fire fight tac
TRANSCRIPT
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FIRE
P ROTECT ION MANUAL l
F I R E
PROTECTION MANUAL
P R E F A C E
The
First Edition of
this Manual w as
issued
by the
Calcutta Fire Insurance
Association
in
1906
an d was
brought up-to-date and re-issued in 1930.
T he
third, fo urth and fifth
Edit ions were
published
jointly
by the
Insurance Associations
of India
and Pakistan
in 194 8 , 195 0 and 195 3
respectively
to provide
for
the needs
of the whole of the areas controlled by these Associations. The
subsequent sixth,
seventh a nd e ig hth
Editions
were published by the Fire Sectional
Committees
of Calcutta, Bombay,
Delhi
and
Madras
Regional
Councils
of the Insurance Associations
of
India. In the ninth Edition published in 1982, a m en dm e nts an d add itio ns
were effected
to b ring th e
provisions
in line
with
current thinking
on fire
protection
techniques
and
to
encourage
installation
of fixed fire
extinguishing
appliances/alarm
systems
in relatively low hazard
risks orr
the
one
hand
and tighten requirements
for
design
of systems
suitable
for
high hazard
risks such
a s Petroleum
Refineries,
Petrochemical
and Fer ti li zer Plants
on
the o th er h an d, w h ic h
world-wide
experience
has indicated, need cop ious
quantities of water
and
other
extinguishing media. In the tenth,
eleventh
and
twelfth
editions
an
effort has
been
m a d e to further update and
streamline th e
regulations.
The Manual should prove
of value
to factory
owners
and their
technical
personnel when
dealing wi th
matters
relating to
fire
extinguishing
appliances and also constitute
a
handy
book
of
reference
to
Insurance officials.
The ma in tenance of fire extinguishing appliances in an efficient
state
and
familarisation with all
details
of
operations
is essential
if
the m ax im um benefit is
to be
derived in the
emergency
of an outbreak
of a
fire.
The
Manual
incorporates long experience of fire protection engineering both in Ind ia and elsewhere in the
wor ld . Compliance of the rules will not
only obta in
appropriate d iscount in the fire insurance premium bu t
will
also
ins ti ll that feeling of security tha t the presence of an eff ic ient f ire-fight ing equipment should prevent.
Direct
loss
from
fire
and
the
resultant
wastage
is
always serious
but
the
indirect
loss
and
the
resultant dislocation
of business
is often
much
more
serious.
The Reg iona l Offices of
Tariff
Advisory Comm it tee
maintain
an inspection
staff
of qualified engineers,
specialists
in fire protection
and prevention
engineering and practice in all its
aspects.
The services
of
th is staff are
available
to
make recommendations and
carry ou t
inspections in
keeping
with the
nature
of
work.
(All
references
to Regional Offices or
staff
thereof in this pre face and in the body of the
Manual apply to
the
Regional
Offices controlling the territory within which the risk
is situated).
‘*"“"“"
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2
F I R E
P R O T E C T I O N
MANUAL
The Manual
initially
deals
with portable appliances and small bore hose reels which are considered a s first-
aid appliances. The
regulations
regarding
t ra ile r pum ps are
covered
next. T he last part
is
devoted to
f ixed
external protection in
the
form of a hydrant system which is
considered the
backbone of
the
entire
fire
fighting
operations
as
it
fights
fires
of
serious
proportions
in
al l
classes
of
risks
and
continues to
do
so
even in the
event
of
a collapse of the buildings/structures protected. H ig h -r is e b uild in g s w h ic h have become
a c o m m o n
feature of modern society present inherent fire hazard as
fire
brigades
are
often helpless in the face of fires
in such structures an d
are
unable to
save
human lives an d fight
fires
e ffec tive ly w i th traditional methods.
A
separate section
has
therefore, been d ev ote d fo r
prescribing
th e s pe cia lis ed t yp e
of protection required
by
these structures.
In case
it
is desired
to
install any appliances which are no t covered by this Manual, assistance and ad vice
m ay
be
obta ined from
the
inspection
staff
m a in ta in ed by
the Reg io nal Offices.
Wherever reference to an y Indian Standard
appears in this Manual,
it
should be taken
as a
reference
to
its latest
version.
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F IRE PR OT E C T I ON MANUAL 3
TABLE OF CONTENTS Pg.No.
1 . Requ i rements
regarding
submission
of
plans
....................................................................................
..5
2 .
Procedure to be followed in
the
case of application
for
discounts
................................................
..
7
3. Inspection staff ....................... ....................................................................................................... .. 10
4 .
Internal appliances
4 .1 Hand
appliances
..................................................................................................................
.. 10
4.2 Small
bore
h os e re els
......................................................................................................
16
5. Mechanically driven fire engines and
trailer
pumps ....................................................................... . .
16
6. Hydrant protection
for
High Rise Buildings (Non-industrial)
.........................................................
..
18
7 .
Hydrant
service
.................................................................................................................................
..
23
7 .1 General
.................................................................................................................................
.. 2 3
7 .2 C lassifications
of
occupancies
.............................................................................................. .. 2 3
7 .3 Water supply ........................................................................................................................ . .
2 8
7.4
Pumps .................................................................................................................................
.. 29
7.4.1 General ..................................................................................................................... ..
29
7.4 .2 Steam
d riven pu m ps
...............................................................................................
. .
36
7.4 .3 Electrically
driven pumps
......................................................................................... .. 37
7.4 .4 Petrol or motor spirit
engine
driven pumps
........................................................
41
7.4 .5 Compression Ignition Engine
Driven Pumps
..........................................................
..
4 2
7 .5 Mains ' ........................................... .................................................................................... .. 46
'
7 .6
Hydrants/fixed
monitors
.......................................................................................................
..
5 0
7.7 Hose
pipes
and nozzles .... ................................................................................................. .. 56
7 .8 F oam com pounds
.................................................................................................................
..
58
7.9 Fire fighting personnel ......................................................................................................... .. 58
7.10
Maintenance
.....................................................
..,
..................................................................
. .
5 9
7.10.1 Pumps
......................................................................................................................
..59
7.10.2
Mains
........................................................................................................................ ..59
7.10.3 Hydrants ................................................................................................................... .. 60
7.10.4
Hose pipes
and
noules ....................................................................................
....
..
60
0
3
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4 F IRE PR OT E C T I ON
MANUAL
7.11 Measures to
be tak en
where
the installation
is for an y
reason
temporarily
inoperative
..
61
7 .12 S pecial prov is ions for Thermal /Gas based
power plants
...................................................
..
61
8. Hydrant protection of cotton
g in and
press factories
.................................................................... .. 62
8 .1 Reservoir ............................................................................................................................... .. 62
8 .2
Pumps
.................................................................................................................................
.. 62
8 .3 Mains
................................................................................................................................. ..
63
8.4 Hydrants
...............................................................................................................................
.. 63
8 .5
H ose pipes
and
nozzles ....................................................................................................... ..63
8 .6
Fire
fighting
staff
.................................................................................................................. ..
63
9. MUTUAL AID SCHEME
..................................................................................................................
.. 64
Tables
1. Effective capacity of reservoir
..........................................................................................................
.. 2 9
2 . Capacity for hydrant
service
............................................................................................................
..30
3.&3A. Size
of
pipe
mains
.............................................................................................................................48
Appendix
I'
Application for
fire
extinguishing
appliance(s)
discount
..................................................................
..
66
II Guarantee regarding fire
extinguishing
appliances .......................................................................... .. 67
III Details
of
f ire extinguishing appliances .................................................................................... .....
..
68
IV ‘ Certificate from
Insurer ’s Engineer ...................................................................................................
..
74
V Fire drill register
............................................................................................................................... ..
75
VI Water
pressure
table ......................................................................................................................... ..
76
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FIRE P ROTECT ION MANUAL 5
REQUIREMENTS REGARDING
SUBMISSION OF
PLANS
:
Plans
for
submission to
the
Commi t tee shall be
drawn
up in accordance
with th e following
requirements:— . .
P lans s hall
be clear,
contain all
required
details including scale an d point of Compass an d
shall be dated.
The
Polar
Geographical North is
also to be marked in the Key P lan.
Plans
of
ne w
installations shall
show
the
entire
Compound; a ll b uild in g s th er efn ,
with
their
door an d
window
opening s, and the
boundary
walls. Bui ld ings
under
c on st ru ct io n a nd fu tu re
ex tens ion env isaged, shall
be
indicated
by
dotted
lines.
Plans of ex tensions to
approved
existing
installations
need
not show
the
rest
of the
compound but suffic ient
details
shall be given
of
the existing instal lations
in correlation to the extension, to enable
the
Committee’s Inspection
Staff to check the
plans
and
offer comm ents. In case
of storeyed buildings,
drawings submi t ted
shall
include plans of each
story
together
with
sectional
elevat ions. The
locations and
details
of fire access staircases together with the arrangements of hydrants
on
their landings shall
also
be shown. Further,
a
Table showing
‘List
of Blocks’ protected
a s per
committee’s Rules
should be
given.
Material
:
Plans
shall
be on
White
paper
or Ammonia paper or
Fe r ro Prus sia te paper.
P lan s sh all generally be
prepared
in accordance
with
lS:696, shall not
exceed
850 x 1200
m m in s i z e and shall
be
d raw n to a scale 1:500 or 111000. In the case
of
very large compounds
with
m ore than one risk, it is advisable
to
submit
separate
plans for
each
risk with a k ey
showing the relative
situation
of
the various risk etc. in the com pound s.
Signs :
1.5.1
Pucca
walls
to be
shown by
double
lines,
doors and w ind ow s being
c lear ly marked.
1.5.2 Iron
or
other
non-masonry walls
to be
shown by
a
thin
line
and nature of
Construction
indicated.
'
.l.
WALL
1.5.3
Perfect
Party
Walls
to be indicated by the sign “T” at
each
end of
the
wall,
or have
the
letters
“PPW."
alongside
or across them
at
regular in te rvals an d m a rke d in
distinctive
colour.
i__
PPW.
D _ F _ p D _ PPW.
____________________
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F IRE PR OT E C T I ON MANUAL
1.5.4
1.5.5
N.B.
1.5.6
1.5.7
1.5.8
1.5.9
1.5.10
1.5.11
1.5.12
1.5.13
Fireproof doors and/or S h utte rs to be marked as fol lows
:
Single
Fireproof Door
and/or Shutter
S . F D .
Double Fireproof
Doors
and/or
Shutters D . F D .
Elevated fire
service
tanks to be sh ow n hatc he d and
their
capacity an d
height of base
abov e the
highest
roof to
be stated .
G.L.
In
case of
multipurpose elevated tanks, the capacity reserved
for
sprinkler
installation
to be indicated
instead
of
the total capacity.
S k y lights
to
be marked
“S k y L ig hts " or “ S.L. .
Boiler to be
show n by
a rectangular
figure
marked “Boiler”.
B O I L E R
Hydrant
Mains to be shown by
a
red line ; th e d iam e te r, le ng th an d number
of
pipes
being m a rk ed a lo ng s id e a nd specials and
reducers
to be c learly ind icated .
>
R
m . m . 0 L E N G T H S
O F
-m . E A C H
Hydrant
Heads to be shown by
red
circles
no t
l e s s than
3 m m in d iam e te r a nd m a rked
“S.H.”.
Double Hydrant to
be
indicated by double circles and marked “D.H.".
O
O O
S . H .
D . H .
Water Monitors
to be
shown by
a circle
with an
oblique
arrow
th rough it
and m a rk ed
‘WM’.
6
WM
Cut-off valves to be marked
/ drawn
across the m ains .
S.V.
Sprinkler an d
Hydrant
pumps
to be c le arly m a rk e d and the capacity and head to be
indicated in each case.
Pumpls) suction piping to be
shown dotted
and diameter indicated.
P U M P
+
R00“
m . m .
o S U C T I O N
P I P E
C
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F I R E PROTECTION
MANUAL
7
1.5.14
Surface f ir e serv ice Water tanks
an d reservoirs
to
be shown
to
scale and
average
depth
indicated. '
1.5.15
Sprinkler
trunk mains to be shown
by a
blue line, the sizes being
marked
alongside.
m . m . (Z ) S PK
MAIN
1.5.16
Fire
alarm bells to be shown
by
blue circles an d marked “F A
B ".
‘I;
F . A . B .
1.5.17
Sprinklered blocks
to be
m ark ed "S "
@
1.5.18 Oil,
solvent, ac id and other chemical
tanks
to
be
drawn
to
scale and suitably
marked.
1.5.19
Open
storage areas to be clearly
shown
by hatched outlines
and
marked
“Open
Storage
S ite for. ”
‘R a
V 0
‘.
.5.19
Electric
cable(s)
for the fire pump(s) to
be
shown
in green
line(s)
PROCEDURE
TO BE
FOLLOWED IN
THE
CASE OF APPLICATION FOR
DISCOUNTS
:
2 .0
2 .1
2.1.1
2.1.2
2.1.3
2.1.4
The sanction
of
discounts
off insurance: premiums
shall necessarily follow
consideration
by the
Regional Office (TAC)
of
all details of the ris k
including m anufacturing
processes
involved and
the protective appliances
to be
installed in ord er
to ensure that
the Standards
laid
down_have
been
fully
observed.
To
prevent confusion or disappointment,
definite rules fo r
procedure have
been
laid
down as follows:-
9 '
Proposals for
the
installation of
appliances
shall be
submitted
to the
Regional Office
(TAC)
by
the
Leading Office
on
the
risk
and shall
comprise
-
I
Material specifications
of
equipment
and
components
of
the
installation
indicating
the
name
of manufacturers, Standards/specifications and name
of
approv ing authori ty if any.
In
the
case of internal appliances
details
of
the areas
of
the
various compartments, their occupation
and
the quantities
and
types
of
appliances proposed. _
In the case of sprinkler and
hydrant
installation, ful ly dimensioned
plans
in duplicate
a s
called
for in Item 1 . ,
In
addition
to
the abo ve ,
the following
details
would be necessary in
the
case
of
hydrant
installation: '
a (I ) Drawings
showing layout of
the
entire
hydrant system incorporating
type
of
Joints,
details of Pump and its
Prime
Mover. Another Table giving
the details
of Sing le Headed
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F IRE
PR OT E C T I ON
-MANUAL
a
(I I )
a (Ill)
( b l
( C )
(d )
(e )
( f l
( Q )
(h )
2 .2
and Double H ea de d H yd ra nt s,
I nterna l Hydrants, F i re e scape
Hydrants, number of
Hose Pipes (15 M
an d 7 .5
M
length)
and Branch
Pipe
with nozzles including 10%
spares, m o d e of distribution of
those
pipe s and total
equivalent
number
of Hydrants
should be included.
There
should be a
Table
showing the percentag e of
various
Pipe
diameters
used
in the
system.
T y pic al S e ctio na l E l ev atio n Drawings showing
th e height,
dimensions etc. of
the s tand
post
for S i ng le H e ad e d
Hydrant,
D o ub le H ea de d Hydrant, Monitor Speci fy ing d ia
of nozzle,
Riser
Main an d
landing
valve of
Riser
Mains
of
F E H ,
Cut-off
v alv e c ha m be rs in Plan a nd E l ev a tio n
should be incorporated.
In case
of
Blocks hav ing upper floors,
separate
upper floor plans showing
the
location
Fire
Escape
Hydrants (F E H) and staircases, Sectional
Elevation
Drawings
of the
Escape
Staircase;
Riser
Main and location
of land ingva lve of
F E H should be submit ted, preferably a longwi th ,
civil
construction
(Architects)
drawing
of
Individual
Blocks.
N.B.
In the case of storeyed
blocks,
floor
area of each floor, with particulars of fire proof
shutters
of
Fire
Proof
Door
an d nearest Machinery,
Wired Glass Windows etc. to
be
marked.
L ay ou t o f
pump
house
showing
clearly the suction, delivery and priming (if any) arrangements
alongwith
full scale
Drawing of Pump, Motor,
D ie se l E n g in e,
D . G . Control Panel, MC C
for
Electric
Driven
Pumps,
Valv es , e tc .
Details of
water
storage tanks
giving
particular of compartmentation and
jackwell,
details of
inflow
and particu lars
of
tappings
for
other
purposes,
if
any;
with
Water Reservoi r
capacity,
R CC or Steel,
Lined
o r unlin ed , com b in ed
Process
Water or
Exclusive
Fire Water Reservoir
should
be given.
Sub-station
location
in relation
to
other
blocks if
the pump
is
electrically driven.
If
the substation
is
attached to
any o ther Bu ild ing, the details
of
segregation
from adjoining
Buildings,
indicating
Transformer
Room, L.T., H.T., Location of
change over switch,
D. G . Room
etc.
Plans
of
Sub-Station showing thickness of internal walls and equipment layout alongwi th single
line schematic diagram of
the
the pump from the
Main
substation to the
‘Fire
Pump
Room ’
alongwith Tapping,
Circuit Breakers
and Switch Fuse
Units.
Route of cable from Sub-Sta tion to tire pump house.
Schematic
circuit
line
d iagram showing
power
supply inside
the
Fire
Pump Room.
Legend
explaining the various
symbols
used should be
given.
Discounts will
be
considered
only if all hand
appliances
and their accessories
a s
well
a s
all
components
of
hydran t, spr ink le r and other fire
‘protection
systems
are of a type and make,
approved
by the
Tariff Advisory Committee.
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F I R E P R O T E C T I O N MANUAL 9
2 .3
2.4
2.5
2.6
N.B
2 .7
2 .8
2 .9
2.10
2.11
N o discounts will
be
considered for a
sprinkler
or hyd rant system
unless
the
same
has been
hydraulically tested
with
trenches open at least o nc e d u rin g the course of installation
by
th e
Committee’s Inspectorate, a nd fo und in order. Further,
site
engineer of th e Installing
contractor
should maintain
progress
record
w i th ‘protoco l’
duly
signed
by
representative of the c lien t and
him.
The prior submission of proposals to the Commit tee before
the
work is commenced , is essential,
to
ensure
that
the installation will conform to th e
Commit tee's requirements but
does not dispense
with
th e procedure laid
down
hereafter
for application
fo r
the sanction of discounts.
Application
for discounts shall be submitted on special forms provided
for the
purpose b y
th e Committee and shall c om p rise :
2 .5 .1 A pplication by the Leading Office (Appendix
I)
.
2.5.2
Guarantee
by
the Insured
(Appendix
ll)
2.5.3
Schedule
of Appliances
(Signed by Insured) (Appendix
I I I )
In every case,
a
plan of the premises prepared in accordance with the requi rements ind icated
in 1.1 to 1.5
shall
accompany any application
for
a discount for fire extinguishing appliances
and , in the
case of
sprinkler and/or hydrant instal lat ions, Install ing E ngineers’ detailed ‘A s Erected’
working drawings
are essent ia l.
A “Certificate of Completion" from
the
installing
Engineers’ stating the
pressure
tests to which
the installation(s) has been subjected and giving the date(s)
from
which
it was
in com p le te
working
order
should
also be submitted. Further,
Progress
Record
with
Protocol should
be
duly sig ned by C lient, I ns talling C ontractor and / or Project Consultants.
Even
in
the
c a s e of extensions to an existing service, a complete set of I O I T T I S and plants
d eta iled in 2 .5 and 2 .6 above shall be submitted.
Applications which relate to discounts for appliances other
than hydrants shall
also be accompanied
by a
plan
of the premises showing the layout and
distribution
of appliances.
N o
application
for discount
can
be
entertained
until
the _relative appliances
are
complete, in
position, ready for use and fully operative. A n appropriate
discount
or
allowance
will be sanctioned
by
the
Committee from
the date
of
the
completed application,
(in
accordance
with
2 .5
and
2 .6 above) subject to the appliances being found in
order
on inspect ion by the
Committee's
Inspectorate. In the event of the installation being
found
incomplete
or defective, the discount
will
be withheld (or
withdrawn
if already notified) until the defects have been rectified to the
satisfaction of
the
Committee.
N o allowance shall be
made for Fire
E xtinguishing Appliances until
not if ied by the
Committee
either
by
let ter or
circular, and
then,
with
effect
only
from
the date specified
in
such
notification.
Discounts
sanctioned
solely on
account
of installation of
internal
appliances will
be
valid fo r
a period
of
four years
only;
hence fresh applications, accompanied
by
the report of the
Engineers
of
the
Insurance Company
(as
per
Appendix
IV
)
shall
be
submit ted every
four years.
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2.12
Proposals
for the installation of
appliances not specifically covered
by these
rules
shall first
be
submit ted
to the Commit tee for approval. ~
2.13
Offices
and
the
insured are
requested not to change block numbers as this naturally affects
th e
Commit tee ’s
records
and
causes
confusion.
I f
block
numbers
have
to
be
changed,
the
Committee shall be
notified
at once.
2.14 Discounts
sanctioned fo r
installation
of
appliances
shall normally stand
withdrawn
in the event
of
a
strike
or
lockout in the premises fo r a duration of sev en d ays or more. F or this reason,
it is im p e ra tiv e th at the Commi t tee be apprised as
soon
as a strike or lockout
is
declared.
COMMITTEE’S INSPECTION
S T A F F
:
3.1
The Committee
undertakes,
a s far
a s
possible, the periodical inspection of
all
premises
in
which
fire extinguishing appliances,
entitling
the r is k to special discounts
or
ratings
for
such appliances,
are installed.
F or
this p urp os e, th e
Comm it tee’ s Inspect ion Eng ineers sha ll
have the
right of
access to the premises
of
the Insured at an y
time
with
or without giving
an y
prior
notice.
3.2
T he
Primary duty of
the Inspec ting Engineers is
to
report
to
th e Commi t tee
on
the condition
and e ff ic iency of the appliances installed as well
as
to ensure that the regulations
are
being
obs erv ed . T he y w ill, how ever, g ive help and ad vices in
th e
maintenance of
the
appliances
and on matters pertaining to
fire
p ro te ctio n a nd p re v en tio n.
3.3.
The attention of
the Inspecting
Engineers shall be
drawn,
during
their visits,
to
any
changes
effected since the previous inspection
or to any contemplated
extensions
andalterations
to
the ex is ting services.
This
procedure
does not,
how ev er, d ispense with the necessity of advising
the Insurance Company or Compan ies interested
on
the
risk of any changes which affect the
plan
of
the risk
or
the details of the appliances
recorded
with Committee.
INTERNAL
APPLIANCES
:
4 .0 Internal appliances generally consist
of
hand appliances ( fi rs t aid appliances) and
hose
reels.
4 .1
HAND APPLIANCES
4 .1 .1 G E N E R A L
4.1.1.1
Hand
appliances comprise
buckets and extinguishers.
4.1.1.2
All
appliances including extinguisher
refills and foam compound shall
be
in capacit ies
indicated
in the relevant Indian standards
specification
and shall bear
IS I
certification mark
(Accessories
including
extinguisher refills shall also be IS I
certified.)
Buckets
shall
be of round bottom
type.
4.1.1.3 The usefulness of these appliances
is limited a s
it
is
ent irely dependent upon the presence
of persons having kno wledg e to operate them. Everything
depends,
how ever, on the speed
wi th wh ich they are
brought
into. use as
they are
essentially
“First-Aid” equipment, only meant
fo r attacking
small fires in the ir incipient stages and
are
no t
intended
to deal
with large
outbreaks
of fire.
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F I R E PROTECTION MANUAL I I
4.1.1.4 Since
a variety of shapes and/or methods
of operation of fi re ex ting uishers can
at t imes
lead
to confusion
an d
as fa ilure to operate
the extingu ishers
properly
in the first instance results
in failure to q uench
the
fire,
it
is
r ec om m e nd e d t ha t
extinguishers installed
in an y on e building
or single occupancy be
similar
in shape and appearance and have the same method of operation
as fa r as possible.
4.1.1.5 I t
is
re co m m e nd e d th at an indicator board s ho w in g th e number of buckets an d extinguishers
ins ta lled in each
department
be provided over
or near
the main
entrance to
th e department.
This
will
enable the person in charge
of
the
appliances
to ascerta in at a
glance if
any appliances
are
missing.
4.1.1.6 It is
advisable to provide
conspicuous
location
indicators
of a suitable
type
fo r
all extinguishers,
particularly those located
in
large
compartments.
4.1.2
Selection
of
Hand
Appliances
:
4.1.2.1
Various types
of hand appliances
are available
but
al l are
not equally effec t ive
on all k ind s
of fires.
F or this reason,
the
nature of contents
of a building, th e processes carried out therein
an d the
types
of
fires
which m ay occur,
shall
be taken
into
consideration
while
selecting fire
appliances.
4.1.2.2 The different
types
of fires and
appliances suitable
for use
on them
are as under :-
Class of
Fire
Suitable
type
of Appliances
Gas expelled .
water type and
anti-freeze
Fires in ordinary
combustib les (wood,
type
extinguishers and
water
buckets
vegetable
fibres rubber,
plastics,
paper
and- the
like).
Chemical Ext inguishers
of
Carbon
Dioxide
and
Dry
Powder types and sand
buckets.
Fires
in flammable
liquids, paints,
grease,
solvents and the like.
Fires
in
gaseous Chemical
Extinguishers of
substances under
Carbon
D iox id e and
D ry
pressure including Powder
types.
liquefied
gases.
Q
Fires in
R eactive S pecial
type of Dry Powder
Chemicals,
active
metals
and
the lik e.
Extinguishers
and
sand
buckets
Where
energised Electrica l Eq uipment is involved in a fire, The Non-conductivity
of
the extinguishing
media
is
of
utmos t importance and
only
extinguishers
expelling
d ry po w de r
or
carbon-di-oxide
(without
metal
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F IRE
P ROTECT ION MANUAL
horn) should be used. O nce the E lectrical Equ ipment is de-energ ised, ex t inguishers
suitable
for
class a,
b,
c, m ay be used safely.
4.1.3 Requirements
of
Hand Appliances
:
4.1.3.1 Procedure
:
.
¢
The
minimum number of
fire
ext inguishers needed to p ro tec t a property
shall
be determined as outlined
below
:-
‘
a)
F or
an y property,
basic
protection
shall
be
appl iances suitable fo r
Class A
fires, since
Class
A
fire s are of
universal
character.
T he
number of extinguishers
shall
be determ ined accord ing
to
rule
4.1.3.2.
b)
F or
occupancies where Class
B fires are
anticipated, a suitable number
of
appliances
determined
by rule 4.1.3.2.
shall be replaced
by
appliances
a s
per table
under
rule
4.1.3.4.
c)
F or occupancies where fires of C
&
D
types
are anticipated, th e C om m itte e m a y recommend
appropriate extinguishers.
4.1.3.2 One 9 litre
water/sand bucket
shall be provided
for
every
100
m 2 .
of the floor
area
or part
thereof an d one 9
litre
wate r type ex tingu isher shall be provided to six
buckets
or
part thereof
with a minimum of
on e
extinguisher
an d
two
buckets pe r
compartment
of the
building.
N.B. In
the
case of
Cotton
G in and P r e s s factories, the supply of
hand appliances
shall be double
that
indicated above.
4.1.3.3
Buckets
m ay
be
dispensed
with
for
occupancies
other
than
Cotton
G in and
Press
factories,
provided the supply of extinguishers
is
one- and-a-half t imes
t ha t in d ic ate d
abov e in case
of Light
Hazard
Occupancies
and double
that indicated above in
case
of other
occupancies.
Note: For categorizat ion
of
occupancies refer rule
7.2.
4.1.3.4 Acceptable
replacements
for-water buckets
and w ater type
extinguishers in
occupancies where
Class
B
fires
are
anticipated.
Acceptable
Buckets of
Water
Water
type
Replacements Extinguishers
For
One For Three
For
each
9 Litres
bucket
buckets
Extinguisher
Dry Sand 1
bucket
3 buckets — —
Carbon D ioxid e
Extinguishers
3 Kg. 9 Kg. 9 Kg.
(IS 2878)
(In
no t
l e s s
than
2
Extinguishers)
D ry
Powder
Extinguishers 2
Kg.
5
Kg.
5
Kg.
(IS
2171) (In one or
more\Extinguishers)
Note A ny
combination
of
the various appliances referred
to above
m ay
be employed.
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F IRE PR OT E C T I ON MANUAL
(ii)
( iii) F or electrical equipment 6 Dry Powder Extinguisher
are provided.
Thus the final number
of
F or Class ‘B ’ fires 2 Water
type
Extinguishers
a re rep la ced
by 2 Dry Powder Extinguishers.
Ext inguishers is
:
Water
type
8 8
Dry
Powder
type 8
Total 96
4.1.4 Selection of Sites for the Installation
of
H a nd A p plian ce s
:
4.1.4.1
4.1.4.2
4.1.4.3
4.1.5.1
4.1.5.2
When
selecting sites for hand appliancesdue consideration
shall
be
given
to
the
nature
of
the
risk to be covered .
Appliances
shall be
placed in conspicuous positions and
shall
be readily accessible for immediate use
in all
parts of
the
occupancy.
I t s hould always
be
borne
in
mind
while
selecting
sites
that
hand
‘appliances
are
intended
only for
use
on incipient fires and their value m ay be negligible if the
fire is
not extinguished or brought
under
c on tro l in the early stages.
Generally, hand appliances
shall be
placed a s
near
a s
possible to exits
or
staircase
landings.
Wherever possible, advantage sha ll be taken of
normal
routes of
escape by placing
appliances
in
pos itions where they
can
readily be seen by persons following the natural im p ulse to
get
out of
danger.
I t is no t
advisable
to place
appliances
at the ends of rooms
remote
from ex its unless
they
are necessary to
cover
a particular hazard
there.
Buckets
shall be
placed
at
convenient and easily
accessible
locations
either
o n hangers
or
on
stands.
In the
case
of
textile mills,
it
is
strongly advised
that
a
bucket
be
slung
at
the end of each spinning
and
roving frame.
4.1.5 Maintenance of Hand
Appliances
:
General
4.1.5.1.1
It is important that
hand
appliances
are always
kept
in their proper positions
and
if temporarily
removed
for
repairs,
are immediately
replaced. In
order to
ensure this , all concerns shall arrange to p rovid e at
least one man, preferably
a pump man,
whose
duty
is to
see
that the
fire
buckets are filled
with water
an d
the
extinguishers are
in
efficient working
order
and th at a ll appliances
are
in their correct posit ions.
4.1.5.1.2
I t is re co m m e nd e d t ha t in case th e
paint of an y
hand app liance
gets
chipped
off
or
gets
faded,
it shall be
repainted
to
prevent it from rust
and corrosion.
Buckets :
4.1.5'.2.1
Fire
buckets shall not be
used
for
any purpose other than
that fo r
wh ich the y
are in tended, and shall
always
be
k ept full
of
water/sand.
4.1.5.2.2
To prevent
breeding
of
mosquitoes
and to com p ly w ith rules of local bodies,
the
w ater in
fire buck ets shall be
ref il led every
week
and
treated
with
sapon
creosote
or phe nyle in suitable quantities
to just
d isco lour the
water.
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I5
4.1.5.2.3
A ll
buckets
shall be refilled
with
clean water
or sand, as the case m ay be ,
imm ed ia te ly a fter
use.
V
4.1.5.2.4 Spare
buckets
to the
extent
of
10%
of
th e
total number
installed on the premises,
subject to
a
maximum
of
50,
shall
always
be
kept in
store.
4.1.5.3 Extinguishers
:
4.1.5.3.1
Spare
charges to
the
extent
of 10% of th e
total number of
ext inguishers instal led,
with a minimum
of
two
shall
always
be kept in
stock
fo r each
type of
extinguisher
an d be
readily
available.
s
4.1.5.3.2 Once
a
week,
the extinguis he r s hall be
checked
to
ensure
that a ll m o vable
parts
are working properly, that the plunger is in fu lly ex tended pos ition, tha t
the nozzle is no t obstructed in any w ay and that
there
is no leakage of the
extinguishing
medium
from
the glands
and noules.
The
extinguishers shall be
cleaned
superficially and the brass parts polished. The nonle outlet and
vent
holes in the threaded portion of th e cap
shall
be checked
for
clogging.
4.1.5.3.3 Once
a
month, extinguishers of
the
Carbon Dioxide
type shall
be
weighed.
I f the weight recorded for an y
extinguisher
is less
than
90 pe r cent of the
weight
of the
fully charged
extinguisher
as marked
on
the body, the
extinguisher
shall be sent for recharging.
4.1.5.3.4 Half the total number
of
wate r type extinguishers and one-fifth
of the total
number
of D ry Powder Extinguishers installed in the
premises
shall be subjected
to an operation
test
annually.
Advantage’
shall be tak en of
this
test
to impart
training in the use of
extinguishers, to
th e s taff e m plo ye d o n the premises
where
the extinguishers
are
located.
Extinguishers
which
have
been used in a
fire during
a period
of
six months
preceding
the tests,
need
no t be taken for
testing.
N.B.
4.1.5.3.5 Extinguishers
installed
in the premises shall
be
subjected to a hydraulic test
as
specified in lS:2190 and at such intervals
as
laid d own therein.
Extinguishers
.
found leaking
or
distorted
shall
be
rejected. Under
no circumstances
shall
such
extinguishers be
w eld ed and
reused.
N.B. The hydraulic
test
shall be certified
by
the manufacturer(s) ~ o f the appliance(s)
or the factory
Chief
Engineer or the Factory
Fire
or Safety Officer or the service
/
contractors.
A
record
of
the
operation
and
hydraulic tests
shall
be maintained,
which shall
be open
to examination
by the Committee's inspection
staff.
4.1.5.3.6
4.1.5.3.7 The
operating
instructions of the
extinguishers
shall
no t
be defaced or obliterated.
In case
the operating
instructions
are obliterated
or have become illegible
due
to
passage
of
t ime,
fresh
transfers
of
the
sam e shall be
obtained
from
the
'
manufacturers of the appliances and affix ed to the extinguishers.
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F I R E P R O T E C T I O N
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4.2 Small
Bore Hose
Reels :
(This
sort of
protection
is
not
deemed suitable for buildings/compartments
containing
electrical apparatus
only or
in respect
of buildings/compartments
in
w h ic h fl am m a ble liq uid s are
stored
and/or
used.)
4.2.1
4.2.2
4.2.3
4.2.4
4.2.5
Hose reels shall
normally
be connected to the general water supply pipelines
of
th e plant/
premises.
The
number
and
distribution
of hose reels shall be such that
the
whole of each floor is
protected
and that
no
part of the
floor
is more
than
6
m .
distant
from
a
hose nozzle when
the
hose
Z
is fully extended.
The hose ree l shall be such
a s
will enable
no t l e s s than 22.5
litres of
water
to be discharged
per m inute
through
a
nozzle of
not more
than
6.35
m m . internal diameter.
Hose shall
be
of
reinforced
rubber
no t
l e s s
than
19 m m .
and no t
more
than 3 2 m m .
internal
diameter .
Hose
lengths shall not'exceed 36.50m.
M
5.
MECHANICALLY DRIVEN FIRE
ENGINES
AND TRAILER PUMPS :
5.1
5 .2
5 .3
. ‘Ft?
Application
:
5.1.1 This method
of
protection will
be accepted
on its
ow n merits for the protection of
blocks/facilit ies (other than open
storage)
in lig ht and ordinary hazard occupancies.
Even in
these
occupancies buildings which have the highest point
of
the
roof
no t exceeding
20
metres shall
only
be
deemed
to
be protected.
5.1.2 F or effective application,
mobile engines and/or
trailer
pumps shall be sited
at
convenient
locations
from where they can
be
speedily
moved to any portion of
the
compound
in the
event
of a fire and
for
this
purpose
adequate vehicular arrangements
shall
be
available
for
towing
trailer pumps.
Personnel : '
In order to q ualify fo r recognition, a
fire
fighting
squad in accordance
with rules 7.9.1 to
7.9.10 shall be
maintained on the
premises round the clock.
Equipment : ,
5.3.1 Trailer pumps and motor fire engines shall comply with the re levant Ind ian Standards
Specif icat ion or equiva lent foreign
specification
and c arry the requis ite number and
type
of
fittings
and accessories
speci fied in
such
standards. Besides, each
trailer
pump
shall be
prov ided wi th
12 lengths
of
15
m . long hose
pipes of
63 m m .
diameter
and
6 branc h pipes wi th nou les of
18 m m .
diameter. F or
each motor fire
engine,
18
hose
pipes
each 15
m lo ng a nd 63 m m d iam eter and nozzles
of 18
m m “ shall
be
provided
alongwith
9
branch
pipes. ’
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l7
5.3.2 The capacit ies of
i nd i v idua l t ra ile r pum ps
an d motor fir e engine shall not be less than:
Trailer P u m p
30 litres pe r
second at
5.6 kg./cmz.
Motor
Fire
Engines
30
litres
pe r
second
at
7
kg. /cmz.
5.3.3
The
number of
appliances required
shall
no t
be less
th an th at laid d o w n h er eu nd e r: -
(a) _ Light Hazard 1 trailer pump for every 7000 m 2
of total
built
Occupancies
up
area of protected process an d storage blocks
subject to a maximum of
3.
(b) Ordinary
Hazard 1
trailer pump for every 5000 m2
of
total built
up area
of
protected
process
and
storage
blocks.
subject to
a
maximum
of 4.
N.B.
One
motor
f ire engine could be
provided
as
a
substitute
for
tw o
trailer
pumps.
Portable
fire pump sets
(1100-1600 lpm ) c an als o be accepted
treating two
such units
as
equivalent
to one
trailer
pump of 1800 lpm pro vid ed
these
sets
conform
to
IS:12717-1989.
5.3.4 F or storeyed
structures,
in add ition to
the
trailer pumps and/or
motor
fire engines, d ry
risers of s i z e conforming
to
N.B.
4 under
rule 7.5.10
shall be ins talled w i th h yd rant
outlets at each floor level and double male
instantaneous
inlets at ground level to
serve
as connections
fo r the trailer pum ps in the event
of a fire.
T he hydrants
for
the
upper
floors
shall be
installed on
landings
of access
staircases complying
with rule
7.6.15
and a hose
box
containing tw o lengths
of
hose
of 7 .5
m . each and one nozzle
shall be
provided
alongside each
of
the u ppe r
floor
hydrants.
The
number
of
risers
per building and correspondingly the
number
of access
staircases shall
d epend on the
floor_area of
upper
storeys
and
for th is purpos e the
requirement of
rule 7.6.15 shall
apply.
Where
it
is no t possible to fully com ply
with
the provisions of rule 7.6.15, reference shall
be m ade to the Committee.
Water Supply :
5.4.1 T he w ater supply to be drawn
upon
by t ra iler pumps or
motor fire
engines, s hall be
available in s ta tic
tanks of at least 45,000
litres capacity so located
that no part of
a pro tected building
lies
beyond
100
m .
of
the tank (s) .
(
1)
In the
case of storeyed buildings, ‘ the tank shall not be more
than
50
m . from
any
part of the
building.
(2 ) Provision shall be
made
for indicating the
capacity
of the tank s fo r va rious
depths.
5.4 .2
One
static
tank
shall
be
provided for
buildings
with light hazard occupancy
and
tw o
. for
buildings
with ordinary
hazard occupancy.
(Tank
shall
be
so located as to give
easy access to
the
Fire Brigade.)
The same tank(s)
shall
be considered as
the
source
of water
supply fo r all
detached
buildings
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MANUAL
6.
-w here no part of
the building(s)
lies beyond 100 m . of
the
tank . T he above d is tance sha ll
-be reduced to 5 0 m . in
the
case of
storeyed
buildings.
5.4.3
Double
- headed
hydrants
or water
plugs
of
100 m m . d iameter fi-tted
to the
pressurised
general water
service
main of
th e p re m is es m ay
be considered
as an
a lterna ti ve to
static tank
provided that :
(a)
The water-pressure constantly maintained in the
main is not less
than 0.7 kg . /
cm ? ‘
(b) The size
of
the main
is
at least
10 0
m m .
( c ) F or
light
hazard occupancy, one
double
headed
hydran t o r one
100
m m .
water
plug is so
located
that
no
part of the building is beyond 100 m. thereof. F or
ordinary hazard occupancy, two doub le headed
hydrants or
tw o 100
m m .
water
plugs
are
located
a s
above.
N.B.
In the case
of
storeyed
buildings,
th e
above
distance shall be reduced to
5 0
m . -
(d ) T he pumping
capacity
of
the general
water
supply is
not
less than the aggregate
pumping capacity of the trailer pumps
and/or
motor fire eng in es .
(e) The
storage
of
general w a te r s up ply
is
in
excess of
1,00,000
litres.
HYDRANT
PROTECTION
F O R
HIGH RISE
BUILDINGS
(NON-INDUSTRIAL)
6.1
Introduction
‘
6.1.1
A bui ld ing,
the
highest fl oo r o f
which
is
m ore than 2 2 m
above
the
surrounding
pavement
level,
shall be
considered a s a high rise building.
6.1.2 The rules are applicable to al l types
of
buildings
with
non-industrial occupancies such
as R esident ia l Ho te ls , Mercantile/ Business/Office build ings , apa rtmen ts etc.
6.1.3 In
case
of Buildings
situated
in sloping
terrain,
reference shall be
made
to the Committee
in advance w ith full particulars. _
V
6.2 Hydrant
Protection
(at
g round or yard
levels)
6.2.1
T he ground
level
protection
with
hydrants on
terminal
mains
will
be
acceptable,
provided,
th e
plinth
area
of
the building
to
be protected
is less than
7 5 0
m2. T he
location
of
the
hydrants
at
ground
level
a s
well
a s
the lay-out of the
hydrants
system shall,
otherwise,
comply with va rious p rov is ions
under
Section 7 of
this
Manual.
6.2.2 In
case
of buildings
having
a plinth area
in excess
of
750
m 2 , the
location of
the
hydrants at
ground level
a s
well as the
lay-out of the
hydrant system shall
be
governed
by the appropriate provisions under
Section
7 .6
of
this manual. The Committee reserves
its right
of
insisting on water monitors in the place
of
few hydrants
if
deemed
necessary.
6.2.3
, to l imit the operating pressure
within
7
kg/cmz
Orifice
plates
of
suitable design shall be
provided
in the
landing
valves, where
necessary,
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F I R E PROTECTION
MANUAL I9
6.4
6.2.4 Excep t where
impracticable,
al l
hydrant outlets
shall be situated 1 m abo ve g ro un d
- level.
6.3
Hydrant
Protection - at v ario us
upper/lower (basement) levels
6.3.1
Access staircase
6.3.1.1
Design
for a
n ew b uild in g shall inc lude prov is ions for adequate access staircases an d lifts to
provide efficient means
of
escape and
facilities
for fire
f ighting.
6.3.1.2
O ne lobby approach
staircase
along
with
fire lift s ha ll be provided for e ve ry 1000 m2
of floor
area of each storey/level (including basements). Normally
a minimum
of tw o
such
staircases
shall
be
req uired but in case the
area of
e a c h .
storey
is l e s s than 500
m2.,
one
staircase
is
acceptable.
'
6.3.1.3
The lobby approach staircase shall be of non-combustible construction. At least 50 % of total
.
number
of
staircases
required (with
a
minimum
of
one)
shall be
so
located that
one
of their
enclosing
w alls be an external
wall of
th e
building.
6.3.1.4
Doors
at the entrances of
both
the lobby approach access staircases and fire
lifts
shall be
provided with self-closing, s m o k e -t ig h t d o ors h av in g one hour
fire
resistance.
This
arrangement
will
enable escape and
fire figh ting to
be effected more efficiently.
Note : I f
the staircases and the fi re li fts are located
in
the
core
of the building, a positive
pressure
of 50 Pa or 20 Pa in
excess of
pressure in
the
lobby whichever is higher,
shall
be maintained
within
the
former
a s an
alternative to
the
above
provision.
6.3.1.5 The
fire
lifts shall be controlled by the fire
brigade
recall from the
concourse
level and shall
no t
respond
to
other calls after the fire brig ad e k ey has been activated. The cable supplying
power to the
lift
motor shall
pass
through routes
of
negligible fire risk .
6.3.2
Wet Risers
6.3.2.1 Wet riser(s)
is/are
a pipe or a number of pipes, permanently charged wi th wate r und er pressure,
rising throug h the full height
of
the building.
6.3.2.2
The‘
wet
risers
shall be
located
within
the
lobby approach staircases.
6.3.2.3
T he d ia m ete r
of
the riser pipes shall
no t
be
l e s s
than
15 0
m m
anywhere.
One
o r tw o land ing
valves shall
be
connected to the riser
pipe
at each storey/level. In c a s e of
excessive pressures
in hydrant outlets at low er levels, orifice
plates of
suitable design shall
be provided
in the
landing
valves,
where necessary, to l imit the operating
pressure
to 7
kg/cmz
Hose Pipes and Nozzles
6.4.1
Sufficient length
of
hose,
subject
to a
minimum
of “two
lengths
of
1 5
m each with couplings
attached,
shall be provided for
use in case
of each hydrant point on risers. In addition,
one
nozzle of 2 0
m m size fitted
to
a
branch
pipe
shall also be provided. To
avoid
water
damage,
it is
advisable
to
have reinforced
rubber
lined
hoses for use with
internal hydrants. (IS-636)
6.4.2 The number of hose
pipes
provided
near external
yard
hydrants
shall be such that
no
part
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MANUAL
of the floor is more
than
15
m
from a hose nozzle
when
the hose is fully
extended
and
connected to hydrant landing valve.
6.4.3 Hoses, nozzles an d branc h pipes sha ll be kept adjacent to the hydrant outlet, in wall boxes
or recesses
in th e w alls s pe cia lly
d es ig ned to blend architecturally with
the
buildings, if so
desired.
A ll
other requirements
relating
to
the appurtenances shall
be as
pe r
the provisions
under
Section
7 .7 of
this Manual.
6. 5 Pumping Arrangements
6.5.1 Each w et hydrant installation shall be
supplied
with water
by
an auto-start pumping
set. A
stand-by pumpset of
identical
pumping
capacity
having a
different
pr ime mover
s ha ll a ls o
be
provided. '
6.5.2
Pumps
shall
have
capacities of
38
Ltrs.
per second
(137
cu.
metre per hour)
or 47
Ltrs.
per
second
(171
cu.
metre per hour) and the head g enerated
at
the ra ted d ischarge shall
be such
that a minimum pressure of 3 .5 Kg/cmz will be available at the
highest
landing
valve
in
the
premises.
6.5.3 The suction, delivery an d priming arrangements
for
the pump
shall
comply with
provision
under S ec tio n 7 .4 .1
of this
Manual.
6.5.4
Jockey
pump(s)
shall
be installed
in
addition to the main pump set(s). The pressure
setting
.§
for
the pump(s )
shall be such th at it cuts in approx imate ly at
0.35
kg./cmz
below the normal
system pressure and cuts ou t at normal system pressure. The main fire pump(s) shall
be
arranged
to
cu t
in
approximately
at
1
kg./cmz
below
the
normal
system pressure
and
shall be capable
only of
manual shut down at churn pressure.
6.5.5 The power supply to the
fire
pump(s)
shall
be independent of
all
other supplies within the
premises.
In
other
words
even
when
the
power supply
to the
entire
premises
is switched
off,
-
the supply
to the fire
pump(s)
and
other
essential
equipment
shall remain
uninterrupted.
6.5 .6 Pum p room shall be normally
located detached
in
the
compound of
the
building
and
shall
be
preferably
6 metres away
from
the
building. Where
this
is
no t feasible, the pum p room
can
be
located inside
the
build ing prov ided it
is segregated
from the remainder of the building
in accordance with comm ittees’ regulations and
access
to the pum p room
from
the outs ide
of
the
building
shall be
either
direct
or
through
a passage
which
has
no
openings o ther than
to the pump room.
6.5.7 The
pumping installation
for the
high
rise
installations
shall conform
to anyone
of
the following
m ethod s to avoid undesirably
high
pressures
in
the riser
mains :-
a) T wo pum ps, one having
a low
head connected to
the
riser feeding the
lower storeys
and
the other
having
a
higher head connected to the risers feeding the upper storeys,
shall be installed.
b) A m ulti stage multi outlet pump shall
be
installed, separate outlets being
connected
to the riser
feeding
the
lower
storeys
and
those feeding
the
upper
floors. (See
Fig.1
and
2)
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2l
6.6 Water
6.6.1
N.B.: F or buildings over 60 m in h eig ht, hydrant system may either be designed as above
or m ay
be divided
into pressure zones. F or each z one the wate r supply for
th e
fire
protection would be designed to
have
pressure within the norm a l operating
ranges
and zones
of
eig ht to ten storeys would be
adequate
with
a
check
valve
in each zone
to
prevent
the
transmission
of pressure to
the
zone below (each zone shall
have
a
height of 20 m to 2 5
m ).
In
each z one
of
fire
protection piping,
there
shall be a
gravity
or
pressure tank supply. This shall be supplemented
by
a fire pump to
provide
required flow in
the
zone. The fire pump
shall
not be used to fill g ra vity or
pressure
tank.
This should
be
filled
from domestic
water
lines. In this arrangement, the pump
in
the
lowest
zone
takes
suction
from
suction
tank located at ground floor
w hereas pum ps in
other zones
take suc tion from
the gravity/pressure tanks in the respect ive zone
(See.
Fig.3)
N.B.l:
In
addit ion to
the above
system, a
gravity
tank
of
25000
ltrs. capacity shall be
provided
on
the
top
of
thebuilding and
it shall be
connected
to
the pump
delivery through
a non-return valve.
N.B.2:
The pump
controls
can be
located with the
pump
in
each zone.
- I t
can also
be provided
at the ground floor
depending
upon the
suitabi li ty and
practicability of
the
particular
building in question.
Source
Effective
capacity
of
fire
fighting
tank
(See
rule
N o. 7 .3) shall not be l e s s than 2 hrslaggregate
pumping
capacity
for
buildings
l e s s
than
60
m in
height.
The
tank
capacity shall,
however,
be increased to 3 hrs. pumping
capacity
for bui ld ings having h eig ht 60
m
and abov e. The
tanks
shall be constructed in
tw o
independent but interconnected compartments
as per
rule
7.3
of
this
Manual.
~
The
fire
tank
m ust be in tw o compartments with abaffle w all in between n ot g oing
r ight
down to the
base
of the
tank.
This arrangement will ensure
proper
circulation of the fire water
and prevent
stagnation.
(See figure below.)
Domestic
tank
Fire tank >
r
3
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6.6.2 The
storage
tank
shall
be
provided
with a 15 0 m m
fire brigade
pumping
connection to d i scharg e
at least 2 2 7 5 Ltrs. pe r minute
into
the tank. Th is connec tion shall
not
be taken directly into
the side
of
the storage tank, bu t arranged to d ischarge no t less than 15 0 m m above the
overflow
level
of
the
tank . T he
connection
shall
be
fitte d w ith
stop
valve
in
a
position
approved
by
th e commi t tee in ad v anc e. A n
overflow connection
discharging to
a
visible drain
point
shall
be
provided
from
the
s to rag e ta nk .
6.6.3 The fire brigade connect ion shall be
fitted
with four numbers of
63
m m ins ta nta ne ou s
inlets
in
a g lass
fronted wall bo x at
a
suitable position at
street
level,
so
located
as
to
m a k e
the
inlets accessible
from
outside
of
the building.
The size of
the
wall bo x
shall be
ad eq uate to
allow hose to be
connected
to the inlets , even if the door can not be
opened and the
glass
has to be
broken.
Each
box
shall
have
fall of
25
m m
towards
the
front
at
its
base
and
shall
be glazed with
wired glass
w ith “F IR E BR IG ADE INL ET” painted
on
the inner face of the
glass
in 50 m m
s i z e
block
letters.
6.6.4 In addition to the emerg ency fire brigade connect ion to the
storage
tank,
a
15 0 m m
connection
shall
be taken
from the four
63 m m in sta nta ne ou s
inlets direct to
each
hydrant
riser
so that
th e fire
brigade m ay pump to the hydrants in
the
event of hydrant
pumps
being out of commission.
T he c on ne ctio n d ire ct to se ac h
riser
shall be fitted with a sluice
an d
refl ex v alv e
each.
6.7
Fire Fighting
Staff
6.7.1 A
fire
fighting
squad consist ing
of
security
and
maintenance personnel
under
the
command
of a
trained
fire chief,
conversant
with the fire
control
system of the premises, shall
be
available.
Further, the
public
fire brigade shall
also be
acquainted
w ith w hat
is
being
installed
in
the
premises
an d how the protection systems
operate.
F or
this
purpose, detai ls of the arrangements
for
fire fighting systems and
the
layout plan incorporating the position of the
existing fire
protection
system shall be forwarded to the
local
fire
brigade
for their information and
necessary
action.
6.7.2 As the efficiency
of the
wet
r iser system
depends on
the
manner and speed at w hich they
are brought
into
use,
a
squad consist ing of trained
personnel
and fire pump
m an shall
be
maintained
on
the premises round the
clock.
The
number
of
personnel
for
the sq uad
shall
necessarily depend upon the
s i z e
of the building but in
no case
shall be l e s s
than
four t ra ined
persons (excluding
officer
in-charge
on duty and
pump
man)
be available at
anytime
during
th e
d ay or
night.
6.7.3 A public ad d re ss s ys te m s ha ll be provided on each floor including the control
room
in order
to
enable
secur ity and
fire fighting staff to
give
evacuatio n ins truc tio ns to the o cc upan ts in
case
of fire.
Evacuation drills shall
be
arranged
periodically.
6.7 .4 A
metal
strip of
25
m m x 3 m m
section
shall
be
provid ed in the staircase enclosure
running
throughout
the height
of
the building to faci li ta te transmission and
reception
of
fire
messages
through walkie-talkie sets used by
brigade
personnel. The s trip
shall
be electrically insulated
from the ground.
6.7.5
A
plan_of the ris k
giving
floor-wise details
of
all f ire
extinguishing
appliances
and
water
supplies
shall
be
displayed
in
the
pump
house a s
well
as
in the
room
of the security/fire officer who
is
in-charge
of
the appliances.
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F I R E P R O T E C T I O N MANUAL
7 .
HYDRANT SERVICE :
(Installation of
Hand
Appliances as
pe r
the
Committee’s
Regulat ions
is a
prerequisite
for an y
occupancy,
other
than
a
storage occupancy, to
be
entitled to a llo w a nc e fo r
this
system); ' .
7 .1 General :
7.1.0
The
following
Regulations
are not
applicable to H ig h -R is e
Buildings,
the highest
floor of which
'
is
more than 22 m . abo ve th e sunounding ground
level
or to Cotton Gin
an d
Press Factories,
for which
reference m ay be made to Sections 6 an d 8 respectively.
7.1.1 A
well designed
an d w e ll
laid
hydrant service
is
the backbone
of the
enti re f ire fighting
equipment
as
it
fights
fires of serious proportions in all
classes
of risks and continues to be in full operation
'
even
if
part(s) of
affected
buildings
and/or structures
have
collapsed,
and alsotkeeps cool
all
adjoining propert ies, thereby
minimizing
the
exposure
hazards.
7.1.2 The advantages
of
providing
for possible
fu ture extens ions in any
scheme of hydrant
protection
is often overlooked. A comparatively
small extension
with
its
attendant friction
losses
may overload
a main
so
seriously as to
necessitate replacement
by on e
of larger
size an d the
small
additional
initial
cost
of
mains
of somewhat larger
capacity
than
imm ed ia te requ irements
may c all fo r,
often leads to ultimate
economy.
7.1.3
All components of
the hydrant s ys tem s ha ll be
of
a type and ma ke
approved by
the Tariff
Advisory Commit tee.
7.1.4
The standards
laid
down in this Manual represent the accumulated experience of many years
but
even
when
a
hydrant
service
is
designed
and
laid
in
accordance
with
these standards,
its
efficiency
in
firefighting
will ultimately
depend
upon
the
rapidity w ith w h ich
it
is
brought
in to action and the
ability
with which its
effort
is directed.
<
7.1.5 The maintenance of an installation
is equally vital
and the
importance
of organized
wetdril ls
at regular
intervals, which
ensure that each m an
carries
ou t his
allotted duties
in
the
shortest
possible
t ime
cannot
be too strongly emphasized. (Please
s e e
7.10 in this connection).
_ ‘ 7 .2 Classifications of Occupancies
:
'
7.2.0
As
the
water supply, pumping capacity and
other features
of the
hydrant
system depend no t
only
on
the
size
of
the risk
but
also on
its
fire
growth
and
spread
potentialities,
the
risks
are to
be
categorised under the following
classes
for
the
purpose of hydrant system design:
N.B.
F or categorisation
of
occupancies no t listed hereunder
reference shall be
made to the Reg ional
Offices:
7.2 .1
Light
Hazard
Occupancies :
Abrasive Manufacturing
Premises
Aerated
Water Factories
Agarbatti Manufacturing
Aluminium/Zinc
and C opper
Factories
Analytical
and/or
Q uality’
Control
Laboratories
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F IRE .
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Asbestos
Steam Packing & Lagging Manufacturers.
Battery Charging/Service Station
attery
Manufacturing
Brewer ies
Brick
Works
Canning
Factories
Cardamom Factories
Cement Factories and/or
Asbestos
Products
Manufacturing.
Ceramic
Factories
and C ro ck e ry an d S to ne wa re Pipe Manufacturing.
Cinema Theatres ( including Preview‘Theatres) l
Clay
Works
C lock and Watch Manufacturing
Club
Coffee
Curing
& Roasting
Premise
Computer installat ions (Main
Frame)
Condensed Milk Factories, Milk Pasteurising Plant and Dairies.
Confectionery
Manufacturing
Dwellings
Educational and Research Institutes
Electric
Generating
Houses (Hydel)
E lec tric Lam p s (Incandescent & Fluorescent) and
TV
Picture Tube Manufacturing.
Electric
Sub-Station/Distribution
Station .
E lectro Pla ting Works.
E le ctrm ic and /o r C om p ute r E q uipm e nt Assemble and manufacturers.
Empty Containers Storage
Yard
Engineering Workshops.
Fruits and
Vegetables
Dehydrating/Drying
Factories.
Fruit Products and Condiment
Factories.
Glass
&
Glass Fibre Manufacturing.
Godowns and Warehouses Storing non-com bustible Goods.
Green
Houses
Gold
Thread Factories/Gi ld ing Factories.
G um
and/or
Glue and Ge la tine M anu fa ctu ring .
Hospitals including X -ray and other
Diagnostic
Clinics.
Ice Candy and Ice-cream Manufacturing.
Ice
Factories.
I nk ( ex clu din g Prin tin g Ink)
Factories
Laundries.
Libraries.
Mica Products Manufacturing.
Office
Premises.
Places
of Worship
I
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Pottery Works.
Poultry Farms.
R esidential Hotels,
Cafes
&
Restaurants.
Salt Crushing Factories an d Refineries.
Stables.
/Steel P la nts ( oth er than G as based)
Sugar Candy Manufacturing.
Sugar
Factories
and
Refineries.
Tea Blending
an d
Tea Packing Factories
Umbrella
Assembling Factories
Vermicelli Factories.
Water
Treatment/Water Fi l tration Plants and Water
Pump
House.
Ordinary
Hazard Occupancies :
Airport
and
other Transportation
Terminal
Building.
Arecanut slicing and/or Betelnut Factories.
Atta
an d Cereal
Grinding.
Baker ies.
Beedi
Factories.
Biscuit Factories.
Bobbin Factories.
Book-binders,
Envelopes
& Paperbag
Manufacturers.
Bulk Storage
Cable
Manufacturing
Camphor
Boiling.
Candle
Works.
Carbon Paper/Typewriter Ribbon Manufacturers.
Card
board Box
Manufacturing.
Carpenters, Woodwool & F urniture Manufacturers.
Carpet
and
Dru