fire prevention & control services
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
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FIRE PREVENTION &FIRE PREVENTION &CONTROL SERVICESCONTROL SERVICES
Mohd Rodzi Ismail
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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
Definition of fire prevention & control system:– “Protection in the aspects of fire prevention,
control and extinguishment for a certain area based on the availability of risks in that area" (JPBM:1997)
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FIRE PREVENTION & CONTROL SYSTEM
FIRE PREVENTION & CONTROL SYSTEM
PASSIVEPASSIVE ACTIVEACTIVE
• Portable extinguishers• Alarm detection• Hose reels• Automatic extinguishers• Pressurised escape route• Smoke extraction &
ventilation
• Portable extinguishers• Alarm detection• Hose reels• Automatic extinguishers• Pressurised escape route• Smoke extraction &
ventilation
• Design of buildings• Structure• Fabric• Components & their
installation
• Design of buildings• Structure• Fabric• Components & their
installation
(Building services area)
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PORTABLE FIRE PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUSHERSEXTINGUSHERS
Bucket of water and sands –inadequate
Colour coded cylinders containing compressed liquids and gasses appropriate to various sources of fire
– Standard fire fighting equipment in all commercial & public buildings
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Colour-coded cylinders, content and application (BS)Colour-coded cylinders, content and application (BS)
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Objective of portable fire extinguishers– To remove or sufficiently reduce at least one
component of the fire trianglefire triangle
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9Fire alarm circuit
Alarm bell
Alarm bell
Break-glass call button
Break-glass call button
1.5 m above floor level
ALARM DETECTIONALARM DETECTION
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Objectives of automatic fire detectors– To indicate location of the outbreak of fire– To operate alarm bells, and– To communicate with the local authority
Various types of operating characteristics:– A bimetallic strip– An ionisation chamber– Light scattering devices– A laser beam
Automatic Fire DetectorsAutomatic Fire Detectors
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HOSE REELSHOSE REELS
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Hose reel installationHose reel installation
Direct supply
Indirect supply
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HYDRANTSHYDRANTS
Internal hydrants: Dry riserInternal hydrants: Dry riser
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Internal hydrants: Wet riserInternal hydrants: Wet riser
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Internal hydrants: Foam installationsInternal hydrants: Foam installations
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AUTOMATIC AUTOMATIC EXTINGUISHERSEXTINGUISHERS
Gas extinguishing Gas extinguishing systemssystems
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Water sprinklerWater sprinkler
Main supply
Cistern supply
Simplified sprinkler installationSimplified sprinkler installation
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Types of sprinkler heads– Glass bulb– Fusible link– Chemical– Open
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19Sprinkler headsSprinkler heads
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21Sprinkler bulb colour & rupturing temperatureSprinkler bulb colour & rupturing temperature
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Spacing and area allocation of sprinklers according to hazard groupSpacing and area allocation of sprinklers according to hazard group
(staggered)
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Types of sprinkler systems– Wet– Dry– Alternate wet & dry– Tail end– Pre-action– Recycling
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Wet sprinkler systemWet sprinkler system
Wet sprinkler installation
Wet sprinkler installation
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Sprinkler controlsSprinkler controls
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Dry sprinkler systemDry sprinkler system
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Alternate wet & dry sprinkler systemAlternate wet & dry sprinkler system– Alternate systems can have the pipes full of water for
the summer and be drained down and filled with air (under pressure) for the winter
– This is important for buildings that are not heated.
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Tail end sprinkler systemTail end sprinkler system– This is a variation on the wet system and the alternate
wet and dry system– It is appropriate where only part of a building is subject
to frost of extremely high ambient temperature
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PrePre--action sprinkler systemaction sprinkler system
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Recycling sprinkler systemRecycling sprinkler system– This a development of the pre-action system– The system is used where it is considered appropriate to
limit damage from water after a fire has been extinguished, or when a sprinkler is accidentally fractured
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Deluge sprinkler systemDeluge sprinkler system
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Water supplies for sprinkler systems
Elevated reservoirElevated reservoir
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Water supplies for sprinkler systems
Gravity tankGravity tank
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Water supplies for sprinkler systems
Suction tank & pumpSuction tank & pump
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Sprinklers’ pipework configuration
Two-end side with central feed pipe
Two-end side with central feed pipe
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Sprinklers’ pipework configuration
Three-end side with end feed pipeThree-end side with end feed pipe
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Sprinklers’ pipework configuration
Two-end centre with end feed
pipe
Two-end centre with end feed
pipe
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Sprinklers’ pipework configuration
Two-end centre with central feed
pipe
Two-end centre with central feed
pipe
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Spacing of sprinkler heads relative to adjacent walls
* Refer to the “Spacing of sprinkler heads” table
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Spacing calculations
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Pipe sizing
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PRESSURISED ESCAPE PRESSURISED ESCAPE ROUTESROUTES
Objective– To create greater
air pressure in escape routes than the remainder of rooms in buildings
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SMOKE EXTRACTION & SMOKE EXTRACTION & VENTILATIONVENTILATION
Objective– To aid fire control by eliminating smoke, heat, toxic
and inflammable gases from the source of a fire– To retain visibility for escapers, and– To provide clear access for fire fighters
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Smoke logging & ventilationSmoke logging & ventilation
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Number & size of vents
Roof vent, ventilator factorRoof vent, ventilator factor
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Example
Fire vent area calculation
Fire vent area calculation
From table, vent factor is 0.37 mVent area = 50 m x 0.37 m = 18.5 m2
or
18.52000
= 0.0093
Or approximately 1% of the floor area
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Two methods of smoke control in shopping centres
1. Direct extraction from individual shop units (shop extract)
2. A common extract system (mall extract)
SHOP EXTRACT AND SMOKE SHOP EXTRACT AND SMOKE CONTROLCONTROL
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Shop extractShop extract
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Mall extractMall extract
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DRENCHERSDRENCHERS
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Fire Preventing in Ventilating Systems
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Fire Dampers in Ventilation Ductwork
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REFERENCESREFERENCES
Hall, F. & Greeno, R. (2005). Building Services Handbook. London: ElsvierGreeno, R. (1997). Building Services, Technology and Design. Essex: Longman