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Country fact sheet

September 2017

Photo: © Toni García, My City/EEA

Land cover 2012

Finland

Finland

1

Land cover 2012 Overview of land cover & change 2006-2012 The land cover development in Finland has similar intensity and structure as in the previous period, with only slightly lower overall change rate. With a mean annual change rate of 0.35% of total area, the dynamics of development in the Finish landscape is rather high, compared to other European countries. The extent of forest conversions in the country is huge, which is caused by extensive forest coverage itself. These conversions will always be the most powerful driver of development of the Finish landscape. The intensity of these internal forest flows is comparable to the previous period. On the other hand, conversions from forested and natural land to agriculture, which were remarkable during the period 2000-2006, lost most of it intensity in the 2006-2012 period. The speed of urban sprawl in Finland remains stable, with an annual artificial land take rate of about 0.4%, which is slightly above the European average. Sprawl is driven by the extension of mines and quarrying areas, as well as dump, construction and industrial or commercial sites. On the other hand, the extensions of residential and sport and leisure areas, which were major sprawl drivers in the period 2000-2006, show significant decline. Note: The results presented here are based on a change analysis of 44 land cover types mapped consistently on a 1:100.000 scale across Europe over more than decade between 2000-2006-2012 - see Corine land cover (CLC) programme for details. Number of years between CLC2006-CLC2012 data for Finland: 6

1% 5%

4%

72%

2%1%

6%

9%

1.1. Land cover 2012[% of total]

-12000

-8000

-4000

0

4000

8000

12000

1.2. Net change in land cover 2006-2012 [ha]

-2.0

0.0

2.0

1.3. Net change in land cover [% of initial year

2006]

A rtific ial areas A rable land & permanent c rops Pas tures & mosaics Fores ted land

Semi-natural vegetation O pen spaces/ bare soils Wetlands Water bodies

Summary balance table 2006-2012

Art

ific

ial

area

s

Ara

ble

lan

d &

per

man

ent

cro

ps

Pas

ture

s &

mo

saic

s

Fore

sted

lan

d

Sem

i-n

atu

ral

veg

etat

ion

Op

en s

pac

es/

bar

e so

ils

Wet

lan

ds

Wat

er b

od

ies

TO

TA

L

[hu

nd

red

s h

a]

Land cover 2006 4544 15633 13384 242269 7079 2006 21691 32054 338662

Consumption of initial LC 14.3 73.9 56.2 6272.3 0.0 1.8 32.2 2.5 6453

Formation of new LC 120.4 56.0 23.0 6156.1 0.0 5.7 92.1 0.0 6453

Net Formation of LC 106.1 -17.9 -33.3 -116.2 0.0 3.9 59.9 -2.5 0

Net formation as % of initial year 2.3 -0.1 -0.2 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.0

Total turnover of LC 134.7 129.9 79.2 12428.4 0.0 7.5 124.3 2.5 12906

Total turnover as % of initial year 3.0 0.8 0.6 5.1 0.0 0.4 0.6 0.0 3.8

Land cover 2012 4650 15615 13351 242153 7079 2010 21751 32052 338662

Finland

2

Land cover trends comparison 2000-2006 vs. 2006-2012

0.33%

0.32%

0 30000 60000 90000 120000

2000-2006

2006-2012

2.4. Annual land cover change[ha/year, % of total area]

0 100000 200000

Artificial areas

Arable land& permanent crops

Pastures& mosaics

Forested land

Semi-natural vegetation

Open spaces/ bare soils

Wetlands

Water bodies

2.5. Annual turnover of LC types [ha/year]

2000-2006

2006-2012

-8000 -4000 0 4000 8000

Artificial areas

Arable land& permanent crops

Pastures& mosaics

Forested land



Wetlands

Water bodies

2.6. Net annual change of LC types [ha/year]

Summary trend figures 2000-2006 2006-2012

Annual land cover change [ha/year] 112389 107554

Annual land cover change as % of initial year 0.33% 0.32%Land uptake by artificial development as mean annual change [ha/year] 1803 1851

Agricultural land uptake by urban and infrastructures development as mean annual change [ha/year] 333 223

Net uptake of forests and semi-natural land by agriculture as mean annual change [ha/year] 7474 -88

Net conversion from pasture to arable land and permanent crops as mean annual change [ha/year] 0 0

Forest & other woodland net formation as mean annual change [ha/year] -6347 -1936

Dry semi-natural land cover net formation as mean annual change [ha/year] -1 83

Wetlands & water bodies net formation as mean annual change [ha/year] -2602 957

0

30000

60000

90000

lcf1

Urb

an la

ndm

anag

emen

t

lcf2

Urb

anre

side

ntia

l spr

awl

lcf3

Spr

awl o

fec

onom

ic s

ites

and

infr

astr

uctu

res

lcf4

Agr

icul

ture

inte

rnal

conv

ersi

ons

lcf5

Con

vers

ion

from

for

este

d &

natu

ral l

and

toag

ricu

lture

lcf6

Withd

raw

al o

ffa

rmin

g

lcf7

For

ests

crea

tion

and

man

agem

ent

lcf8

Wat

er b

odie

scr

eation

an

dm

anag

emen

t

lcf9

Cha

nges

due

to n

atur

al a

ndm

ultip

le c

ause

s

2.7. Intensity of main change drivers (LC FLOWS) [ha/year]

2000-2006

2006-2012

Finland

3

Artificial surfaces sprawl (2006-2012)

0.41

%

0.41

%

0

1000

2000

2000-2006 2006-2012

3.8. Artificial land take [ha/year,

% of initial year]

Slowdown of residential and sport and leisure sprawl

The urban sprawl rate in Finland is slightly above average, compared to other European countries, and stable in time, as it was almost identical in the 2000-2006 as in 2006-2012. Geographically, it is situated not only on the south, but around all major Finish cities, with the highest concentration in the surroundings of capital city of Helsinki. The largest area has been taken by mines, quarries and waste dumpsites – with much more intensive formation than in previous period. Also the area of construction sites and industrial and commercial units grows much faster, compared to 2000-2006. In contrast, the sprawl of discontinuous urban fabric and sport and leisure facilities, which was the main driver of the artificial land development in the 2000-2006, continues with significantly lower intensity during the period 2006-2012. The main source for these newly built urban areas is former forested land.

75%

14%

3%7%

1%const.

3.9. Artificial surfaces 2012 [% of total area]

0 300 600 900

3.10. Artificial land take 2006-2012 [ha/year]

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

Con

tinu

ous

urba

n fa

bric

Dis

cont

inuo

us u

rban

fab

ric

Ind

ustr

ial o

r co

mm

erci

alun

its

Roa

d an

d ra

il ne

twor

ks a

ndas

soci

ated

land

Por

t ar

eas

Airpo

rts

Min

eral

ext

ract

ion

site

s

Dum

p si

tes

Con

stru

ctio

n si

tes

Gre

en u

rban

are

as

Spo

rt a

nd le

isur

e fa

cilit

ies

3.11. Mean annual artificial change by class [ha/year]

2000-2006

2006-2012

Finland

4

Agriculture (2006-2012)

Decrease of conversion from natural land to agriculture

In the long term, the development of the finish agricultural land is driven exclusively by external exchanges with another land cover types – internal conversions of agricultural land are not observed in the country. During the previous period 2000-2006, the conversions from forest and wetlands to agriculture were frequent in Finland and caused significant formation of arable land. However, in the 2006-2012, these conversions lost most of their intensity, which means both arable and pasture land have negative net change balance, with prevailing consumption of land. There still remains some amount of conversion from transitional woodland to agriculture, which, together with opposite withdrawal of farming with transitional woodland creation, are the main drivers of the agricultural land development in Finland in the period 2006-2012.

21154%

2220.003

%

2310.3%

2420.03%

24346%

4.12. Agricultural areas 2012 [% of total area]

-0.4

7%

-6.6

7%

-30.

96%

-0.1

7%

0.36

%

16.9

6%

0.04

%

-8000

-4000

0

4000

8000

Non

-irr

igat

ed a

rabl

e la

nd

Per

man

ently

irriga

ted

land

Ric

e fie

lds

Vin

eyar

ds

Fru

it t

rees

and

ber

ry p

lant

atio

ns

Oliv

e gr

oves

Pas

ture

s

Ann

ual/

pe

rman

ent

crop

s

Com

plex

cul

t. p

atte

rns

Agr

icul

ture

with

nat

. ve

g.

Agr

o-fo

rest

ry a

reas

4.13. Development of agricultural areas 2006-2012– detailed balance [ha]

Consumption of initial land cover

Formation of new land cover

211 Non-irrigated arable land

212 Permanently irrigated land

213 Rice fields

221 Vineyards

222 Fruit trees and berry plantations

223 Olive groves

231 Pastures

241 Annual crops associated with permanent crops242 Complex cultivation patterns

243 Agriculture land with significant areas of natural vegetation244 Agro-forestry areas

-1000

1000

3000

5000

7000

Non

-irr

igat

ed a

rabl

e la

nd

Per

man

ently

irriga

ted

land R

ice

field

s

Vin

eyar

ds

Fru

it t

rees

and

ber

ry p

lant

atio

ns

Oliv

e gr

oves

Pas

ture

s

Ann

ual/

per

man

ent

crop

s

Com

plex

cul

t. p

atte

rns

Agr

icul

ture

with

nat

. ve

g.

Agr

o-fo

rest

ry a

reas

4.14. Mean annual agricultural change by class [ha/year]

2000-2006

2006-2012

Finland

5

Forest & nature (2006-2012)

79%2%

1%

7%

11%

5.15. Forest & nature areas 2012

[% of total area]

Forest



Wetlands

Water bodies

Extensive internal forest flows

About 72% of the landscape in Finland is covered by forests and therefore, changes in forested land are the main drivers of land cover development in the country, mostly represented by internal forest conversions. The intensity of these flows is comparable with the previous period, with slightly prevailing recent felling and transition over forest creation from transitional woodland, which also shows the same trend as in the 2000-2006. Net change of forested land is characterized by the consumption of coniferous forest and formation of mixed, broad-leaved forest and transitional woodland and shrub, the last one significantly higher compared with previous period. Concerning external exchange of natural land, the conversion from wetlands to agriculture, which was frequent in the period 2000-2006, almost disappeared from the Finish landscape and the conversion from forest to agriculture occurs with significantly lower intensity. Another interesting trend in the frame of natural land development in Finland is the creation of wetlands (in particular peatbogs), mostly through the conversion from coniferous forest and arable land. This trend of peatbogs creation had been observed already during the previous period, but not through the conversion from arable land.

-0.1

9%

-2.5

3%

-0.2

6%

-7.4

2%

-5.2

4%

-0.0

7%

-0.5

3%

-0.1

3%

-1.2

9%

0.00

%

-100

.00%

1.84

%

0.81

%

1.87

%

11.3

0%

0.37

%

0.19

%

0.42

%

1.28

%

-400000

-300000

-200000

-100000

0

100000

200000

300000

400000

Bro

ad-l

eave

d fo

rest

Con

ifero

us for

est

Mix

ed for

est

Nat

ural

gra

ssla

nd

Moo

rs a

nd h

eath

land

Scl

erop

hyllo

us v

eget

atio

n

Tra

nsitio

nal w

oodl

and

shr

ub

Bea

ches

, du

nes,

san

d

Bar

e ro

ck

Spa

rsel

y ve

geta

ted

area

s

Bur

nt a

reas

Gla

cier

s/pe

rp.

snow

Inl

and

mar

shes

Pea

tbog

s

Sal

t m

arsh

es

Sal

ines

Int

ertida

l fla

ts

Wat

er c

ours

es

Wat

er b

odie

s

Coa

stal

lago

ons

Est

uaries

Sea

and

oce

an

5.16. Development of forest & nature areas 2006-2012 – detailed balance [ha]

Consumption of initial land cover

Formation of new land cover

-60000

-30000

0

30000

Bro

ad-l

eave

d fo

rest

Con

ifero

us for

est

Mix

ed for

est

Nat

ural

gra

ssla

nd

Moo

rs a

nd h

eath

land

Scl

erop

hyllo

usve

geta

tion

Tra

nsitio

nal w

oodl

and

shr

ub

Bea

ches

, du

nes,

san

d

Bar

e ro

ck

Spa

rsel

y ve

geta

ted

are

as

Bur

nt a

reas

Gla

cier

s an

d pe

rpet

ual

snow

Inl

and

mar

shes

Pea

tbog

s

Sal

t m

arsh

es

Sal

ines

Int

ertida

l fla

ts

Wat

er c

ours

es

Wat

er b

odie

s

Coa

stal

lago

ons

Est

uaries

Sea

and

oce

an

5.17. Mean annual forest & nature change by class [ha/year]

2000-2006

2006-2012

Finland

6

Annex: Land cover flows and trends Land cover flows 2006-2012

Artif. areas 0,2%

Arable land 1%

Pastures1%

97%

Wet. 1%

6.18. Consumption of land cover2006-2012 [% of total change

area]

Artif. areas 2%

Arable land 1%

Pastures0,3%

95%

Open sp.0,1%

Wet. 1%

6.19. Formation of land cover 2006-2012 [% of total change

area]

A rtific ial areas A rable land & permanent c rops Pas tures & mosaics Fores ted land

Semi-natural vegetation O pen spaces/ bare soils Wetlands Water bodies

lcf10.1%

lcf20.3%

lcf32% lcf5

1%

lcf61%

lcf794%

lcf92%

6.20. Drivers of change (LC FLOWS)2006-2012 [% of total change area]

lc f1 U rban land management

lc f2 U rban res idential sprawl

lc f3 Sprawl of economic s ites and infras truc tures

lc f4 A griculture internal convers ions

lc f5 C onvers ion from fores ted & natural land to agriculture

lc f6 Withdrawal of farming

lc f7 Fores ts c reation and management

lc f8 Water bodies c reation and management

lc f9 C hanges due to natural and multiple causes

Finland

7

Artificial areas

Arable land &

permanent crops11%

Pastures & mosaics

1%

Forested land82%

Open spaces / bare soils

0.3%

Wetlands5%

Water bodies

1%

7.21. Consumption by artificial land take2006-2012 [% of total]

Disc. urban fabric16%

Industrial/commer.

15%

Road/rail network0.3%

Port areas2%

Airports0.1%Mineral

extraction27%

Dump sites18%

Construct.17%

Sport/leisure

5%

7.22. Formation by artificial land take2006-2012 [% of total]

0.41%

0.39%

0 1000 2000

2000-2006

2006-2012

7.23. Net formation of artificial area [ha/year, % of initial year]

-200 0 200 400 600

lcf11Urban development/ infilling(cons.)

lcf11Urban development/ infilling(form.)

lcf12 Recycling of developed urbanland (cons.)

lcf12 Recycling of developed urbanland (form.)

lcf13 Development of green urbanareas (cons.)

lcf13 Development of green urbanareas (form.)

lcf21 Urban dense residential sprawl

lcf22 Urban diffuse residential sprawl

lcf31 Sprawl of industrial &commercial sites

lcf32 Sprawl of transport networks

lcf33 Sprawl of harbours

lcf34 Sprawl of airports

lcf35 Sprawl of mines and quarryingareas

lcf36 Sprawl of dumpsites

lcf37 Construction

lcf38 Sprawl of sport and leisurefacilities (cons.)

lcf38 Sprawl of sport and leisurefacilities (form.)

lcf54 Conversion from developedareas to agriculture

lcf72 Forest creation, afforestation

lcf81 Water bodies creation

lcf911 Semi-natural creation

lcf913 Extension of water courses

lcf92 Forests and shrubs fires

lcf93 Coastal erosion

lcf99 Other changes and unknown(cons.)

lcf99 Other changes and unknown(form.)

7.24. Artificial development by change drivers(LC FLOWS) [ha/year]

2000-2006

2006-2012

Finland

8

Agriculture

Disc. urban fabric0.2%

Industr./ comm. 0,03% Dump

sites0.3%

Sport/leisure0.1%

Coniferous forest0.1%

Transition.woodland/

shrub81%

Beaches, dunes,

sand plains1%

Bare rock1%

Inland marshes

2%

Peatbogs11%

Salt marshes

2%

Water bodies0.1%

Sea and ocean1%

8.25. LC consumed by agriculture 2006-2012 [% of total]

Non-irrigated arable71%

Pastures23%

Agriculture with

natural veg.6%

8.26. Formation of agricultural land from non-agriculture 2006-2012 [% of total]


Fruit trees/berry plantations

0.1%

Pastures25%

Agriculture with

natural veg.18%

8.27. Consumption of agricultural landby non-agriculture 2006-2012 [% of total]


Industr/comm.

2%

Road/rail network0.1% Airports

0.1%

Mineral extraction

0.1% Dump sites0.2%

Construct.3%

Sport/leisure

2%

Broad-leaved forest0.1%


shrub56%

Bare rock4%

Inland marshes

0.3%

Peatbogs29%

Salt marshes

1%

8.28. Formation of non-agricultural landfrom agriculture 2006-2012 [% of total]

-1400 -700 0 700 1400

Conversion from forest toagriculture

Conversion from dry semi-natural & natural land to

agriculture

Conversion from wetlands toagriculture

Withdrawal of farming withwoodland creation

Withdrawal of farming withoutsignificant woodland creation

8.29. Main annual conversions between agriculture and forests & semi-natural land

2006-2012 [ha/year]

-1 0 1

Extension of pasture, set asideand fallow land

Conversion from pasture to arableand permanent crops

8.30. Mean annual conversion between arable land and pasture [ha/year]

2000-2006

2006-2012

Finland

9

0 1

lcf411 Uniform extension ofset aside fallow land and

pasture

lcf412 Diffuse extension of setaside fallow land and pasture

lcf421 Conversion from arableland to permanent irrigation

perimeters

lcf422 Other internalconversions of arable land

lcf431 Conversion from olivesgroves to vineyards and

orchards

lcf432 Conversion fromvineyards and orchards to

olive groves

lcf433 Other conversionsbetween vineyards and

orchards

lcf441 Conversion frompermanent crops topermanent irrigation

perimeters

lcf442 Conversion fromvineyards and orchards tonon-irrigated arable land

lcf443 Conversion from olivegroves to non-irrigated arable

land

lcf444 Diffuse conversionfrom permanent crops to

arable land

lcf451 Conversion from arableland to vineyards and

orchards

lcf452 Conversion from arableland to olive groves

lcf453 Diffuse conversionfrom arable land topermanent crops

lcf461 Conversion frompasture to permanentirrigation perimeters

lcf462 Intensive conversionfrom pasture to non-irrigatedarable land and permanent

crops

lcf463 Diffuse conversionfrom pasture to arable and

permanent crops

lcf47 Extension of agro-forestry

9.31. Mean annual agriculture internalconversions [ha/year]

2000-2006

2006-2012

-2000 0 2000 4000 6000

lcf13 Development of green urbanareas

lcf2 Urban residential sprawl

lcf3 Sprawl of economic sites andinfrastructures

lcf511 Intensive conversion fromforest to agriculture

lcf512 Diffuse conversion from forestto agriculture

lcf521 Intensive conversion fromsemi-natural land to agriculture

lcf522 Diffuse conversion from semi-natural land to agriculture

lcf523 Conversions from agriculture-nature mosaics to continuousagriculture (cont. agri. cons.)

lcf523 Conversions from agriculture-nature mosaics to continuousagriculture (cont. agri. form.)

lcf53 Conversion from wetlands toagriculture

lcf54 Conversion from developedareas to agriculture

lcf61 Withdrawal of farming withwoodland creation

lcf62 Withdrawal of farming withoutsignificant woodland creation


lcf913 Extension of water courses

lcf92 Forests and shrubs fires

lcf93 Coastal erosion

lcf99 Other changes and unknown(agri. cons.)

lcf99 Other changes and unknown(agri. form.)

9.32. Mean annual conversions between agricultureand other LC types [ha/year]

2000 - 2006

2006 - 2012

Finland

10

Forest & nature

Disc. urban fabric0.05%


Dump sites4%Sport/leisu

re0.02%


Fruit trees/berry plantations

0.1%

Pastures27%

Agriculture with

natural veg.19%

10.33. LC consumed by forest & nature2006-2012 [% of total]


Coniferous forest0,1% Mixed

forest1%


shrub63%

Bare rock5%

Inland marshes

0.4%

Peatbogs31%

Salt marshes

2%

10.34. Formation of forest & nature land from non-forest /nature 2006-2012

[% of total]


Coniferous forest29%

Mixed forest5%Transition.

woodland/ shrub54%

Beaches, dunes,

sand plains0.3%

Bare rock0.5%

Inland marshes

1%

Peatbogs8%

Salt marshes

1%

Water bodies0.1%

Sea and ocean1%

10.35. Consumption of forest & nature landby non-forest/nature 2006-2012 [% of

total]


Industrial/commer.

8%


Port areas1%

Mineral extraction

17%

Dump sites11%Construct.

9%

Sport/leisure

2%


Pastures10%

Agriculture with

natural veg.3%

10.36. Formation of non-forest/nature landfrom forest & nature 2006-2012 [% of total]

Broad-leaved forest3%

Conifer. forest58%

Mixed forest25%

Transit. woodland

shrub14%

10.37. Forested land 2012 [% of total area]

0 30000 60000

Consumption of forest land byurban sprawl

Conversion from forest toagriculture

Recent fellings and transitions

Withdrawal of farming withwoodland creation

Forest creation, afforestation

Conversion from transitionalwoodland to forests

Forest creation over wetlands

10.38. Main trends in woodland & forests consumption/formation 2006-2012

[ha/year]

Finland

11

Natural grass.2%

Moors and

heath.76%

Beaches, dunes

and sand plains0,1%

Bare rock17%

Sparsely vegetated areas

5%

11.39. Dry semi-natural areas 2012 [% of total area]

0 20 40 60 80 100

Consumption of dry semi-naturalland cover by urban sprawl

Conversion of semi-natural landcover to agriculture

Forest creation, afforestation overdry semi-natural land

Withdrawal of farming withoutwoodland creation

Decrease of permanent snow andglaciers

11.40. Main trends in dry semi-natural land consumption/formation 2006-2012

[ha/year]

Inland marshes

1%

Peatbogs40%

Salt marshes

0.3%Water

courses1%

Water bodies58%

Estuaries0.002%

11.41. Wetlands & water 2012[% of total area]

-200 0 200 400 600 800 1000

Consumption of wetlands byurban sprawl

Conversion of wetlands toagriculture

Forest creation and afforestationover wetlands

Withdrawal of farming withoutwoodland creation

Net water bodies creation

Net wetlands creation

11.42. Main trends in wetlands & water consumption/formation 2006-2012

[ha/year]

-80000 -40000 0 40000 80000

lcf13 Development of green urban areas


lcf3 Sprawl of economic sites and infrastructures

lcf511 Intensive conversion from forest to agriculture

lcf512 Diffuse conversion from forest to agriculture

lcf61 Withdrawal of farming with woodland creation

lcf71 Conversion from transitional woodland to forest (cons.)

lcf71 Conversion from transitional woodland to forest (form.)


lcf73 Forests internal conversions (cons.)

lcf73 Forests internal conversions (form.)

lcf74 Recent felling and transition (cons.)

lcf74 Recent felling and transition (form.)

lcf8 Water bodies creation and management

lcf9 Changes of land cover due to natural and multiple causes (cons.)

lcf9 Changes of land cover due to natural and multiple causes (form.)

11.43. Mean annual conversions of forest & other woodland[ha/year]

2000-2006

2006-2012

Finland

12

-20 0 20 40 60 80 100




lcf521 Intensive conversion from semi-natural land to agriculture

lcf522 Diffuse conversion from semi-natural land to agriculture

lcf523 Conversions from agriculture-nature mosaics to continuous…

lcf62 Withdrawal of farming without significant woodland creation


lcf74 Recent felling and transition

lcf8 Water bodies creation and management

lcf82 Water bodies management

lcf911 Semi-natural creation (form.)

lcf912 Semi-natural rotation (cons.)

lcf912 Semi-natural rotation (form.)

lcf913 Extension of water courses (cons.)

lcf92 Forests and shrubs fires (cons.)

lcf92 Forests and shrubs fires (form.)

lcf93 Coastal erosion (cons.)

lcf94 Decrease in permanent snow and glaciers cover (cons.)

lcf94 Decrease in permanent snow and glaciers cover (form.)

lcf99 Other changes and unknown (cons.)

lcf99 Other changes and unknown (form.)

12.44. Mean annual conversions of dry semi-natural LC [ha/year]

2000-2006

2006-2012

-3600 -3000 -2400 -1800 -1200 -600 0 600 1200




lcf53 Conversion from wetlands to agriculture

lcf62 Withdrawal of farming without significant woodland creation


lcf8 Water bodies creation and management (cons.)


lcf9 Changes of land cover due to natural and multiple causes (otherthan LCF91)

lcf9 Changes of land cover due to natural and multiple causes (otherthan LCF912)

lcf911 Semi-natural creation (form.)

lcf912 Semi-natural rotation (cons.)

lcf912 Semi-natural rotation (form.)

lcf913 Extension of water courses (form.)

12.45. Mean annual conversions of wetlands and water LC [ha/year]

2000-2006

2006-2012

Finland

13

CLC Changes 2006-2012

CLC Changes 2000-2006

Finland

14

Drivers of change 2006-2012

Drivers of change 2000-2006

Finland

15

Artificial sprawl 2006-2012

Artificial sprawl 2000-2006

Finland

16

Agriculture 2006-2012

Agriculture 2000-2006

Finland

17

Forest and nature 2006-2012

Forest and nature 2000-2006

finland - european environment agency · the urban sprawl rate in finland is slightly above...

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