first aid for colleges and universities 10th edition chapter 30 © 2012 pearson education, inc....

First Aid for Colleges and Universities

10th Edition

Chapter 30

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

Vehicle Stabilization and Extrication

Slide Presentation prepared by

Randall Benner, M.Ed., NREMT-P

Learning Objectives

• Discuss how to locate all victims of a vehicle accident.

• Discuss how to deal with dangers at the scene of a vehicle accident.

• Describe how to stabilize a vehicle.• List the basic tools and equipment needed to

rescue a victim from a vehicle.


Learning Objectives

• Describe how to gain access to a victim who is trapped in a vehicle.

• Describe and demonstrate how to stabilize a victim trapped in a vehicle.

• Describe and demonstrate how to remove a victim who is lying on the seat of a vehicle.

• Describe and demonstrate how to remove a victim who is lying on the floor of a vehicle.


Introduction

• Extrication is the process of removing a victim from a dangerous situation, typically from inside a wrecked vehicle.

• Most often, EMS and the fire department (FD) perform extrications.

• If EMS or FD have not arrived and the victim is in peril, the First Aider must think and act quickly to get inside the vehicle and save the victim.


Basic Guidelines

• First priority is to secure your own safety so that you can perform your duties

• You must ensure that– You can safely reach the victim– You can render first aid care– You can move supplies or equipment– You can safely enlist the help of others without risk to

anyone


Basic Guidelines

• Usually the victim can and should remain their vehicle

• If danger is present, follow these steps– Control hazards, stabilize the scene– Gain access to the victim safely– Perform life-saving skills– Remain with the victim until EMS arrives

• If the victim should be moved from the vehicle, consider the following factors– Your strength, the victim’s size and condition, the

availability of others to help


Basic Guidelines

• Deciding to stop at the scene– If you’re not directly involved in an accident, there is

no legal obligation to stop.– Some people regard stopping to offer help a moral

obligation.– Don’t stop if police, fire, or emergency personnel are

already on scene.– First thing you should do if alone is call 911.– Assess the scene, stabilize vehicles, render any care

that you are trained for and capable of doing.


Basic Guidelines

• Keeping yourself safe– Park well off the road.– Position markers, flashers and/or flares around

vehicles.– Ensure all bystanders are safe.– Be careful to not accidentally ignite any spilled

gasoline or other flammable fluids.


Basic Guidelines

• Locating all victims– Care for any victims found immediately.– If multiple victims are present, provide early triage.– Attempt to locate others.

• Ask coherent passengers if others were present.• Ask witnesses if anyone left the scene.• Search all around vehicles in high-impact collisions.• Look for tracks in the dirt or snow possibly indicating

someone has wandered away.• Check for evidence in the vehicle of multiple victims

(e.g., baby seat, multiple jackets, personal items, etc.).


Basic Guidelines

• Dealing with dangers– Ensure that vehicle engines are turned off.– Move injured victims before attempting to extinguish

any fires.– If victims are trapped, deal with fires first.– If electrical wires are down, remain clear of them.– Instruct victims to stay in car if electrical wires are in

contact with their vehicle.


Basic Guidelines

• Stabilizing the vehicle– Determine the need for vehicle stabilization.– Ensure the gear selector is in park, block tires.– If airbags are not deployed, remove negative battery

cable.

• Tools and equipment– Carry an assortment of hand tools in your vehicle

(hammer, screwdriver, pliers, shovel, chisel, crowbar, car jack, rope or chain, gloves).


Gaining Access to the Victim

• Attempt first to use the vehicle doors.• If locked, instruct a conscious victim inside to

unlock them.• If victim is unconscious, break a side window.


Stabilizing and Moving the Victim

• Basic procedures– Conduct a primary survey of the victims.– Stabilize threats to the airway, breathing, and

circulation.– If the victim must be removed, provide immobilization

as best possible.– Monitor the victim until EMS arrives.



• Removing a victim from the seat– Maintain stabilization of spine.– Apply an improvised or rigid cervical collar.– Instruct other rescuers to keep the victim's head and

body aligned.– Use a backboard if available and you’re trained in its

use.– Secure the victim to the backboard.– Remove the victim from the car to a safe location.– Continue to care for and monitor the victim until EMS

arrives.



• Moving the victim onto a backboard



• Removing a victim lying on the floor– Place the backboard on the seat.– Keep the victim’s head and body aligned.– With additional help, lift the victim by grasping their

clothing at the waist, hips, and thighs.– Lift the victim carefully to a supine position on the

backboard.– Secure the victim and remove them from the car to a

safe location.– Continue to care for and monitor the victim until

EMS arrives.


Removing a Victim From the Seat


Summary

• The First Aider may find themselves the first one on the scene of an accident.

• When possible, leave the victim in the car and administer care until EMS arrives.

• Ensure that you account for all possible victims.• Keep safety as a primary goal for yourself.• Remove the victim from the car only when

necessary.• Address ABCs and monitor the victim until EMS

arrives.


first aid for colleges and universities 10th edition chapter 30 © 2012 pearson education, inc....

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