What is Fire?

Fire is a chemical reaction of oxygen, heat, fuel and burning material, met together will start the fire.

Fire Safety

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Fire Tetrahedron

A fire needs four main elements to occur

Fuel

Oxygen

Heat

Chemical reaction

Fire

Commercial kitchen fires such as burning oils and grease

Fire Classifications

Ordinary combustibles (wood, paper, cloth, rubber, plastics, etc.)

Flammable liquids

Live electrical current is present

Certain combustible metals (aluminum, magnesium, sodium, etc.)

classification

Classes and extinguishers

Fire extinguisher color code

HEAT TRANSFER

CONDUCTION

CONVECTION

RADIATION

Causes

Fires in workplaces start for many different reasons. Some of the most common causes of workplace fires are:

Electrical equipment

Hot work

Smoking

Cooking appliances

Heating appliances,

Unsafe use and storage of flammable liquids and gases

Mechanical heat

chemical reactions

COMMON CAUSES OF FIRES IN WORKPLACES

o Flammable liquids should be stored in approved safety containers with vapor-tight, self-closing covers.

o Minimize the build-up of static electricity by bonding and grounding metal containers

o Use a ground wire from the drum to an earth ground for as long as a drum is in use

o Attach a bonding wire from the container to the drum before filling the container.

Handling Flammable Liquids

Proper set-up of drum,

container, ground and and bonding wire

One gallon of gasoline exploding has the

same energy as 81 lbs. of dynamite

Flammable Liquids Safe Set-Up

Combustible and flammable materials are removed from the work area.

Items that cannot be removed are covered with fire-retardant blankets.

The floor is swept clean.

Any wooden floor is damped down.

A suitable fire extinguisher is at hand.

A “fire-watcher” is present in the area while the work is carried out.

The work area is visited routinely after the work has finished to check the area for smoldering.

precautions for control of hot work:

Good fire prevention

Keep work areas clean and clutter free

Know hazards of chemicals you work with

Respect smoking restrictions

Dispose of combustible materials

Change oil soaked or contaminated clothing

Clean up chemical spills and oil immediately

Prevention

Good fire protection practices

Maintain and inspect all equipment routinely

Keep fire lanes open and unobstructed

Never block access to firefighting equipment

Never move equipment or alter it in any way

Protection

Essential part of workplace safety

•Forms of protection include

Detection systems

Portable extinguishers

Fixed extinguisher systems

Alarms

Trained fire brigades

•Properly trained workers take part in the fire prevention system

Protection

Alert workers to the presence of fire

•Three forms of fire detection

Heat

Smoke

Flame

•Alarms must work at all times

•Maintenance and repairs Done by qualified and designated workers

Fire Detection

Warns workers of fire

Must have distinct sound

Qualified worker must service, maintain and test

Alarm Systems

o Fire extinguishers eliminate elements of fire tetrahedron

o If tetrahedron is broken, fire will go out

o Additional cooling and water may be necessary

Fire Extinguishing

Carrying handle/operating lever

Locking pin

Pressure gauge (except for CO² extinguishers)

Discharge nozzle or horn

Instructional label

Inspection tag

FIRE EXTINGUISHER COMPONENTS

Method

To properly extinguish a fire use the PASS method

Pull the pin

Aim at the base of the fire

Squeeze lever

Sweep back and forth

Extinguisher (how to Use)

USING THE FIRE EXTINGUISHER

CHECK THE GAUGE

ACME FIRE

EXTINGUISHER

USING THE FIRE EXTINGUISHER

PULL THE PIN

ACME FIRE

EXTINGUISHER

USING THE FIRE EXTINGUISHER SQUEEZE THE TRIGGER WHILE HOLDING THE EXTINGUISHER

UPRIGHT.

ACME FIRE

EXTINGUISHER

USING THE FIRE EXTINGUISHER AIM THE EXTINGUISHER AT THE BASE OF THE FLAMES.

SWEEP SIDE TO SIDE.

• If you should catch on fire:

STOP - where you are

DROP - to the floor

ROLL - around on the floor

This will smother the flames, possibly saving your life.

Just remember to STOP, DROP and ROLL.

If a co-worker catches on fire, smother flames by grabbing a

blanket or rug and wrapping them up in it. That could save them

from serious burns or even death.

What to do if Someone Catches on Fire

The last one out of the room should not lock the door, just close it. Locking the door hinders the fire department's search and rescue efforts.

Proceed to the exit as outlined in the Emergency Action Plan.

NEVER, NEVER use elevators under any circumstances.

Stay low to avoid smoke and toxic gases. The best air is close to the floor, so crawl if necessary.

How to Evacuate a Burning Building

If possible, cover your mouth and nose with

a damp cloth to help you breathe.

Once in the stairwell, proceed down to the

first floor. Never go up.

Once outside the building, report to a

predetermined area so that a head count

can be taken.

How to Evacuate a Burning Building

Emergency information should be displayed in a visible location in the building for a

quick reference in case of an emergency. This information includes:

• Evacuation routes

• Evacuation guidelines

• Emergency telephone numbers

DESIGNATED ASSEMBLY AREAS

EVACUATION PLAN AND EMERGENCY INFORMATION

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Badshah

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