first results of the quench-17 bundle test on debris formation · 2/23 11.02.2013-14.02.2013 j....
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KIT – University of the State of Baden-Württemberg and National Large-scale Research Center of the Helmholtz Association
Institute of Apllied Materials
www.kit.edu
First results of the QUENCH-17 bundle test
on debris formation J. Stuckert, J. Moch, C. Rössger, M. Steinbrück, M. Große
presented by J. Stuckert SARNET2: WP5-COOL Review Meeting
2/23 11.02.2013-14.02.2013
J. Stuckert – QUENCH-DEBRIS
WP5-COOL Review Meeting, Fuerteventura
Objectives of the QUENCH-17 test
• investigation of debris bed formation for bundle with completely oxidised Zry-4 claddings filled with segmented pellet simulators
• investigation of cooling of degraded bundle during the water reflood from bottom
3/23 11.02.2013-14.02.2013
J. Stuckert – QUENCH-DEBRIS
WP5-COOL Review Meeting, Fuerteventura
Status of bundle preparation
Zry cladding filled with ZrO2 pellet segments and ZrO2 powder
Hf shroud
4/23 11.02.2013-14.02.2013
J. Stuckert – QUENCH-DEBRIS
WP5-COOL Review Meeting, Fuerteventura
Quench test with completely oxidized cladding filled with segmented pellets.
Oxidation at 1773 K during 11600 s, quench with water 80 g/h
sample inside inductive furnace during quench
sample was destroyed during handling
ZrO2 powder reacted with clad metal
oxide
pellet segment
5/23 11.02.2013-14.02.2013
J. Stuckert – QUENCH-DEBRIS
WP5-COOL Review Meeting, Fuerteventura
load 10 – 100 N
check of through going oxidation
Two features of unheated test rods
+1350
+350
0
6/23 11.02.2013-14.02.2013
J. Stuckert – QUENCH-DEBRIS
WP5-COOL Review Meeting, Fuerteventura
3
5
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0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 70000 80000
Pow
er, k
W
Tem
pera
ture
, K
Time, s
950mm: TITA/13 850mm: TITD/12
550mm: TSH9/180 450mm: TSH8/270
350mm: TSH7/180 el. power
Test scenario: el. power and readings of TC at different elevations
950 mm
850 mm 550 mm
450 mm
350 mm
1) pre-oxidation stage with 2 g/s steam and 2 g/s Ar. Complete oxidation
of Zry-4 clads between 650 and 1150 mm
2) Test termination: reflood from bottom with water flow rate 10 g/s.
7/23 11.02.2013-14.02.2013
J. Stuckert – QUENCH-DEBRIS
WP5-COOL Review Meeting, Fuerteventura
0
20
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60
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100
120
0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 70000 80000
H2
rele
ase,
g
Time, s
MS measurementPSI: MELCOR calculation
Integral criterion of bundle oxidation progression: hydrogen release during oxidation of Zry and Hf parts
good correspondence with pre-test calculations
8/23 11.02.2013-14.02.2013
J. Stuckert – QUENCH-DEBRIS
WP5-COOL Review Meeting, Fuerteventura
0
0.05
0.1
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0.35
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0.45
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0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 70000 80000
Con
cent
ratio
n, %
Time, s
MS: He (Zrycladdings)
MS: Kr (Hfcladdings)
FM 406: Arthrough shrouddamage
Failures of Zry claddings and Hf shroud
1st failure of Zry cladding:
5235 s
shroud failure: 25245 s
no failure of Hf claddings was registered
9/23 11.02.2013-14.02.2013
J. Stuckert – QUENCH-DEBRIS
WP5-COOL Review Meeting, Fuerteventura
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1700
0
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12
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0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 70000 80000
Tem
pera
ture
, K
El. r
esis
tanc
e, O
hm
Time, s
R: 650 mm
T@550mm: TSH9/180
Indication of complete oxidation at 650 mm by el. resistance measurement
resistance decrease during annealing
complete oxidation at 650 mm
Ω Zr wire
10/23 11.02.2013-14.02.2013
J. Stuckert – QUENCH-DEBRIS
WP5-COOL Review Meeting, Fuerteventura
400
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1400
77000 77200 77400 77600 77800 78000 78200 78400
Tem
pera
ture
, K
Time, s
TGS 3i TGS 3oTGS 5i TGS 5oTGS 7i TGS 7oTGS 9i TGS 9oT@GS#2: TFS 16/7 T below GS#2: TFS 15/6
Indication of debris relocation to GS#2 (reaction of thermocouples TGS installed at the top of GS#2)
debris relocation
quench initiation
11/23 11.02.2013-14.02.2013
J. Stuckert – QUENCH-DEBRIS
WP5-COOL Review Meeting, Fuerteventura
-400
-200
0
200
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800
1000
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600
800
1000
1200
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78100 78200 78300 78400 78500 78600 78700 78800
Wat
er le
vel,
mm
Tem
pera
ture
, K
Time, s
TIT A/13TSH 13/270TSH 13/90TIT D/12TSH 12/180TSH 12/0TIT C/11TSH 11/180TSH 11/0TSH 10/270TSH 9/180TSH 9/0TSH 8/270TSH 8/90TFS 16/7TSH 7/180TSH 7/0TFS 15/6TSH 6/270TSH 6/90TFS 14/5TSH 5/180TSH 5/0TFS 13/4TSH 4/270TSH 4/90TFS 12/3TSH 3/180TFS 11/2TSH 2/90TFS 10/1TSH 1/0L 501
-250 mm
950 mm
350 mm
-150 mm
150 mm
750 mm
Quench phase: collapse water level and TC wetting
-50 mm
water flow through shroud damaging
12/23 11.02.2013-14.02.2013
J. Stuckert – QUENCH-DEBRIS
WP5-COOL Review Meeting, Fuerteventura
Reflood simulation with pellet debris inside 21-rod-bundle. Cold water flow rate 10 g/s
160 mm
292 mm
382 mm
δt=27 s: v = 5 mm/s δt=28 s: v = 3 mm/s
13/23 11.02.2013-14.02.2013
J. Stuckert – QUENCH-DEBRIS
WP5-COOL Review Meeting, Fuerteventura
-400
-200
0
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1200
0
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78000 78100 78200 78300 78400 78500 78600 78700 78800 78900
Col
laps
e w
ater
leve
l, m
m
Wat
er le
vel r
ate,
mm
/s; w
ater
eva
pora
tion
rate
, g/s
Time, s
L 501: water level rate
L 701: evaporation rate
L 501: water level
Quench phase: water level oscillations and evaporation rate
Debris?
Constant evaporation rate. Region of debris bed?
14/23 11.02.2013-14.02.2013
J. Stuckert – QUENCH-DEBRIS
WP5-COOL Review Meeting, Fuerteventura
0
1
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0.001
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78000 78200 78400 78600 78800 79000
Stea
m re
leas
e ra
te, g
/s
H2
rele
ase
rate
, g/s
Time, s
H2
steam
Mass spectrometer measurements: no hydrogen production during water flow through debris
water flow through debris
interaction between
water and metal
outer side of shroud
15/23 11.02.2013-14.02.2013
J. Stuckert – QUENCH-DEBRIS
WP5-COOL Review Meeting, Fuerteventura
Upper parts of Zry claddings above 1200 mm
GS #4
rod #1
rod #2
rod #3
rod #4
rod #5
rod #6
rod #7
rod #8
rod #9
16/23 11.02.2013-14.02.2013
J. Stuckert – QUENCH-DEBRIS
WP5-COOL Review Meeting, Fuerteventura
Endoscope observation of debris relocated to top edge of GS #3 (about 1100 mm)
1. After pull-up of upper part of one Zry-4 rod (rod #2)
2. After pull-up of upper parts of all nine Zry-4 rods
view of top of GS#3 through the position of rod #2 inside the GS#4 (1350 mm)
debris of oxidised cladding and pellets on the top of GS#3
top view of GS#4 and twelve Hf claddings
1200 mm: segmented pellets inside remnant of rod #8
1100 mm: debris relocated downwards from removed nine test rods
17/23 11.02.2013-14.02.2013
J. Stuckert – QUENCH-DEBRIS
WP5-COOL Review Meeting, Fuerteventura
1380 mm
1280 mm
remnant of rod #8: significantly oxidised
GS #4: completely oxidised
Withdrawn grid spacer #4 (1350 -1390 mm) and remnant of cladding relocated downwards from spacer
18/23 11.02.2013-14.02.2013
J. Stuckert – QUENCH-DEBRIS
WP5-COOL Review Meeting, Fuerteventura
Structure of oxidized Zry cladding at 1328 mm, T ≈ 1000 K. Stab #7.
0°
180°
upper not segmented
pellet
thick inner oxide layer
prior β-Zr
α-Zr(O)
gap
thin outer ZrO2 (starvation, spalling?)
19/23 11.02.2013-14.02.2013
J. Stuckert – QUENCH-DEBRIS
WP5-COOL Review Meeting, Fuerteventura
Top view of grid spacer #3 (1090 mm)
empty cladding
cladding filled with pellet segments
pellet segments between heated rods
completely oxidised GS #3
20/23 11.02.2013-14.02.2013
J. Stuckert – QUENCH-DEBRIS
WP5-COOL Review Meeting, Fuerteventura
Endoscope observation of debris relocated under GS #3 (about 1100 mm)
blockage at elevation 910 mm view through the empty cladding top view of empty rod #6
sintered pellets at 950 mm pellet segments at 920 mm between Zry and Hf claddings
21/23 11.02.2013-14.02.2013
J. Stuckert – QUENCH-DEBRIS
WP5-COOL Review Meeting, Fuerteventura
Debris collected at the top of grid spacer #3 (1090 mm)
22/23 11.02.2013-14.02.2013
J. Stuckert – QUENCH-DEBRIS
WP5-COOL Review Meeting, Fuerteventura
CONCLUSIONS • The QUENCH-17 bundle test with 9 unheated internal rods (Zry-4 claddings) and 12 heated external rods (Hf claddings) was performed in two stages: 1) long pre-oxidation stage (78000 s) at Tpct=1750 K with complete oxidation of Zry-4 claddings between about 650 and 1150 mm; 2) reflood stage with slow flooding from bottom (10 g/s, or about 3 mm/s)
• Hf claddings of heated rods were intact during whole test, Hf shroud was failed at 850 mm after 25000 s.
• First failure of Zry-4 cladding was registered at 5500 s. Noticeable internal oxidation was observed at upper bundle elevations.
• Mechanical impact on the end of pre-oxidation caused debris relocation to grid spacers at 1050 mm and 350 mm.
• Steam production rate was stagnated during propagation of flooding water through the debris collected above grid spacers at 350 mm.
• Some Zry-4 claddings were not significantly damaged; the pellet segments relocated from the failed rods were captured between corresponding neighbour rods.
• Ceramics debris collected at the top of spacer at 1050 mm consist of separate pellet segments and relatively large cladding segments.
• Tomographical and metallographical investigations of region above grid spacer 350 mm should give detailed information on the degree of bundle degradation.
23/23 11.02.2013-14.02.2013
J. Stuckert – QUENCH-DEBRIS
WP5-COOL Review Meeting, Fuerteventura
Thank you for your attention
http://www.iam.kit.edu/wpt/english/471.php/ http://quench.forschung.kit.edu/