Finite Elements in Water Resources

Proceedings of the 4th International Conference,

Hannover, Germany, June 1982

Editors:

K.P. Holz

U. Meissner W. Zielke C.A. Brebbia

G. Pinder

W. Gray

Sponsors: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft International Society for Computational Methods in Engineering International Association for Hydraulic Research

Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH 1982

K.P. Holz U. Meissner W. Zielke C.A. Brebbia G. Pinder W. Gray

Computational Mechanics Centre, Ashurst Lodge Ashurst, Southampton, Hampshire, S04 2AA, UK

ISBN 978-3-662-02350-1 ISBN 978-3-662-02348-8 (eBook)

DOI 10.1007/978-3-662-02348-8

This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically those of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, broadcasting, reproduction by photocopying machine or similar means, and storage in data banks. Under§ 54 of the German Copyright Law where copies are made fOr other than private use a fee is payable to

'Vetwertungsgesellschaft Wort', Munich.

The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.

2061/3020/543210

© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1982

Originally published by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York in 1982

Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1982

PREFACE

These proceedings contain the papers presented at the Fourth International Conference on Finite Elements in Water Resources, held in June, 1982, at the University of Hannover, Federal Re­public of Germany. This Conference continued the successful series of previous conferences held at Princeton University in 1976, at Imperial College in 1978, and at the University of Mississippi in 1980. Since Finite Elements have proved to be a powerful means for analysing water resource problems, the principal objective of the Conference was to provide an exchange of experiences in practical applications of the finite element method and to establish a forum for discussion regarding accuracy, economy, limitations and improvements. Related discretization methods were included within the scope of the Conference. New develop­ments in numerical and computational techniques, basic mathe­matical formulations, and soft- and hardware aspects were considered to be equally important topics for an exchange of ideas between both theoretically and practically oriented re­searchers. The Conference Organizing Committee is very grateful to the many distinguished scientists who attended the Conference, and for their contributions towards the proceedings. This collection of papers in being made available to a wider audience of en­gineers and scientists by CML Publications in Southampton, U.K. We are particularly grateful for the enlightening lectures given by the guest speakers, namely, J. H. Argyris, L. Bengtsson, L. Collatz, D. Haidvogel, C. Taylor, and P. A. Witherspoon, and we would also like to express our gratitude to those speakers who were invited to present papers at individual sessions.

Hannover, June 1982

K.-P. Holz U. Meissner W. Zielke (Local Organizing Committee of the Conference)

Please note that the editors are not responsible for the con­tents of the papers which were reproduced directly from the original material submitted by the authors.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The Conference Organizing Committee gratefully

acknowledges the sponsorship given by the

following organisations:

Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Society)

Niedersachsisches Ministerium fUr Wissenschaft und Kunst (Ministry of Science and Art of the State of Lower Saxony)

International Association for Hydraulic Research (IAHR)

International Society for Computational Methods in Engineering (ISCME)

The local organization of the Conference was

undertaken by the following institutions of

the University of Hannover:

Institut fUr Stromungsmechanik und Elektronisches Rechnen im Bauwesen (Institute of Fluid Mechanics and Electronic Computations in Civil Engineering)

Sonderforschungsbereich Wasserforschung im KUstenbereich- SFB79 (Interinstitutional Research Group for Water Research in Coastal Areas)

CONTENTS

1. GENERAL LECTURES

Numerical Modelling of the Global Atmosphere L. Bengtsson ......................................... 1-3

Overview of the Finite Element Method in Groundwater Hydrology

T. N. Narasimhan and P. A. Witherspoon .•............ ,1-29

Solving Turbulent Flow Problems Using the FEM C. Taylor ..............•............................. 1-45

2. MATHEMATICS UNO NUMERICAL TECHNIQUES

Petrov-Galerkin Schemes for the Steady State Convection­Diffusion Equation

M. Ahues and M. Telias ..........................•... 2-3

Hybrid and Mixed Finite Elements in Fluid Mechanics S. N. Atluri ........................................ 2-13

The Reliability Estimates and Adaptivity in Finite Element Engineering Computations

I. Babuska .......................................... 2-21

On the Accuracy and Efficiency of a Finite Element Algorithm for Hydrodynamic Flows

A. J. Baker and M. 0. Soliman ......................• 2-39

Implementation of a Direct Method for the Biharmonic Problem in the Context of a Code Using Substructuration

A. Bossavit ........•.....................•.......... 2-57

Discrete Optimization of Finite-Element Solutions: A Concept Discussed for the Diffusion-Advection Problem

S. Gartner .....•..••....................•.••....•..• 2-67

On a Direct Approach for the Solution of Linear Space­Invariant 2-D Differential Convolution Models

F. c. Incertis ..........•...•.••.......•.....•.•.... 2-81

Mixed Finite Element Methods for Nonlinear Problems M.A. Noor and Kh. Z. Elahi, K. I. Noor .............. 2-91

Certain Variational Principles with no Constraints for Fluid-Solid Strong Interaction

N. SarigUl and M. C. DHkmeci ................•........ 2-101

3. SOLUTION OF THE NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS

Convective and Radiative Transfer Past a Porous Flat Plate in Compressible Flow

A. R. Bestman ..............................•...•..... 3-3

Effective Transient Compressible Flow Analysis in Pipe Networks

0. Ohtmer ............................................ 3-13

Continuation Methods for the Finite Element Solution of Turbulent Flow

D. R. Schamber, B. E. Larock, and B. A. DeVantier .... 3-23

The Application of FEM and FDM to Flow Separation Pattern; A Comparison Study

N. A. Zaghloul ...............................•.....•• 3-33

4. OPEN CHANNEL FLOW CALCULATIONS

A Distributed Rainfall-Runoff Model F. J. Aparicio and M. Berezowsky ................•.... 4-3

Numerical Computation of Supercritical and Subcritical Flows in Open Channels with Varying Cross-Sections

A. 0. Demuren ........................•............... 4-13

Finite Element Solution of the Lagrangian Equations of Unsteady Free-Surface Flows on Dry River Beds

A. Di Monaco and P. Molinaro ..........•........••.... 4-25

A Hydrodynamic Model for Open Channel Flow Problems G. A. Keramidas ........•.......................•..... 4-37

On the Use of Explicit Methods of Solution of the Saint Venant Equations for Open Channel Flow

K. Sivaloganathan •.........•..•..•...............•..• 4-51

5. NUMERICAL TECHNIQUES FOR TIDAL AND OCEAN FLOW

Some Recent Developments and Prospects in Finite Difference Methods

M. B. Abbott ..•..••.......•...........•......•........ 5-3

A Time Integration Technique for Modelling of Small Amplitude Tidal Waves

V. Argintaru and L. Spraggs .......................... 5-17

Formulating a Three-Dimensional Hydrodynamic Sea Model Using a Mixed Galerkin-Finite Difference Method

A. M. Davies ......................................... 5-27

Feasability of Finite Element Methods for Oceanic General Circulation Modelling

E. Dumas, Ch. Le Provost, and A. Poncet .............. 5-43

The Use of Kalman-Bucy Filters in Forecasting the Water Levels in the Dutch Coastal Area

A. W. Heemink and B. de Jong ......................... 5-57

Time-Weighting of the Momentum Equation in Explicit Wave Equation Models of Surface Water Flow

I. P. E. Kinnmark and W. G. Gray ..................... 5-67

Formulating Layered and Semi-Analytic Finite Element Flow Programs with Variable Eddy Viscosity

J. P. Laible ......................................... 5-79

Tidal Propagation in a Rectangular Basin of the Bay of Fundy

M. Rahman ...................................•........ 5-91

F. E. Analysis of Waves in a Semi-Infinite Layer of Fluid

P. Wilde and K. Szmidt ............................... 5-101

6. SIMULATION OF TIDAL AND OCEAN FLOW PROCESSES

Numerical Modeling of Storm Surge Generation Phenomena S. A. Dendrou, C. I. Moore, and B. A. Dendrou ........ 6-3

Typhoon Surge Analysis by Selective Lumping Two Step Ex­plicit Finite Element Method

M. Kawahara ...............................•.•........ 6-13

Tidal River Flow Calculations with Measured Velocities on the Open Boundaries

A. Nehlsen, W. Michaelis and A. MUller ............... 6-29

Residual Currents During Changing Meteorological Circumstances

N. Praagman .......................................... 6-39

Some Computation a 1 Prob 1 ems of Oceanography W. C. Thacker ..................................•..... 6-49

7. LAKE CIRCULATION

Computation of Wind-Driven Circulation in Shallow Lakes B. L. Jackowski ...................................... 7-3

A Three-Dimensional Finite Element Model For Stratified Flow

I. P. King ........................................... 7-13

Finite Element Analysis of Water Quality in Lake Erie D. C. L. Lam ......................................... 7-23

Calculation of Lake Circulation with Threedimensional Finite Elements

J. Trosch ............................................ 7-33

8. MODERN SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENTS

A Microcomputer Program for Design of the Self Retiming Mechanics of Large Tidal Power Sites

H. Ki nno ............................................. 8-3

Automatic Generation of Finite Element Network for Bi­Dimensional and Quasi-Three-Dimensional Equations Governing the Groundwater Flow

L. Sartori, V. Aurelio, M. Riccioni, and G. Svarca ........................................ 8-13

Procedure of Mesh Data Generation in Codes for the Ana­lysis of Viscous Flow

M. A. Sebastian, J. M. Perez, and A.M. Sanchez ...... 8-25

9. NUMERICAL TECHNIQUES IN GROUNDWATER FLOW

Some Experiences Using Finite Element Methods for Fluid Flow Problems

K. J. Bathe, V. Sonnad and P. Domigan ................ 9-3

Software Developments for Finite Element Applications

R. Damrath ..............•............................ 9-17

Finite Element Analysis of Interface Problem in Non­Steady Seepage

I. Kohno and M. Nishigaki ............................ 9-35

A Frontal Method Based Solution of the Quasi-Three­Dimensional Finite Element Model for Interconnected Aquifer Systems and Fluid Mass Balance Evaluation. Steady and Unsteady Equations.

L. Sartori and G. Peverieri .......................... 9-45

Solution of Immiscible Displacement in Porous Media Using the Collocation Finite Element Method

A.M. Shapiro and G. F. Pinder .........•...........•. 9-61

The Streamfunction Method A Direct Approach to Simulate Groundwater Flow

G. Willms ............................................ 9-71

10. SIMULATION OF GROUNDWATER FLOW

Influence of a Soil Pipe Network on Catchment Hydrology M. D. Barcelo and J. L. Nieber ....................... 10-3

Adaptation of FEAP for Seepage with a Free Surface A. Das Gupta and G. Mustafa ....•..................... 10-15

Finite Element Computations of Horizontal Groundwater Flow with Moving Boundaries

B. Herrl i ng .......................................... 10-25

Finite-Element Investigation of the Groundwater Basin of the Szentendre Island, Hungary

G. Molnar and G. Popper ....................•......... 10-41

Interconnected Groundwater Systems Simulation (!GROSS) Description of the System and its Application to the Western Libya Regional Aquifer

G. Pizzi and L. Sartori .•...................••.....•. 10-51

Finite Element Simulation of the Transient Exploita­tion of a Coastal Aquifer

A. sa da Costa ....................................... 10-61

Numerical Simulation of Infiltration into Porous Media and Response of the Water Table

F. Stauffer ................................•......... 10-73

Comparison of Three Models of a Dual Aquifer System K. Swaminathan and K. Elango .......•..•.............. 10-83

11. GROUNDWATER, SOIL AND INTERACTION

A Hybrid Model to Simulate Landsubsidence Due to Groundwater Recovery

F. B . J • Ba rends •...••.•.........•..•.•.....•.•.•..•. 11-3

Finite Element Analysis of Soil Moisture Flow and Moisture Stress in a Dessicating Soil

J. L. Nieber ..•.••••..••..•........••••...•.•.••.•.•• 11-13

12. FLOW IN ROCKY MATERIAL

Numerical Modelling of Rubble Mound Breakwaters A. A. Hannoura and F. B. Barends ..................... 12-3

Finite Element Simulation of Contaminant Transport in Fractured Rock near Karlshamn, Sweden

A.M. Shapiro and J. Andersson ....................... 12-11

13. TRANSPORT PROCESSES IN GROUNDWATER FLOW

Finite Element Solutions of Coupled Groundwater Flow and Transport Equations under Transient Conditions Including the Effect of the Selected Time Step Sizes

S. C. Anand and A. Pandit .........................•.. 13-3

Numerical Estimation of the Solution of the Diffusion Equation with fixed Dirichlet-Type Boundary Conditions

J. Cho:j.ast and A. Niemiec .........................•.. 13-15

The Principal Direction Technique: A New Approach to Groundwater Contaminant Transport Modelling

E. 0. Frind .......................................... 13-25

Numerical Solution of Heat and Water Transport in an Unsaturated Freezing Soil

U. Hornung ........................................... 13-43

FE Model of Stochastic Ground Water Pollution M. Majumdar and S. Majumdar ................•......... 13-53

14. NUMERICAL TECHNIQUES FOR THE SOLUTION OF THE TRANSPORT EQUATION

On the Numerical Solution of the Diffusion-Con­vection Equation

J. F. Botha, B. M. Herbst and S. W. Schoombie .••..... 14-3

Transport Simulation Using Three Dimensional Alter­nating Direction Collocation

M.A. Celia and G. F. Pinder ......................... 14-9

The Discrete Element Method for Different Upwind Schemes and Curv.i ng Boundaries

J. Hiuser, D. Eppel and F. Tanzer .....•.....•........ 14-21

Finite Element Techniques in Transport Phenomena J. C. Heinrich and E. Envia ........•.....••.......... 14-27

Eulerian-Lagrangian Methods for Advection-Dispersion S. P. Neuman and S. Sorek ............................ 14-41

Numerical Solution of Diffusive-Convective Differential Problems by General Finite Difference Forms

M. Reali, R. Rangogni and V. Pennati ................. 14-69

Petrov-Galerkin Methods for Two Dimensional Flow Cal­culations

R. Wait and M. Parsaei ............................... 14-77

Numerical Solution of Three-Dimensional and Time-Depen­dent Advection-Diffusion Equations by Collocation Methods

H. Wengle ............................................ 14-87

15. SIMULATION OF TRANSPORT PROCESSES

Thermal Discharge Analysis in St.-Lawrence River by Finite Elements: A Case Study

J. F. Cochet, G. Dhatt and G. Hubert .............•... 15-3

Water Quality Modeling with Finite Elements and Inter­active Graphics

P. N. French ......................................... 15-11

Tidal Current and Substance Dispersion by Finite Element Method Using Finite Difference Technique

K. Murakami and M. Morikawa .......................... 15-21

Simulation Analysis for Diffusion of Discharged Warm Water in the Bay by Finite Elements

T. Tanaka, Y. Ono and K. Nakata ...................... 15-31

16. NUMERICAL MODELS OF SEDIMENT TRANSPORT

Hydrotransportation as a Point Process M. Erlich and A. Niemiec ............................. 16-3

Finite Element Modelling of Sediment Transport in an Estuary

A. Fritz and K.-P. Holz .........................•.... 16-11

Mathematical Modelling of Time Dependent Wave Attenuation and Discrete Solid Body Transport in Gravity driven Partially Filled Pipe Flows

J. A. Swaffied, S. Bridge and L. S. Galowin .........• 16-21

Computer Simulation of Sedimentation Processes S. Y. Wang .•..•.................•............•...•..• 16-35

17. FLOW INDUCED FORCES IN STRUCTURES

A New Hydrodynamic Model for Restricted Fluid Domains A. S. Arcilla •.........•.•..•••....................... 17-3

Wave Action on Floating Structures and Wave Propaga­tion Using Finite Elements Method

A. Lejeune, J. Marchal, Th. Hoffait, M. Sahloul and S. Grilli ......•................•.•.... 17-13

Numerical Solution of Some Linear Evolution Problems in Naval Hydrodynamics

c. Licht .•.••••..........................••..•.•..••.. 17-25

Calculation of the Value of the Hydrodynamic Forces Acting on a Culvert Tainter Valve by Means of the Finite Elements Method

V. Strauss .......................................•.... 17-35

Simulation of Free Jet Trajectories for the Design of Aeration Devices on Hydraulic Structures

C. Y. Wei and F. G. DeFazio •....•••.............•....• 17-45

18. PARAMETER ESTIMATION AND OPTIMIZATION

A General Approach doe Water Quality V. Erogl u and M. YUce l. ............................... 18-3

Aquifer Parameter Identification Using Stochastic Approximation

S. K. Goy a 1 •....••...............•..•..•.•.•.......... 18-7

Identification of Soil Parameters for an Infiltra­tion Problem

U. Hornung and W. Messing •........•.•••.•...•.•.•..... 18-15

Optimal Operation of Wells in a Multilayered Leaky Aquifer

T. Kawatani .••••............•••••.••••.•.•..........•. 18-25

19. BOUNDARY ELEMENT METHOD

Some Applications of the Boundary Element Method for Potential Problems

C. A. Brebbia ••••••••••••..•••••••••.....•.••••••..•.. 19-3

Boundary Element Method: Processing of the Source Term of the Poisson Equation by Means of Bou~1ary Integrals only

A. Di Monaco and R. Rangogni •.•.•••.•••••••.•••.•••••. 19-29

Finite Element Analysis of Momentum Transfer in Rivers of Complex Cross Section

M. Radojkovic and M. Ivetic •••••••••••••••••••••••••• l9-37

SUPPLEMENTS

Current Progress in Solving the Time-Dependent, Incompressible Navier-Stokes Equations in Three­Dimensions by (Almost) the FEM

P. M. Gresho and C. D. Upson •••••••••••••••••••••••••• 3-43 (received 29/3/1982)