fire safety. course objectives upon completion of this unit, you will be able to: remember the...
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Fire Safety
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Course Objectives
Upon completion of this unit, you will be able to:
• Remember the acronym RACE to use in case of a fire.
• Remember the acronym PASS when using a fire extinguisher.
• Differentiate between the different classes of fire.
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Course Objectives, cont.
• Understand when and how to activate the services of the fire department.
• Keep areas in the home and workplace free of hazards.
• Locate fire alarms and exits in non-familiar locations.
• Evacuate homes and buildings safely.
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Module One
Motivation to Teach Fire Safety
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As you learn about fire safety, teach what you learn to others--particularly
young children!
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Fire in the United States
• How many fire related deaths do you think we have in the U.S. annually?
• Which nation do you think is the highest in fire deaths and incidents among the industrialized nations of the world?
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Fire in the United States
• 4,000 - 6,000 fire related deaths annually
• U.S. is still the highest in fire deaths and incidents among the industrialized nations of the world
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• What do you think is the leading cause of fires in Georgia?
• What do you think is the leading cause fire deaths in the Southeast and Georgia?
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# 1 Cause of Fire in Georgia
• Kitchen Fires—leading cause of fires
• Alternative heating is the primary cause of fire deaths in the Southeast and Georgia
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80% of fire deaths occur
in homes without
operational fire detectors.
Do you have at least one detector on every level of your home? Assignment tonight:
check it out!
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Check the batteries in your smoke
detectors twice a year.
Suggestion: when you change the
clocks in the spring and fall, change your batteries!
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Module Two
Fire Chemistry
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Fire Triangle
Fuel Heat
Oxygen
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Classes of Fires
• A: ordinary combustibles such as paper, wood, plastics, cloth
• B: flammable liquids, greases, and gases
• C: energized electrical equipment
• D: metals such as magnesium, titanium, sodium, etc.
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Sources of Heat Energy
Mechanical
Chemical
ElectricalSolar
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Methods of Heat Transfer
• Conduction: heat is transferred directly from one object to another
• Convection: movement of a liquid or gas transfers the heat
• Radiation: a form of heat travelling across a space or through materials as electromagnetic waves
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Module Three
Safety Features
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Smoke Detectors and Alarms
• Offer the earliest warning of fire
• A working smoke alarm doubles a person’s chance of surviving and escaping a fire
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Smoke Detectors and Alarms
• Test smoke alarms monthly (push the little button and you should hear a chirp—check it out tonight!)
• And did I mention? Change the batteries twice a year, when the clock changes for daylight savings!
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Carbon Monoxide Detectors
• Alert occupants to dangerous levels of carbon monoxide.
• They do not detect smoke and so should not be used instead of smoke detectors.
• Does your home have both?
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Sprinkler Systems
• Activated by heat and contain fire where sprinkler heads are located.
• Must still evacuate building if smoke alarm alerts, even if sprinkler system does not activate—fire could be in walls, ceiling, or attic.
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Fire Extinguishers
• Place them in a readily accessible location.
• Don’t store them next to the stove….duh!
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Fire Extinguishers: PASS
• PULL the locking pin from the handle
• AIM the nozzle at the base of the flames
• SQUEEZE the handle • SWEEP the extinguisher from
side to side
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Module Four
Building Evacuation
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RACE• Rescue anyone in immediate danger.
• Activate the alarm.
• Confine the fire (Close windows and doors if safe to do so. Shut off electrical equipment and oxygen if your safety is not endangered).
• Extinguish the fire if the fire is small and contained.
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Your safety comes FIRST!
• Do NOT risk your life to put out a fire. That’s what the FIRE DEPARTMENT is for!
• Evacuate if you are even a little bit uncertain!
• Stuff can be replaced. You can’t.
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Fire Escape Plan
• Must have a clear, unobstructed means of exiting the building to a safe meeting place outside the facility.
• Assist those who need help to exit the building.
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Fire Escape Plan
• Need to have two ways out in case one is blocked by fire or structural damage.
• If exiting into a fenced area, there must be a means of exit from the fence.
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Home Escape Plan
• Know two ways out of every room.
• Sleep with bedroom doors closed.
• Have smoke alarms and fire escape ladders.
• Set a meeting place away for all family members to gather.
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What are your exits?
• Picture the room where you sleep.
• Where are your two exits?
• Could you get out in the pitch black?
• Remember, you can’t see in a fire!
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Family Meeting Place
• Your family should have a “meeting place” outside, away from the house to meet in case of evacuation.
• A good place might be the mailbox or a neighbor’s front porch--assuming you know the neighbor!
• WHY???
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Family Meeting Place
• Having a family meeting place lets everyone know that the whole family has made it outside safely.
• Otherwise, someone might go back in looking for a family member who is already safely in the back yard!
• A meeting place saves lives!
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Family Meeting Place
• Remember to tell family overnight guests where the meeting place is.
• Arrange a meeting place when you’re away on vacation, as well.
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Family/Home Evacuation Drills• Vary the time of the drills.
• Hold announced and unannounced drills.
• When you stay in a hotel, locate the fire alarms and exits when you check into your room. Count the number of doors between your hotel room door and the stairwell door.
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Fun Fact!• When staying a hotel, you might want to
request a room below the ninth floor….• Why????
The aerial ladder on the fire truck won’t reach above the ninth floor!
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Most fatal fires occur between 8 pm - 8 am.
This is when people are sleeping.
During what time of day do you think most fatal fires
occur, and why?
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When in a situation with many people, ONE person should be designated as the
liaison to communicate with emergency responders
on the scene. This will help reduce conflicting
information.
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Building Evacuation
Now it’s time to practice!
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Module Five
Burn Prevention and Treatment
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♥Burns are the most traumatic injury the body can sustain.
♥Infection and shock are the two major concerns with burn injuries.
Burns
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♥12,000 people die each year in the U.S. from burn injuries.
♥1,100 are children.♥What do you think are the #1
cause of burns to children?
Burns
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♥Scalds are the #1 cause of burns to children.
♥Put pots on the back burner and turn handles inward.
♥Don’t let children reach hot liquids or be in bathroom unattended!
Burns
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♥Thermal: hot liquid or surface touches skin. Ex: scalds.
♥Chemical: a chemical substance touches skin. Ex: acid or bleach.
♥Electrical: electricity comes in contact with skin.
Types of Burns
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♥Keep electrical cords out of reach and outlets covered.
♥Keep matches and lighters away from children and teach them that these are tools for adults only.
Preventing Burns
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Call 911 immediately if the burn:
♥is due to chemicals or electricity.
♥covers a significant area of the body.
♥is to the face.
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Treating 1st and 2nd Degree Burns
First Degree
Second Degree
Third Degree
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♥Always call 911 for any 3° burn!
♥Cool with sterile water and cover with dry, sterile dressings.
♥Treat for shock by having the victim lie down with the feet elevated.
Treating 3° burns:
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♥Don’t use mayonnaise, butter, or ice!
♥Don’t put it in your mouth!♥Never pop blisters--infection is a
major concern!♥Don’t use burn gel on 3° burns!
What NOT to do for burns:
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♥Don’t remove clothing or jewelry that is stuck to the
burned area!♥Don’t touch the burn with
anything other than a clean covering!
What NOT to do for burns:
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Module Six
Youthful Fire Setting
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Child Fire Play
• Typically performed by children 18 months old – 6 years old who do not understand the consequence of their actions.
• Children are setting more than 100,000 fires each year in the United States.
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Child Fire Play
• Child fire play is the leading cause of death in residential fires for preschool age children.
• Curiosity is the motivating factor.
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Juvenile Fire Setting
• Typically children ages 7 – 18.
• Fire setting in this category accounts for 40% of all fires started by children and 50% of arson arrests.
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Warning Signs• Poor relationships with other
children.
• Frequent negative behaviors such as impulsiveness, stealing, showing off….
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Warning Signs
• Disruptive parental or home situations.
• Low self esteem & limited participation in activities.
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Module Seven
Teaching Fire Safety to Children
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Teaching Fire Safety to Children
• Adjust an adult vocabulary to meet the level of the preschool child.
• Use simple and basic language.
• Keep messages simple and brief, such as “Stop, Drop, and Roll!”
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What every child should learn:
• Dial 911 in an emergency only.
• Home address and phone number.
• Stay on the line with 911 dispatcher until help arrives.
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Teaching 911 skills:
• Teach 9-1-1, not “nine-eleven”. Children may look for the eleven button on the phone.
• Children ages 3-5 tend to dial 9-9-1 -- have them practice on a play phone.