fir & sub-mm astronomy comes of age herschel space observatory observing opportunities
DESCRIPTION
FIR & Sub-mm Astronomy comes of age Herschel Space Observatory Observing Opportunities. Mattia Vaccari - University of Padova Alberto Franceschini & Giulia Rodighiero Thanks also to Carol, Jim, Matt, Michael, Seb & all the ISOCAM, ELAIS, SHADES, SWIRE, SPIRE & SCUBA2 folks. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: FIR & Sub-mm Astronomy comes of age Herschel Space Observatory Observing Opportunities](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012913/56812b52550346895d8f7453/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
AstroPizza16 Jan 2008
HerschelMattia Vaccari
FIR & Sub-mm Astronomy comes of age
Herschel Space Observatory
Observing Opportunities
Mattia Vaccari - University of PadovaAlberto Franceschini & Giulia Rodighiero
Thanks also to Carol, Jim, Matt, Michael, Seb & all the
ISOCAM, ELAIS, SHADES, SWIRE, SPIRE & SCUBA2 folks
![Page 2: FIR & Sub-mm Astronomy comes of age Herschel Space Observatory Observing Opportunities](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012913/56812b52550346895d8f7453/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
AstroPizza16 Jan 2008
HerschelMattia Vaccari
UV/Opt/NIR FIR/Sub-mm
Sky
Bri
gh
tnes
s
(n
W/m
2/s
r)
1 10 100 1000
100
1000
10
1
Wavelength [m]
The FIR & Sub-mm Universe
![Page 3: FIR & Sub-mm Astronomy comes of age Herschel Space Observatory Observing Opportunities](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012913/56812b52550346895d8f7453/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
AstroPizza16 Jan 2008
HerschelMattia Vaccari
The effects of dust extinction andthe degeneracy of optical observables
Degeneracy is old-fashioned
Time for panchromatic SEDs
Sanders & Mirabel 1996
Lagache et al 2005
![Page 4: FIR & Sub-mm Astronomy comes of age Herschel Space Observatory Observing Opportunities](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012913/56812b52550346895d8f7453/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
AstroPizza16 Jan 2008
HerschelMattia Vaccari
The integrated background light in the far-infrared and sub-millimeter region of the spectrum is approximately equal to the integrated background light in the optical and UV part of the
spectrum. To develop a complete understanding of galaxy formation, this background light must be resolved into galaxies and their physical properties must be characterized.
The Cosmic Infrared BackgroundResolved Into Discrete Sources
![Page 5: FIR & Sub-mm Astronomy comes of age Herschel Space Observatory Observing Opportunities](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012913/56812b52550346895d8f7453/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
AstroPizza16 Jan 2008
HerschelMattia Vaccari
PWV = 1.0 mmPWV = 0.5 mmPWV = 0.2 mmPWV = 0.1 mm
PWV ~ Chajnantor 30%
PWV ~ Dome C 30%
Minier et al 2007
Into Thin Air : FIR & Sub-mm Atmospheric Transmission vs Precipitable Water Vapor
Lower atmospheric transmission is generally coupled with higher (sky &
instrumental) background and temporal variability
![Page 6: FIR & Sub-mm Astronomy comes of age Herschel Space Observatory Observing Opportunities](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012913/56812b52550346895d8f7453/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
AstroPizza16 Jan 2008
HerschelMattia Vaccari
Herschel is an ESA cornerstone mission– spacecraft, launch (scheduled for 31 Oct 2008) and operations provided by ESA – instruments ‘nationally’ funded with international collaborators
Herschel is the first space facility to completely cover this part of the far infrared and submillimeter (60 - 670 m) range– large (3.5 m) aperture, low emissivity (~5%), passively cooled (70-90 K) telescope– cryogenically cooled focal plane science instruments with >3 years lifetime– total absence of atmospheric absorption and emission– full spectral access with low and stable background
Herschel has unique and complementary characteristics– first 4-m class space telescope ever, has much larger aperture than missions with
cryogenically cooled telescopes (IRAS, ISO, Spitzer, Akari,…)– larger & colder aperture, better ‘site’, and more observing time than balloon- and
air-born instruments (~1000 SOFIA flights per year)– larger field of view than interferometers
PACS - PI : Albrecht Poglitsch, MPE, Garching, Germany– imaging photometry and spectroscopy over 57-210 m
SPIRE - PI : Matt Griffin, Univerity of Wales, Cardiff, London, United Kingdom– imaging photometry and spectroscopy over 200-670 m
HIFI - PI : Thijs de Graauw, SRON, Groningen, The Netherlands– very high resolution spectroscopy over 480-1250 and 1410-1910 GHz (157-625 m)
The Herschel Mission
![Page 7: FIR & Sub-mm Astronomy comes of age Herschel Space Observatory Observing Opportunities](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012913/56812b52550346895d8f7453/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
AstroPizza16 Jan 2008
HerschelMattia Vaccari
The Actual Spacecraft
Launch : 31 Oct 2008
![Page 8: FIR & Sub-mm Astronomy comes of age Herschel Space Observatory Observing Opportunities](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012913/56812b52550346895d8f7453/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
AstroPizza16 Jan 2008
HerschelMattia Vaccari
Study the formation and evolution of galaxies in the early universe– how and when did galaxies form?– is there an unknown population of high-z IR galaxies?– star formation rates? bolometric luminosities? – Starburst vs AGN fraction?– ‘connect’ near-IR and sub-mm galaxies
Study the formation of stars and physics of the interstellar medium– how do stars form out of the interstellar medium?– circulation/enrichment of the interstellar medium - astrochemistry– detailed studies of nearby (resolvable) galaxies - templates
Study cometary, planetary, and satellite atmospheres– history of the solar system– pristine material in comets– important water lines
Herschel Main Science ObjectivesThe Young & Cold & Dusty Universe
![Page 9: FIR & Sub-mm Astronomy comes of age Herschel Space Observatory Observing Opportunities](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012913/56812b52550346895d8f7453/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
AstroPizza16 Jan 2008
HerschelMattia Vaccari
PACS
![Page 10: FIR & Sub-mm Astronomy comes of age Herschel Space Observatory Observing Opportunities](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012913/56812b52550346895d8f7453/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
AstroPizza16 Jan 2008
HerschelMattia Vaccari
• 3-band Imaging Photometer
- 250, 360, 520 m (simultaneous)
- ~ 3
- 4 x 8 arcmin field of view
- Diffraction limited beams(17, 24, 35”)
• Imaging Fourier Transform Spectrometer
- 200 - 670 m (complete range covered simultaneously)
- 2.6 arcmin field of view
- = 0.04 cm-1 ( ~ 20 - 1000 at 250 m)
SPIRE Observing Capabilities
![Page 11: FIR & Sub-mm Astronomy comes of age Herschel Space Observatory Observing Opportunities](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012913/56812b52550346895d8f7453/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
AstroPizza16 Jan 2008
HerschelMattia Vaccari
SPIRE Detector Arrays
200 – 325 m37 detectors
315 – 670 m 19 detectors
Spectrometer
8 ar
cmin
Photometer500 m
43 detectors350 m
88 detectors
4 arcmin
Sets of detectors with exactly overlapping beams on the sky
250 m139 detectors
Beam FWHM
![Page 12: FIR & Sub-mm Astronomy comes of age Herschel Space Observatory Observing Opportunities](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012913/56812b52550346895d8f7453/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
AstroPizza16 Jan 2008
HerschelMattia Vaccari
Herschel AO Schedule (31 Oct 2008 Launch)
Overall (3-yr Baseline Mission) Observing Time Breakdown : ~ 1000 days ~ 20000 hrsGuaranteed Time (GT) = 32% & Open Time (OT) = 68%
GT = 30% each to 3 PIs, 7% to HSC, 3% divided between 5 Mission Scientists
Commissioning, Performance Verification & Science Demonstration L - L+6m Routine Science Operations L+6m - L+42
m
GT & OT Key Projects AO Issue 01 Feb 2007 GT Key Projects Proposal AO Deadline 05 Apr 2007 (~ 5000 hr) GT Key Projects Results Announcement 05 Jul 2007 OT Key Projects Proposal AO Deadline 25 Oct 2007 (~ 5500 hr) OT Key Projects Results Announcement 28 Feb 2008 GT & OT Cycle 1 Projects AO Issue 28 Feb 2008 GT Cycle 1 Projects Proposal AO Deadline 03 Apr 2008 (~ 1000 hr) GT Cycle 1 Projects Results Announcement 05 Jun 2008 OT Cycle 1 Projects AO Deadline Late 2008 (~ 5000 hr) GT & OT Cycle 2 Projects AO Deadline Late 2009 (~ 500 hr + 3000 hr) Extra Time (0.5 yr “expected” extended mission) Later (~ 3000 hr)
![Page 13: FIR & Sub-mm Astronomy comes of age Herschel Space Observatory Observing Opportunities](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012913/56812b52550346895d8f7453/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
AstroPizza16 Jan 2008
HerschelMattia Vaccari
University– Alberto Franceschini : SPIRE Co-I– Giulia Rodighiero : PACS High-z Science Consortium Member– Mattia Vaccari : SPIRE Associate Scientist & ICC Scientist– Gabriele Mainetti : newly hired PhD student
Observatory– Gianfranco De Zotti : SPIRE Consultant– Pasquale Panuzzo (2003-2006) : SPIRE ICC Scientist
Main focus is on high-z galaxy studies through a coordinated program of PACS GT (PEP) and SPIRE GT (HERMES) surveys and on the PACS & SPIRE Instrument Control Centers (ICCs)
PEP + HERMES ~ 1500 hr and arguably the largest single space astronomy project ever (at a very reasonable 50,000 Euros/hr)
Padova Involvement
![Page 14: FIR & Sub-mm Astronomy comes of age Herschel Space Observatory Observing Opportunities](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012913/56812b52550346895d8f7453/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
AstroPizza16 Jan 2008
HerschelMattia Vaccari
Where do we go from here?
Herschel will launch on 31 Oct 2008 but in the meantime– EARA Herschel WorkShop (18-19 Feb @ IAP)
– ASI/INAF Herschel Open Time WorkShop (10-12 Mar @ ASI)
– Open Time AO Issue & Deadline expected in March & Late 2008
Look up info & watch out for updates at http://herschel.esac.esa.int
Note that SCUBA2@JCMT (450/850 m) and AZTEC@LMT (1.1 mm) are also coming online sometime over the next year or so
Well, looking forward to launch…