FIQH of WORSHIP SERIESHAMOOD ALEEM

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ISLAMIC JURISPRUDENCE FOLLOWING ONE OF THE FOUR SCHOOLS OF THOUGHT

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FIQH AL-IMAM KEY PROOFS IN HANAFI FIQH

INTRODUCTIONFIQ110 – FIQH OF WORSHIP I (PURIFICATION)

INTRODUCTORY CONCEPTS LEGAL TERMINOLOGY IN THE SHARI’AH

فرض

واجب

Fard

Obligatory, established with absolute proof, to deny is disbelief (kufr),

divided into (1) fard ayn, (2) fard kifayah

Necessary, to deny is not kufr but incurs sin

if left out

Wajib

سنة

مستحب

Sunnah Mu’akkadah

Constant practice of the Prophet (s),

habitually leaving incurs sin

Practice of the Prophet (s), to perform incurs reward, leaving

does not incur sin

Mustahabb Sunnah Ghayr Mu’akkadah

مباح

مكروه

Mubah

Permissible, performing it incurs no

reward or sin

Undesirable, divided into two types (1)

tahrimi and (2) tanzihi

Makruh

حرام

Haram

Unlawful, established with absolute proof,

opposite of fard``````

`

Lawful, actions or things for which there

is no prohibition

Halal

حالل

TAHARAH or PURIFICATION MEANING AND TYPES

Wudu Ritual ablution

Taharah literally means “cleanliness”. In the Shari’ah (Islamic Law), it means purification from ritual or physical impurities, and purification that is specific with the salat (prayer). From the conditions of salat is for the body to be pure from ritual (hadath) and physical (khabath) impurities.

Ghusl Ritual bath

Tayammum Dry ablution

(Purity from) Najasah Physical impurity

H

H

H

K

WUDUFIQ110 – FIQH OF WORSHIP I (PURIFICATION)

“

”

إن أمتي يدعون يوم القيامة غرا

محجلني من آثار الوضوء، فمن

استطاع منكم أن يطيل غرته

فليفعل

VIRTUES OF WUDU HADITH

On the Day of Qiyamah my ummah will be called 'those with white blazes on their foreheads and limbs'

from the effects of wudu'. So whoever of you can

increase the extent of the whiteness, should do so.

Sahih Bukhari

Al-ghurr al-muhajjalun: Those having a whiteness on the

forehead, hands and feet (on the Day of Qiyamah) from the effects

of wudu.

“

”

إذا توضأ العبد املسلم - أو املؤمن - فغسل وجهه خرج

من وجهه كل خطيئة نظر إليها بعينيه مع املاء - أو مع

آخر قطر املاء - فإذا غسل يديه خرج من يديه كل خطيئة

كان بطشتها يداه مع املاء - أو مع آخر قطر املاء - فإذا

غسل رجليه خرجت كل خطيئة مشتها رجاله مع املاء -

أو مع آخر قطر املاء - حتى يخرج نقيا من الذنوب

VIRTUES OF WUDU HADITH

When the Muslim - or believing - slave does wudu' and washes his face, every wrong thing at which his eyes have looked leaves with the water - or with the last drop of water. When he washes his

hands, every wrong thing which his hands have touched leaves with the water - or with the last drop of water. When he washes his feet. every wrong thing to which his feet have walked

leaves with the water – or with the last drop of water, until he

emerges cleansed of sins.

Sahih Muslim

غسل Wash

مسح Wipe

Washing entire limb

Dripping required, rubbing is preferred

Running a wet hand

FUNDAMENTALS OF WUDU KEY CONCEPTS

Wudu means to purify oneself. In the Shari’ah (Islamic Law), it means to wash and wipe specific limbs. Some limbs are washed, some are wiped. What is the difference? How is washing and wiping defined?

METHOD OF WUDU ACCORDING TO THE SUNNAH

Preparing for Wudu

Washing the hands and face

Wiping the head

Washing the feet

METHOD OF WUDU ACCORDING TO THE SUNNAH

Preparing for Wudu

• Make Niyyah (Inten_on) • Recite Bismillah

METHOD OF WUDU ACCORDING TO THE SUNNAH

Washing the hands and face

• Wash hands up to the wrists three _mes • Rinse mouth three _mes, use miswak (if not fas_ng, gargle as well during rinse) • Enter water into nose thoroughly three _mes • Wash face three _mes, perform khilal of the beard • Wash forearms up to and including the elbows three _mes (right first then leb) • Perform khilal of the fingers, ensure water reaches beneath watch, rings, bracelets by moving

them about

METHOD OF WUDU ACCORDING TO THE SUNNAH

Wiping the head

• With fresh water, wet hand and wipe en_re head from front to back • Without taking any new water:

• Using the index finger wipe the inside por_on of the ear • Using the thumb wipe the outside por_on of the ear • Using the back of the fingers, wipe the nape (back of the neck)

METHOD OF WUDU ACCORDING TO THE SUNNAH

Washing the feet

• Wash the feet up to and including the ankles three _mes (right first then leb) • Perform khilal of the toes with the leb hand’s lidle finger

Note: Recite masnun du’as throughout + at the end

ACTIONS OF WUDU FOUR TYPES

Actions of Wudu

✓ ✓

Farā’id Obligatory Actions of

Wudu

Sunnahs Sunnah Actions

of Wudu

Ādāb Mustahabb

Actions Etiquette of

Wudu

Makrūhāt Disliked

Actions of Wudu

✗✓

FARĀ’ID OF WUDU OBLIGATORY ACTIONS OF THE RITUAL ABLUTION

يا أيها الذين آمنوا إذا قمتم إلى الصالة فاغسلوا وجوهكم وأيديكم إلى املرافق

وامسحوا برءوسكم وأرجلكم إلى الكعبني O you who have believed, when you rise to [perform] prayer, wash your faces and your

forearms to the elbows and wipe over your heads and wash your feet to the ankles. (5:6)

1. Face (top of forehead to bodom of chin, earlobe to earlobe) 2. Hands up to and including elbows 3. One-fourth of the head (wiping) 4. Feet up to and including the ankles

SUNNAHS OF WUDU SUNNAH ACTIONS OF THE RITUAL ABLUTION

1. Making niyyah (inten_on) 2. Reci_ng bismillah 3. Washing hands up to wrists 4. Rinsing mouth 5. Rinsing nose 6. Using the miswak 7. Wiping en_re head 8. Washing every limb three _mes 9. Wiping the ears together 10. Performing Khilal of the fingers and toes 11. Performing khilal of the beard 12. Performing the wudu in order 13. Performing a con_nous wudu, i.e., wash/wipe limbs before the preceeding one dries

ĀDĀB OF WUDU ETIQUETTE OF THE RITUAL ABLUTION

1. Star_ng with the right limb first before the leb 2. Wiping the nape (back of the neck) 3. Sipng in a raised place 4. Facing the Qibla 5. Avoiding water from wudu to splash one’s clothes/body 6. Reci_ng bismillah, masnun du’as, the tes_mony of faith and salawat upon washing/wiping each limb

(Note: reci_ng only one of these is also acceptable) 7. During rinsing one’s mouth and nose, using the right hand for water and using the leb for cleaning

the nose 8. Moving about one’s watch, ring, bracelet, etc. even if it is loose to allow for water to reach in

5. Avoiding water from wudu to splash one’s clothes/body 6. Reci_ng bismillah, masnun du’as, the tes_mony of faith and salawat upon washing/wiping each limb

(Note: reci_ng only one of these is also acceptable) 7. During rinsing one’s mouth and nose, using the right hand for water and using the leb for cleaning

the nose 8. Moving about one’s watch, ring, bracelet, etc. even if it is loose to allow for water to reach in 9. Rubbing the limbs during washing 10. Star_ng with the _ps of the fingers and toes when washing hands and feet (sunnah) 11. Star_ng with the front of the head when wiping (sunnah) 12. Rubbing the feet with one’s leb hand while pouring water over them 13. Drinking leb over wudu water while standing up (if one has used a container for wudu) 14. Recite tes_mony of faith + masnun du’a upon comple_on of wudu 15. Performing two rak’ahs tahiyyat al-wudu 16. Preparing ahead by performing wudu before each salat 17. Refreshing the wudu for each salat

Note: Some men_on mustahabb (preferred) ac_ons separate from ādāb (e_quede) but these are interchangeable terms referring to ac_ons that if done are rewarded and if leb out, there is no blame in leaving them out.

ĀDĀB OF WUDU ETIQUETTE OF THE RITUAL ABLUTION

MAKRŪHĀT OF WUDU DISLIKED ACTIONS OF THE RITUAL ABLUTION

1. Without need, using someone’s help in performing wudu 2. Speaking without need about worldly maders 3. Israf (was_ng) of water 4. Using too lidle water when washing 5. Washing limbs more than three _mes 6. Striking the face with water when washing the face 7. Tightly closing the eyes or mouth when washing the face 8. Perfoming wudu again before one has invalidated it or performed an act of worship

TYPES OF WUDU DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MINOR AND MAJOR RITUAL IMPURITY

الحدث االصغر Minor Ritual

Impurity

الحدث االكبرMajor Ritual

Impurity

Lifted by Wudu Lifted by Ghusl

Janabah

Hayd / Nifas

TYPES OF WUDU THREE TYPES

Types of Wudu

Fard Wajib Mustahabb

TYPES OF WUDU THREE TYPES

1. Salat (including sunnahs, nawafil, janazah salat, etc.) 2. Sajadah al-Tilawah 3. Touching the Qur’an or ayahs of the Qur’an on a non-mushaf

Fard Wudu

1. Tawaf

Wajib Wudu

1. For sleeping* 2. Beginning ghusl* 3. Aber waking up 4. Touching a book of fiqh, hadith, aqidah, etc. -any revered text 5. Renewing wudu for another salat 6. To avoid ikh_laf of ‘ulama: aber touching a woman or one’s genitalia 7. Aber every sin 8. Aber laughing out loud outside of the salat

Mustahabb Wudu

Types of Wudu

THINGS THAT INVALIDATE THE WUDU NULLIFIERS OF THE ABLUTION

1. Anything that exits the two openings (penis/vagina and anus) 2. When the erect penis and vagina come into contact without a thick barrier 3. Any najasah (blood, pus, etc.) that flows from other than the two openings 4. Vomi_ng a mouthful 5. Sleeping in a posi_on in which the budocks are not firmly planted 6. Loss of consciousness 7. Insanity 8. Drunkenness and being “high” 9. Laughing out loud during salat

Which actions or things invalidate one’s wudu?

CONTEMPORARY ISSUES IN WUDU

Ar=ficial limbs (prosthe=cs), ar=ficial teeth (crowns, implants, fillings), and ar=ficial hair (wigs)

If permanent: does not need to be removed If temporary and comes off easily: needs to be removed

Creams, make-up, nail polish, paint and ink

Anything which forms a layer which prevents water from reaching inside will need to be removed

Qur’an on phones and tablets

Touching ayahs without wudu not permissible even on screens but touching device without wudu is permissible