, which are comparable to RSS feeds
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Questions and Discussion…
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Janette Lehmann Universitat Pompeu Fabra [email protected] Carlos Castillo Qatar Computing Research Institute [email protected] Mounia Lalmas Yahoo! Labs [email protected] Ethan Zuckerman MIT Center for Civic Media [email protected]
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Photo credits: Hobvias Sudoneighm (CC BY), Thomas Leuthard (CC BY), Mads Iversen (CC BY-NC-SA), Wayne Large (CC BY-ND)