fire extinguisher training (eqip)

7/27/2019 Fire Extinguisher Training (EQIP)

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Fire Extinguisher Training

Community Services

Employee Qualification Improvement Program (EQIP)

FIRE EXTINGUISHER TRAINING3RD QUARTER 2010 – V. 2.0



After this course you will be

• Aware of what causes a fire

•Familiar with the different types of fire

extinguishers and what fires they will put out•Know what to do when a fire is discovered

•Capable of using your new knowledge in

other areas of your life



A Fire’s Destructive Power

It’s much easier to put

out a small fire rather

than deal with a largeinferno, but you must act

quickly because a fire

can destroy a home or building and all of its

contents in just a matter

of minutes.



The Fire Triangle

For something to catch fire there

must be all of the following present:

1. Oxygen (air)

2. Fuel

3. Heat



The Fire Triangle

Take away any

one of these

elements andthe fire will go

out



A Fire Sequence (part 1)

Something heats the fuel to its ignition

temperature so it begins to burn (a

match, friction, lightning, something elsethat is already burning...)



A Fire Sequence (part 2)

The heat from the flame keeps the fuel

hot enough that it continues to burn.



Burning

As long as there is fuel

and oxygen to keep

things burning, the firewill continue to burn

forever.



The Release of Gas

Heat or flames can

ignite combustible

gases in fuel, creatingexplosions which

causes the fire to

spread over a much

wider area withinseconds.



Fuel Shape

The Size and Shape of

the fuel can also affect

how easily it will catch fire. A match will catch fire

much easier than a solid

wooden cube because thematch stick is much

thinner and will heat up

much quicker.



FIRE SPREADS THREE WAYS

1. CONVECTION

2. RADIATION

3. CONDUCTION



Convection

The fire heats the

air, which rises to

the ceiling. The

ceiling forces the

warm air down,

which heats up the

entire room to thepoint where

everything that will

burn catches on

fire. Creates a fast moving fire



The fire moves

out from the center

to all areas. Thingsthat will catch fire

easily begin to

burn first,

eventually heatingup other things

that take longer to

burn that are close

by

RADIATION

Creates a medium moving fire



Creates a slow moving fire

CONDUCTION

The fire heats up

an object that

conducts heat(such as a metal

wall). The wall

gets so hot that

any flammableitems against the

wall catch fire.



The Different Types of Fire



Fuels are placed into

4 different categories

A, B, D,C,



Flammable liquids — gasoline, oil,

grease, acetone, paint thinners —

includes flammable gases

Class ‘B’ Fuels



Electrical — any electrical

item that is ―plugged in‖

Class ‘C’ Fuels



Metals like those in cars

Class ‘D’ Fuels



Fuels are placed into

4 different categories

Because there are so many different types of

fires you may need different extinguishing

agents other than water.



What Fire Extinguishers Do

Of the three elements

that a fire needs to

survive, fireextinguishers

eliminate extreme

heat or oxygen.Without heat or

oxygen, the fire will

go out.



Inside an Extinguisher

A typical extinguisher is a

pressurized tank that has a

long tube that brings fire

retardant from the bottom up to

the top and out a hose.

The tank is filled with water,

dry chemicals, or compressedgas such as liquid carbon

dioxide.



Hold Down the Handle

When you press

down the operating

lever, it pushes on a

rod, which opens up

the release valve on

the cylinder .



Fire Extinguishers

When the lever at the top

is depressed, the

pressurized contentsinside rapidly shoots out

like paint from a spray

can.



Pressure Gauges

Most fire extinguishers have

built-in pressure gauges at

the top.If the indicator needle points

to "recharge," the pressure

in the extinguisher is too low

to force out the contents.



How to use Fire Extinguishers



Using an Extinguisher

To use the

extinguisher, first pull

out the safety pin at

the top to release thehandle.




It’s easy to remember howto use a fire extinguisher if

you remember the wordP.A.S.S

Pull Aim

Squeeze

Sweep




Aim at the base of the fire so you

spray directly at the fuel

If you aim

up at the

flames...

… the extinguishing agent will fly

right through and do no good




Start using the extinguisher

from a safe distance away,

then slowly move forward

Make sure you are

upwind of the flames and

smoke so they don’t

choke or burn you.




Start using the extinguisher

from a safe distance away,

then slowly move forward

Once the fire is out, keep a watch

on the area in case it re-ignites



The Different Types of

Extinguishers



Why are there so many different

extinguishers?

There are many different types of

extinguishers because water is

only good for type “A” fires.

Water extinguishers will not work

on flammable liquid fires because

cold water hitting hot oil will cause

an explosion and make the fire

spread in less than a second




extinguishers?

If water

extinguishers are

used on an electricalfire, the water can

conduct the current

and electrocute you.




extinguishers?

Metal fires are so hot

that they can burn a hole

right through a car'sengine block and if you

spray the burning metal

with water, it could

explode like a grenade,

killing you instantly!



Fuel Classifications

Most fire extinguishers have a labeltelling you what types of fire theextinguisher is designed to fight

For example, a simple water extinguishermight have a label like this…

…which means it should only be used on

Class ―A‖ fires



Extinguisher Ratings

To make selection

easier, fire

extinguishers arerated Alphabetically

by the type of fire

they can put out.



Class ‘A’ Extinguisher

Class A

extinguishers canput out fires from

"ordinary

combustibles"

such as wood,plastic or paper.



Class ‘B’ Extinguisher

Class B usescarbon dioxide

and can put out

burning liquids

such as gasolineor grease.

Carbon Dioxide Type



Carbon Dioxide

When the carbon dioxide container is

opened, it expands to form a gas which

removes the oxygen around the burningfuel. This sort of fire extinguisher is very

good for putting out oil and electrical fires

and is essential in any kitchen.



Class ‘C’ Extinguisher

Foam Type

Class C drychemical

extinguishers can

put out electrical

fires.



Extinguishing agents:

Dry Chemical

Dry chemical extinguishers contain foam

or powder that quickly heats up when

released onto an electrical fire, releasingcarbon dioxide which gets rid of the

oxygen, a key element in the burning

process.



Class ‘A,B,C’ Extinguisher

Extinguishers marked

A, B and C can put

out all types of fires…except one!



Class ‘D’ Extinguisher

ABC extinguishers put out most fires

with carbon dioxide, while class D

extinguishers put out metal fires using

powdered sodium chloride (regular

table salt) to smother the flames.

Metal fires are rare, so you probablywon’t come across these types of

extinguishers very often.



Fire Fighting Rules

Know what is burning. If you

don’t know what’s burning,

you won’t know what kind of extinguisher to use.



Car Fires Can Involve Class

“A” “B” “C” “D”



Even if you have an

ABC fire

extinguisher, theremay be something in

the fire that is going

to explode or

produce toxicfumes.

Fire Fighting Rules



So if you really don’t know what type of

fuel is burning let the Fire Protection

Department handle it.

Fire Fighting Rules



A Means of Escape

Always place yourself

with an exit or means

of escape at your backbefore you attempt to

use an extinguisher.

You don’t want to become trapped if

the fire extinguisher runs out or

malfunctions!



The time to use an extinguisher is at

the beginning stages of the fire.

Don’t try and use a fire extinguisherif the fire is too large for the

extinguisher to put the fire out.

Fire Fighting Rules



Limited Use

Fire extinguishers contain only a smallamount of fire-suppressant material that

can be used up in seconds. This makes

them only effective in putting out relativelysmall fires.

To put out larger fires, you need to bring in

fire professionals.



Discovering a large fire



Alert People of the Fire

Pull the fire alarm

Call 110Keep calm – don’t panic



Evacuation

The fire alarm will notify the fire department

and building occupants so they can

escape.



Evacuation

If you can do it without risk to yourself, assist

any person that is in danger to safety.



If the fire is

spreading

quickly orbecomes

too large,

simplyleave the

building.

Fire Fighting Rules



This is what it

looks like when

the smoke gets sothick you can’t

see



As you leave a

burning building,

close doors andwindows behind

you.

This will help to

slow the spread of

the smoke and fire.

Fire Fighting Rules



What Should You Do?



What Should You Do?

You should:

A: Call 110 and leave the

buildingB: Go get an extinguisher,

put out the fire and call

110

Someone throws a cigarette into a trash bin

full of paper and you see smoke coming

from it.



What Should You Do?

You should:

A: Call 110 and leave the

buildingB: Go get an extinguisher,

put out the fire and call

110

You smell smoke and go into the office next

door. There you see a trash bin actually

on fire.



What Should You Do?

You smell smoke and find that an entire

room is on fire 5 offices down from you.

You should:

A: Call 110 close windows

and doors and leave

the buildingB: Go get an extinguisher,

put out the fire and

call 110



In Review



Fire Extinguishers

Even though fire

extinguishers may go

unused for years, they

could be invaluable in

saving property or even a

life.



Fire Extinguishers

Use them wisely and they could

save your life!

fire extinguisher training (eqip)

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