* BASIC FIRE SAFETY M. SRINIVASA RAO - Manager EHSAptuit Laurus Pvt. Limited,J. N. Pharma City,Visakhapatnam 531021Andhra PradeshMobile: +919652989892

*-Fire is a chemical reaction of 3 elements.What is FIRE?Need all three components to start a fire.Fire extinguishers remove one or more of the components.

*The Fire Triangle identifies the three components of any Fire:

Fuel paper, wood, flammable gas, energized electrical equipment, etc...Energy (heat), sufficient to support combustion. Often referred to as the ignition source.Oxidizer (air) IF ANY ONE OF THESE IS MISSING, A FIRE CANNOT CONTINUE. What is FIRE? (Contd.)

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The Combustion Process THE FIRE TETRAHEDRON (NEW CONCEPT)FUEL

*Types ofD

Fire ClassFire TypeMaterials involvedAGeneralWood, paper, cloth, trash etc

BFlammable LiquidsFlammable solvents, liquids, Oils, Greases, Paints etcCElectricalFlammable GasesEnergized electrical equipment and All flammable gasesDMetalsWater reactive Chemicals, Combustible metals etc

*Fire Extinguisher AnatomyDISCHARGE HOSEDISCHARGE NOZZLEDISCHARGE ORIFICEBODYDATA PLATECARRYINGHANDLEPRESSURE GAUGE(not found on CO2extinguishers)DISCHARGE LEVERDISCHARGE LOCKING PINAND SEAL

*Different Kinds of Fire ExtinguishersThe 4 most common fire extinguishers:

Water TypeMechanical FoamDry Chemical PowderCarbon Dioxide

Each kind of extinguisher has a specific use

*Applications of Fire ExtinguishersNote: X- means can be used on Small surface fires.

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*How to use a Fire ExtinguisherRemember this easy acronym when using an extinguisher - P.A.S.S.

Pull the pin.Aim the nozzle.Squeeze the handle.Sweep side to side at the base of the fire.

*Fire Extinguisher Summary

EXTINGUISHER WORKS ASEFFECTIVE AGAINSTPRESSURIZED WATERCOOLINGMECHANICAL FOAMBLANKETINGDRY CHEMICAL POWDERSMOTHERINGCARBON DIOXIDESMOTHERINGDRY SANDBLANKETING

*Major FiresFire Hydrant System- Pressure in the System: 7.0 Kg/Cm2- Water Reservoir Capacity: 2 times than pump capacity- Main Pump: 273 m3/Hr- Diesel Engine Pump (Stand by): 273 m3/Hr- Jokey Pump: 10 m3/Hr # Single Hydrants, # Water monitors, # Water Sprinklers,# Mobile Foam Monitors# Different nozzles

*Major Fires (Contd.)Fire Suppression System

- FM 200 (or) Carbon dioxide - DCP flooding system- Water Sprinklers- Foam spray system etc...

*Major Fires (Contd.)Mutual aid/ External Help

- Fire Tenders- External Agencies- External Experts- Regulatory Authorities etc...

*Fire Emergency ResponseRescue rescue clients in immediate danger.

Alert Shout Fire! Fire! (or) Pull fire alarm (or) Dial emergency phone number.

Contain Close all doors and windows.

Extinguish/ Evacuate Extinguish small fires, evacuate clients, if appropriate.Remember to RACE during a fire

*Response at Fire situationFUELIGNITIONIndoor FireXAIROutdoor FireFUELIGNITIONAIRXXX

*Know department emergency procedures and evacuation routes.Know locations of extinguishers in your area and how to use them.Always sound the alarm regardless of fire size.Avoid smoky conditions.Ensure area is evacuated.Dont attempt to fight unless:Alarm is sounded.Fire is small and contained.You have safe egress route (can be reached without exposure to fire).Available extinguishers are rated for size and type of fire.Evacuate! If in doubt.Firefighting Decision Criteria

*Most Fire Deaths are NOT BurnVictims!Causes of Death in Fires - SMOKEHydrogen cyanideHydro cyanic acidCarbon monoxideOther toxic vapors Trauma (non-burn)

* Most ImportantOnly fight a fire in the incipient stage

NEVER fight a fire if any of the following apply: - Dont have the proper extinguisher or equipment. - Fire has spread beyond its point of origin. - Your instincts tell you GET OUT

When NOT to Fight FIRE? - Remember to keep an exit to your back.

*1. STOP! Do not run! (Running only makes the fire bigger) 2. DROP! (Drop to the ground or floor) 3. ROLL! (Roll over and over until the flames are smothered. Cover face with hands) You should stop drop and roll, only when your clothes are on fire. If your clothes catch fire, it's normal to be a bit scared, but try not to panic.

By learning how to Stop, Drop, and Roll, you will have a better chance of being okay.

STOP, DROP and ROLL

*FIRE PREVENTIONPrevention is always better than Control. To pre prevent the Fire accidents we have to eliminate the common Fire Hazards of the work are Heat generating appliances.Static Electricity and Short circuits.Non-Flame proof equipments.Storage and handling of flammables/combustibles.Open flames and Hot surfaces.Exothermic reactions leads to explosions.Vehicles and equipment and other unsafe acts & conditions.

*Fire can be prevented by considering the following issues

Flame proof equipmentGood housekeepingProper VentilationAnti Static measuresPersonnel awarenessWork proceduresSafe work practicesRight toolsFIRE PREVENTION (contd)

*Remember the FollowingPortable fire extinguishers are suitable for small fires. i.e. The fires are in the incipient stage.Portable fire extinguishers can be handled by any work place personnel, who had aware in its handling.If the Fire is large leave it to ERT members (Firefighting), they can control the fire by using Fire hydrant / Other appropriate measures.All new entrants should be instructed in Fire safety awareness and emergency evacuation plans.