first class cadet training the royal air force (raf) – lecture 1 – history
TRANSCRIPT
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First Class Cadet Training
The Royal Air Force (RAF) – Lecture 1 – History
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The RAF Mission
The mission of the RAF is to:"Produce a battle-winning agile air
force: fit for the challenges of today; ready for the tasks of tomorrow; capable of building for the future; working within Defence to achieve shared purpose."
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The RAF - Vision
The RAFs vision of itself is:
"An AGILE and ADAPTABLE Air Force that, person for person , is second to none, and that is able to provide a WINNING air power contribution to joint operations in support of the Defence Mission."
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Development of the Royal Air Force
• Except for the use of balloons for reconnaissance, military aviation in the U.K started in May 1912 with the formation of The Royal Flying Corps.
• In June 1914 the navy broke away and formed the Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS)
• Aircraft mainly used for reconnaissance until Germans began to use fighter aircraft to shoot down our reconnaissance machines that we countered with our own British fighters.
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The Sopwith Pup was highly successful during the early years of the RFC in 1917
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Development of the Royal Air Force
• On 1st April 1918 the Royal Air Force was born through the amalgamation of the existing RFC and RNAS
• At end of war RAF had 190 Sqns with 290,000 men- in less than two years strength dropped to 30 sqns and 25,000 men.
• Sir Winston Churchill and Lord Trenchard (Father of the RAF) agreed it should be kept at operational strength
• Royal Air Force Cadet College Cranwell (1920)
• Apprentices School at RAF Halton (1922)• RAF Staff College Andover (1922)
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The RAF during the inter-war years
• RAF won the Schneider trophy in 1927, 1929 and 1931.
• Development of radio location to detect and locate aircraft- Radio Detection and Ranging (RADAR)
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The RAF in the Second World War
• Between May and June 1940 Fighter Command flew more than 2,750 sorties to provide air superiority over the Dunkirk beaches to cover the evacuation of the British army from France.
• Battle of Britain- 1940 six hundred to seven hundred fighters mainly spitfires and Hurricanes flew daily against the Luftwaffe’s force of 1,000 fighters and 1,250 bombers.
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After World War Two
• As in 1918, the end of hostilities again led to the contraction of the Royal Air Force.
• The re-equipment with jet-engined aircraft in the post war years marked a revolutionary change in the service.
• Meteors and Vampires began a long line of military jet-engined aircraft in which the Canberra became the first jet-engined bomber to enter service.
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The Canberra was the first jet-engined bomber to enter
RAF service.
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First Jet Transport • In 1956 the RAF’s first jet-engined
transport squadron of Comet 2s – based on the first jet civilian airliner
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V-Bombers: The Nuclear Deterrent
• V-bombers became Britain’s answer to nuclear deterrent.
• Valiant aircraft dropped first atomic bomb at Maralinga in 1956 and first Hydrogen bomb at Christmas Island in 1957.Valiant
VictorVulcan
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RAFs first supersonic jet fighter
• In 1960 the first RAF supersonic fighter, the Mach 2 lighting entered service.
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Harrier, Joint Aircraft• In 1969 RAF achieved another first when V/STOL
Harrier, the World’s first fixed-wing Vertical/short take-off/landing entered service
• Other developments brought the Nimrod, Buccaneer, the Phantom and the Hercules into RAF Service
Harrier GR7A
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Buccaneer
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Nimrod
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Phantom
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C-130J Hercules
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Multi-Country Aircraft Development
• Close ties with Europe has resulted in arrangements with France for the joint development and production of the Jaguar and 3 types of helicopter; Puma, Gazelle and Lynx (operated by the Army Air Corps)
Jaguar GR3
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Puma
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Tornado F3 & GR4A
• The Tornado was developed and produced in Britain, Germany and Italy.
Tornado GR4A
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Tornado F3 – to be replaced by Typhoon
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Eurofighter Typhoon
• A joint-nation project to act as a multi-role strike fighter
• Named by an AIR CADET as the ‘Typhoon’!
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Eurofighter Typhoon
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NATO
• To a large extent Britain’s security lies in the strength of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO alliance)
• It is to NATO that a larger part of Britain’s military forces are committed.
• British interests and responsibilities are also world-wide and so Britain must be willing, within her means to play her part in countering threats to peace outside Europe.
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Falklands Conflict• In 1982 the Falklands War provided a stern
test of the RAF’s ability to deploy force at extreme range.
• The nearest available air base was at Ascension Island, beyond normal range from the
Falklands.• Air-to-Air refueling became the vital factor and
the emergency conversion of tankers and receivers, together with training of crews became a top priority.
• During this conflict Vulcan bombers were• used to carry out the longest range strategic
bombing missions in the history of air power.
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Falklands Conflict
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Gulf War 1990-1991
• In 1990 Britain’s ability to apply air power at long range was tested once again when Iraq invaded Kuwait and the RAF, as part of a United Nations Coalition force, played its part in liberating the country.
• It showed the value of rapid response - A Tornado F3 Sqn was flying operational missions from Saudi Arabia within 50 hours of the Government’s decision to deploy its forces - effectively deterring further Iraqi aggression.
• Another important feature of the Gulf War was the accuracy of the bombing using laser, TV and infra-red guided bombs and rockets.
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Gulf War 1990-1991
• An accurate bombing raid in 1943 was considered to be 90% of the bombs falling within 3 miles of the target in the Gulf, 90% of the precision guided munitions landed within 5 feet of the point of aim.
• This high level of accuracy enabled the RAF to attack specific targets with little risk of unwanted damage or unintentional civilian casualties.
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Current RAF Deployments
• Iraq – Peace keeping/anti-terrorism• Afghanistan - Peace keeping/anti-
terrorism• The Balkans – UN led mission –
medical, bomb disposal, supply operations
• Northern Ireland – Helicopter support• The Falkland Islands – island security –
fighter cover, supply operations, SAR
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Iraq
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Afghanistan
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Questions
• The name of the organisation from which the RAF developed was?
The Royal Flying Corp.• The RAF was founded in?1918• Which bombers provided Britain’s
first nuclear deterrent?V-bombers