first in africa liquid organic hydrogen carrier (lohc
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: First in Africa liquid organic hydrogen carrier (LOHC](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012703/61a5127bafbdcd511b36c7bb/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
First in Africa liquid organic hydrogen carrier (LOHC) system - a pilot plant for renewable energy storage
by Philllimon Modisha , Gerhard Human & Dmitri Bessarabov, HySA Infrastructure
![Page 2: First in Africa liquid organic hydrogen carrier (LOHC](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012703/61a5127bafbdcd511b36c7bb/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Table of Contents
• Background & Motivation
• Energy storage technologies
• Chemical storage
• Liquid organic hydrogen carriers
• 1st in Africa LOHC pilot plant
• Conclusions
![Page 3: First in Africa liquid organic hydrogen carrier (LOHC](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012703/61a5127bafbdcd511b36c7bb/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Background & MotivationHySA Infrastructure CoC
Director: Dr Dmitri Bessarabov
Focus areas: Hydrogen Production
and Storage
Projects:
• Solar to Hydrogen (generation,
compression/ storage)
• Hydrogen storage on/in porous
materials (MOF, CNS)
• Chemical Carriers (Ammonia,
Formic Acid, LOHC)
• Composite Overwrapped
Pressure Vessels
![Page 4: First in Africa liquid organic hydrogen carrier (LOHC](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012703/61a5127bafbdcd511b36c7bb/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Background & Motivation
LOHC
• New energy storage technologies for efficient and reliable Renewable Energy need to be developed.
• Conventional energy storage system have limitations such as: high costs, long lead time, self discharge, low energy density, safety, etc.
![Page 5: First in Africa liquid organic hydrogen carrier (LOHC](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012703/61a5127bafbdcd511b36c7bb/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
LOHC (liquid organic hydrogen carrier): Hydrocarbon molecule that store/ release hydrogen through catalytic hydrogenation/ dehydrogenation.
A SASOL produced Marlotherm SH® (mixture of dibenzyltoluene isomers) is classified as an excellent liquid organic hydrogen carrier (LOHC).
The high boiling point, low melting point and high H2 storage capacity (1m3 MSH= 624 m3 (57 kg) of H2 ) express Marlotherm SH ® as an excellent hydrogen carrier.
Aslam et al, Separation and Purification Technology 163 (2016) 140-144
Marlotherm SH: mixture of dibenzyltolueneisomers
Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers
![Page 6: First in Africa liquid organic hydrogen carrier (LOHC](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012703/61a5127bafbdcd511b36c7bb/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Comparison of Chemical H2 storage systems
of Chemical H2 storage systems
Okada et al, Technical paper, Technology Development Unit, Chiyoda Corporation, Japan
Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers
![Page 7: First in Africa liquid organic hydrogen carrier (LOHC](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012703/61a5127bafbdcd511b36c7bb/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Examples of LOHC Systems & Selection Criteria
Markiewicz et al, Energy Environ. Sci., 2015, 8, 1035
Selection of a suitable LOHC System
Hydrogen capacity (mass H2 / kg (liter) LOHC system)
Rate of charging/decharging (kinetics)
Selectivity and stability
Melting point and boiling point of carrier fluid
Compatibility to today‘s infrastructure for fuels
Safety aspects
Toxicology and ecotoxicology
![Page 8: First in Africa liquid organic hydrogen carrier (LOHC](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012703/61a5127bafbdcd511b36c7bb/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Advantages of using LOHC using
LOHCs
© Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., 2010 Pub. No. 352-10-001-GLB
Not consumable like diesel or petrol, only H2 is released.Diesel like properties-easy to transportEfficient : 1kg LOHC= 2.2 kWhLong term storage without self dischargeSafe: Less toxic than diesel, No CO2 / CO emissions, non-flammableEasy to store at ambient conditions
![Page 9: First in Africa liquid organic hydrogen carrier (LOHC](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012703/61a5127bafbdcd511b36c7bb/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Pumped hydro=100mCAES=2MPaH2 storage underground, 200 barH2 tube storage: 120 bar H2 Storage aboveground 18 bar
Comparison of long term energy storage technologieshnolog
Copyright 2015 Siemens AG
![Page 10: First in Africa liquid organic hydrogen carrier (LOHC](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012703/61a5127bafbdcd511b36c7bb/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Compressed H2 gas vs LOHC
57 kg H2
1800 kg H2
1,9 MWh
60 MWh
![Page 11: First in Africa liquid organic hydrogen carrier (LOHC](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012703/61a5127bafbdcd511b36c7bb/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Reversible hydrogen storage
Renewable energy storage
30 bar, 65.4 kJ/molPGM/Al2O3, 150 oC
1 bar, 65.4 kJ/molPGM/Al2O3, 300 oC
![Page 12: First in Africa liquid organic hydrogen carrier (LOHC](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012703/61a5127bafbdcd511b36c7bb/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Hydrogenation pilot plant
Specifications• H2 consumption: 1000 NL/hr• Max operating pressure :40 bar• Max operating temperature: 300 °C
• Reactor volume: 50 litres• LOHC production: 1,3L/hr (3 kW/hr)• Hydrogenation grade:>99 %
![Page 13: First in Africa liquid organic hydrogen carrier (LOHC](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012703/61a5127bafbdcd511b36c7bb/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Parametric effects on DBT conversion: Hydrogenation reaction
![Page 14: First in Africa liquid organic hydrogen carrier (LOHC](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012703/61a5127bafbdcd511b36c7bb/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Liquid Carrier Stability Tests
Lab Scale Hydrogenation system Lab scale dehydrogenation system
Rapid hydrogenation and dehydrogenation for cycling stability
![Page 15: First in Africa liquid organic hydrogen carrier (LOHC](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012703/61a5127bafbdcd511b36c7bb/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Specifications
• H2 consumption: 4000 NL/hr• LOHC production: 5,5 L/hr
Pre-Commercial System for Hydrogen Storage
![Page 16: First in Africa liquid organic hydrogen carrier (LOHC](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012703/61a5127bafbdcd511b36c7bb/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Conclusions
• The LOHC hydrogenation plant was successfully commissioned and operational
• Pre-commercial quantities delivered to various customers
• High liquid feed flow decrease DBT conversion
• High DBT conversion can be achieved at 35 bar 180 oC and low flow rate.
• Or 30 bar 150 oC and recirculation to achieve even high degree of hydrogenation >99 %
![Page 17: First in Africa liquid organic hydrogen carrier (LOHC](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012703/61a5127bafbdcd511b36c7bb/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Thank you!