First Industrial Revolution

Goal 2 Part 4

Mass Production / Industrial Revolution

• Industrial Revolution: machines “replace” hand tools, large-scale factory production developed– Begins in Britain and affects America

• Mass Production- production of goods in large quantities

America after Embargo Act of 1807 / War of 1812

• Remember: Embargo Act of 1807 = failure (WHY?)• Economic standstill /(America looked for other means

of making $) • RESULTS:

– North = businesses / factories / small farms (no need for slaves) / especially New England states

– South = agriculture (farming) / large plantations (fertile land)

V

Samuel Slater

• Factory System (got idea from British), bring people to work in your shop cuts down cost and increase productivity.

Eli Whitney’s Inventions

• invented the (1) “COTTON GIN”

– an efficient machine that cleaned out the seeds in cotton / made for quicker and more efficient ways of growing cotton

(2) “Interchangeable” parts – parts that are exactly alike– Purpose: one part breaks, get the same part off the shelf!

Cotton Gin accelerates slavery in 1820s

• *** THE COTTON GIN ACCELERATED THE EXPANSION OF SLAVERY ***

Africans Americans affected the MOST from the Cotton Gin

Other Inventions

• Elias Howe/Isaac Singer – Sewing Machine• Samuel Morse – Telegraph - allowed for

communication by wire over long distances.

Factory Workers = Wage Slaves

• Bad working conditions• Low wages• Long hours

Industrial Revolution

• Two systems of recruitment emerged to bring in labor supply to textile mills – Whole families recruited – Lowell System - recruited young women,

introduced the use of dormitories for workers

Francis Cabot Lowell’s town - 1814

New EnglandTextile

Centers:

1830s

New England Dominance in Textiles

Farming

• John Deere – Steel Plow - used by Western farms especially to break up the thick soil, its light and durable.

• Cyrus McCormick – Mechanical Reaper - used by farmers, this invention cut harvesting time of grain crops down, which increases productivity.

Steamboats

• Robert Fulton - used a steam engine to power boats along the Mississippi River and Great Lakes.

Transportation Improvements

• Erie Canal – connected the east (NY) and the west (Great Lakes) by water

• Cumberland Road – connected east (Maryland) and west (Illinois) by road

Railroad• Fast• Reliable• Cheaper than canals to construct• Not frozen in winter

The Pony Express

Between April, 1860 and Nov., 1861. Delivered news and mail between St. Louis, MO and San Francisco, CA. Took 10 days. Replaced by the completion of the trans-continental telegraph line.

Market Revolution

• South – raised cotton sent cotton to New England and Britain

• West – grain and livestock fed factory workers in East and Europe

• East – machines and textiles South and West