first results from the palomar transient factory eran ofek einstein fellow caltech
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: First results from The Palomar Transient Factory Eran Ofek Einstein fellow CALTECH](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee95503460f94bfae2a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
First results fromThe
Palomar Transient Factory
Eran OfekEinstein fellow
CALTECH
![Page 2: First results from The Palomar Transient Factory Eran Ofek Einstein fellow CALTECH](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee95503460f94bfae2a/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Talk Layout
PTF goals
System overview
Capabilities and products
What have we found so far?
Next Generation Transients Factory
![Page 3: First results from The Palomar Transient Factory Eran Ofek Einstein fellow CALTECH](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee95503460f94bfae2a/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
PTF collaborationPI: S. R. Kulkarni
Caltech, LCOGT, Berkeley, LBL, IPAC, Columbia, Oxford, Weizmann
![Page 4: First results from The Palomar Transient Factory Eran Ofek Einstein fellow CALTECH](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee95503460f94bfae2a/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
PTF goals
To study the transient and variable sky
Core collapse SNe
Calibrating SN Ia for cosmology
Explore new regions of transients parameter space
Stellar variability: RR Lyr, AM CVn,…
Solar system: Asteroid rotations
Law et al., Rau et al.
![Page 5: First results from The Palomar Transient Factory Eran Ofek Einstein fellow CALTECH](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee95503460f94bfae2a/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
PTF system overview
48” Oschin Schmidt camera (Palomar obs.)
7.2 deg2 FOV (92 Mpix)
Scale: 1”/pix, lim. mag ~21
Robotic telescope & scheduler Full automatic operation Auto. Selection of science targets
![Page 6: First results from The Palomar Transient Factory Eran Ofek Einstein fellow CALTECH](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee95503460f94bfae2a/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
PTF system overview
60s exposure + 35s readout ~510,000 deg2 yr-1
Filters: g, R, H+
Real time imageSubtraction andTransientclassification
![Page 7: First results from The Palomar Transient Factory Eran Ofek Einstein fellow CALTECH](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee95503460f94bfae2a/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
PTF system overviewReal time transient classification
Galaxy zoo transient
![Page 8: First results from The Palomar Transient Factory Eran Ofek Einstein fellow CALTECH](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee95503460f94bfae2a/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
PTF observing strategy Observing strategy
40% : 3-day cadence
40% : 1-day cadence
10% : All sky H survey
10% : Monitoring of star formation regions
![Page 9: First results from The Palomar Transient Factory Eran Ofek Einstein fellow CALTECH](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee95503460f94bfae2a/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
PTF followup
![Page 10: First results from The Palomar Transient Factory Eran Ofek Einstein fellow CALTECH](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee95503460f94bfae2a/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
What did we observe so far?
Log 1
0(N
imag
es)
![Page 11: First results from The Palomar Transient Factory Eran Ofek Einstein fellow CALTECH](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee95503460f94bfae2a/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Abs. photometry
Abs. photometry calibration good to 2-3%
Using SDSS starsas standard stars tocalibrate fields outsideSDSS footprint(photometric nights)
CCD 4
![Page 12: First results from The Palomar Transient Factory Eran Ofek Einstein fellow CALTECH](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee95503460f94bfae2a/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Relative photometry
Relative photometry ~3-5mmag
![Page 13: First results from The Palomar Transient Factory Eran Ofek Einstein fellow CALTECH](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee95503460f94bfae2a/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Deep coadd
Deep sky:~10 images lim. mag. ~22.5~100 images lim. mag. ~24
![Page 14: First results from The Palomar Transient Factory Eran Ofek Einstein fellow CALTECH](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee95503460f94bfae2a/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Data ReleaseFirst public data release: 2011
![Page 15: First results from The Palomar Transient Factory Eran Ofek Einstein fellow CALTECH](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee95503460f94bfae2a/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
GalacticWhat have we found?
Galactic: 51 dwarf novae
3 AM CVn
Planet candidates around M-dwarfs
PTF 10nvg: enhanced accretion and outflow in Class-I protostar
New FU Ori star
Levitan et al., in prep.
Law et al., in prep.
Covey et al., 1011.2565
Miller et al., 1011.2063
![Page 16: First results from The Palomar Transient Factory Eran Ofek Einstein fellow CALTECH](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee95503460f94bfae2a/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
AM CVnPrimary background noise for LISA
PTF 09hpkLe
vit
an
et
al.,
in p
rep
.
![Page 17: First results from The Palomar Transient Factory Eran Ofek Einstein fellow CALTECH](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee95503460f94bfae2a/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
FU Ori and otherPTF10qpf: new FU Ori star
Miller et al., 1011.2063
![Page 18: First results from The Palomar Transient Factory Eran Ofek Einstein fellow CALTECH](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee95503460f94bfae2a/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Planets around M-dwarfsOnly 16 planetary systems detected around M-dwarfs
Possible to find planets in the habitable zone…
Calibrating the mass-radius relation of M-dwarfs
Law et al., in prep.
![Page 19: First results from The Palomar Transient Factory Eran Ofek Einstein fellow CALTECH](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee95503460f94bfae2a/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Planets around M-dwarfsSome eclipsing M-dwarfs we found…
![Page 20: First results from The Palomar Transient Factory Eran Ofek Einstein fellow CALTECH](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee95503460f94bfae2a/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Planets around M-dwarfs
Consistent with secondary radius ~ 1.5-2.0 RJ
Law
et
al.,
in p
rep.
![Page 21: First results from The Palomar Transient Factory Eran Ofek Einstein fellow CALTECH](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee95503460f94bfae2a/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Planets around M-dwarfsLa
w e
t al.,
in p
rep.
![Page 22: First results from The Palomar Transient Factory Eran Ofek Einstein fellow CALTECH](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee95503460f94bfae2a/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Planets around M-dwarfsLa
w e
t al.,
in p
rep.
![Page 23: First results from The Palomar Transient Factory Eran Ofek Einstein fellow CALTECH](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee95503460f94bfae2a/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Asteroids rotationPoolis
hok
et
al.,
in p
rep
.
![Page 24: First results from The Palomar Transient Factory Eran Ofek Einstein fellow CALTECH](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee95503460f94bfae2a/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Asteroids rotationPoolis
hok
et
al.,
in p
rep
.
![Page 25: First results from The Palomar Transient Factory Eran Ofek Einstein fellow CALTECH](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee95503460f94bfae2a/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
ExtragalacticWhat have we found?
Since March 2009: >5,000 transient candidates 1036 spectroscopically confirmed SNe 692 Ia 49 Ibc 257 II~3% of these “SNe” are weird and hard to classify into existing scheme:e.g., faint and fast, Ca rich, luminous, etc. Kasliwal et al., 1005.1455
Kasliwal et al., ApJ 723, 98
![Page 26: First results from The Palomar Transient Factory Eran Ofek Einstein fellow CALTECH](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee95503460f94bfae2a/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
HST UV spectra of Ia SNePTF Can find SN Ia early PI: R. Ellis
![Page 27: First results from The Palomar Transient Factory Eran Ofek Einstein fellow CALTECH](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee95503460f94bfae2a/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
HST UV spectra of Ia SNeThe first dozen…Cooke et al., 1010.2211
![Page 28: First results from The Palomar Transient Factory Eran Ofek Einstein fellow CALTECH](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee95503460f94bfae2a/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
HST UV spectra of Ia SNeCooke et al., 1010.2211
The mean UV spectrum of the z~0 and z~0.5 agree, but somedifferences inmetallicabsorptions
![Page 29: First results from The Palomar Transient Factory Eran Ofek Einstein fellow CALTECH](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee95503460f94bfae2a/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
The hosts of CC SNeArcavi et al., ApJ 721, 777
MR<-18 MR>-18
Ic-BL and IIb are more common in dwarf hosts,Stripped CC (Ic) are not seen in dwarf hosts.
Probably because in lower metallicity hosts,Metallicity-driven mass loss is reduced.
![Page 30: First results from The Palomar Transient Factory Eran Ofek Einstein fellow CALTECH](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee95503460f94bfae2a/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
The SN2005E family
>23 kpc from NGC 1032No host: MR>-7Spec: He burning products Ca reach
Possibilities:Acc. Induced Collapse.Ia
May solve puzzles:
44Ca in Solar System44Ti->44Ca via b decayPositrons annihilationin Galactic bulge
Perets et al. Nature 465, 322
![Page 31: First results from The Palomar Transient Factory Eran Ofek Einstein fellow CALTECH](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee95503460f94bfae2a/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
The SN2005E family: 09dav40kpc from putative spiral hostAbs R mag ~-15Fast: 1 mag in 10 dayVery red, g-r = 1.2
Similar to SN1991bg but with HeHydrogen in nebular phase
Kasliwal et al., in prep.Sullivan et al., in prep.
![Page 32: First results from The Palomar Transient Factory Eran Ofek Einstein fellow CALTECH](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee95503460f94bfae2a/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
The SN2005E family: 10iuv
37 kpc from putative hostAbs R. mag ~ -15.Fast: 1 mag in 10 daysIntriguing Nebular Spectra
Kasliwal et al., in prep.
![Page 33: First results from The Palomar Transient Factory Eran Ofek Einstein fellow CALTECH](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee95503460f94bfae2a/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Luminous supernovae
Galactic: 51 dwarf novae; 2 AM CVn;…
![Page 34: First results from The Palomar Transient Factory Eran Ofek Einstein fellow CALTECH](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee95503460f94bfae2a/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Luminous supernovaeQuimby et al., 0910.0059
![Page 35: First results from The Palomar Transient Factory Eran Ofek Einstein fellow CALTECH](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee95503460f94bfae2a/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Luminous supernovaeQuimby et al., 0910.0059
![Page 36: First results from The Palomar Transient Factory Eran Ofek Einstein fellow CALTECH](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee95503460f94bfae2a/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Shock breakout / PTF
PTF detects SNe early -> can detect shock breakout (but still limited by cadence).
GALEX + PTF synergy
PTF + rapid follow up with Swift/UVOT/XRT
![Page 37: First results from The Palomar Transient Factory Eran Ofek Einstein fellow CALTECH](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee95503460f94bfae2a/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Shock breakout / PTFO
fek et al., Apj in press
PTF 09uj
![Page 38: First results from The Palomar Transient Factory Eran Ofek Einstein fellow CALTECH](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee95503460f94bfae2a/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Shock breakout / PTFO
fek et al., Apj in press
PTF 09uj
![Page 39: First results from The Palomar Transient Factory Eran Ofek Einstein fellow CALTECH](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee95503460f94bfae2a/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Shock breakout / PTF
vtr
TkvrL
c
vL
t
cvaT
v
c
BBB
422
24
24
2
7
2
7
ergE
yearMM
MM
KT
cmn
skmv
sun
sun
50
310
105~
/1.0~
3.0~
000,90~
105~
/000,13~
PTF 09uj
Ofek et al., A
pj in press
![Page 40: First results from The Palomar Transient Factory Eran Ofek Einstein fellow CALTECH](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee95503460f94bfae2a/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Shock breakout / PTFPTF 09dah
![Page 41: First results from The Palomar Transient Factory Eran Ofek Einstein fellow CALTECH](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee95503460f94bfae2a/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
NGTFThinking about the next project…
PTF-2 will have a ~30-40 deg2 cameraMounted on the 48” schmidt telescope
Simple scheduling – one day cadence objective: find them young
~8000 deg2 day-1
Scheduled for 2014
![Page 42: First results from The Palomar Transient Factory Eran Ofek Einstein fellow CALTECH](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee95503460f94bfae2a/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
EndThank you!
![Page 43: First results from The Palomar Transient Factory Eran Ofek Einstein fellow CALTECH](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee95503460f94bfae2a/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Shock breakout / Intro
Photons first emerge from SN (breakout) when they diffuse ahead of the shockfaster than the shock propogates
Happens at optical depth: =c/v
duration: ~r/c
Decay time: ~r/v
![Page 44: First results from The Palomar Transient Factory Eran Ofek Einstein fellow CALTECH](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee95503460f94bfae2a/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Fast supernovae: 10bhpKasliwal et al., ApJ 723, 98
Very fast: decay ~5 days, MR~-17(e.g., similar to SN200bj, [Poznanski+10])
![Page 45: First results from The Palomar Transient Factory Eran Ofek Einstein fellow CALTECH](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee95503460f94bfae2a/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Fast supernovae: 10bhpKasliwal et al., ApJ 723, 98
If powered by 56Ni then Ni mass ~0.02 Msun and SN quickly becomes optically thin to -rays.
AIC (?).Ia (?)
![Page 46: First results from The Palomar Transient Factory Eran Ofek Einstein fellow CALTECH](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee95503460f94bfae2a/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Luminous red novaPTF 10fqs in M99
Kasliwal et al., 1005.1455
Faint/slow event in M99: MR~-11
![Page 47: First results from The Palomar Transient Factory Eran Ofek Einstein fellow CALTECH](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee95503460f94bfae2a/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
PTF 10fqsKasliwal et al., 1005.1455
~10,000 km/s (?)
![Page 48: First results from The Palomar Transient Factory Eran Ofek Einstein fellow CALTECH](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee95503460f94bfae2a/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Search for SB in Chandra archive with Mike Muno
Downloaded the entire Chandra archive
Search for transients and highly variableObjects (on short time scale)
First pass completed: complete for events brighter than 40 counts
No SN 2008D-like events (Soderberg et al. 2008)
Next: calc. efficiency and extend to faint sources
![Page 49: First results from The Palomar Transient Factory Eran Ofek Einstein fellow CALTECH](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee95503460f94bfae2a/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Relative photometrySolution using linear least squares
mij – instrumental mag
i-star (1..p), j-image (1..q)
Solving per field (overlap between fields not guaranteed)
ij – instrumental mag err
ijij zmm
![Page 50: First results from The Palomar Transient Factory Eran Ofek Einstein fellow CALTECH](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee95503460f94bfae2a/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Relative photometryUsing linear least squares
23
22
21
13
12
11
100
010
001
010
010
010
100
010
001
001
001
001
m
m
m
m
m
m
P
?
?
?
i
j
m
z
P
H (“design matrix”)
Observations
Free p
ara
mete
rs
ijij zmm
![Page 51: First results from The Palomar Transient Factory Eran Ofek Einstein fellow CALTECH](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee95503460f94bfae2a/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Relative photometrySolution using linear least squares
ijij zmm
)()(1
22 HPmHPm ijT
ij ij
We need to solve (in the presence of errors):
![Page 52: First results from The Palomar Transient Factory Eran Ofek Einstein fellow CALTECH](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee95503460f94bfae2a/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Relative photometrySimultaneous absolute calibration
23
22
21
13
12
11
100
010
001
010
010
010
100
010
001
001
001
001
m
m
m
m
m
m
P H is (pq)x(p+q) matrixHowever, rank is p+q-1
jM
M1
100
010
001
000
000
000 Adding calibration block
![Page 53: First results from The Palomar Transient Factory Eran Ofek Einstein fellow CALTECH](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee95503460f94bfae2a/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Relative photometryAdditional de-trending
We can add more columns to H and P.For example: Airmass x color term
Positional terms
Multiple CCDs (i.e, overlap)
obsbm