NEWS

First Simplesse dessert coming on marketWhen Monsanto's NutraSweet Com-pany introduces its ice cream-likedessert, Simple Pleasures, probablysometime in the second quarter of thisyear, U.S. consumers will get theirfirst taste of a commercial productpromoted as being made with a fatsubstitute.

The Food and Drug Administration(FDA) approved Nutrasweer's peti-tion 10 use Simplesse. a fat substitutemade from egg whiles and milk pro-teins. in February. A similar fat substi-tute from Kraft General Foods. alsofor use in frozen desserts. is very nearFDA approval. according 10 an articlein The Wall Street l anrnal.

Since the recent FDA approvalallowed the use of Simplesse only infrozen dessert products. therebyreplacing only dairy fats, the introduc-tion is not expected 10 have an imme-diate significant impact on the fats andoils industry. Industry experts predict,however. that FDA's approval of Sim-plesse in frozen desserts will smooththe road to approval for Irs use inother applications such as salad dress-ings and spreads.

NutrnSweet officials declined tosay whether the company was prepar-ing petitions for approval for otherapplications of the fat substitute.although they did say they were"working closely with FDA to expandthe use of Simplesse."

Nutrnsweer's chairman and c.e.o.Robert Shapiro has said that the com-pany may sell Simplesse to otherfirms as an ingredient. with the stipu-lation that the Simplesse logo appearon the label. Regulatory authorities inWest Germany. the United Kingdom,Switzerland. Japan. Belgium. TheNetherlands and luxembourg havealso approved Simplesse. NutraSweetis said to be working with severalEuropean companies and expects tobegin selling the Simple Pleasuresfrozen desserts line by the end of1990.

David Erickson. AOCS presidentand the American Soybean Associa-tion's director of technical services forinternational marketing. predicts thatin the long run the introduction of fat

substitutes will affect the animal fatsindustry more than the vegetable oilsindustry. "Nutritional awareness hassupposedly been growing for severaldecades," Erickson said, "which hasled industry analysts to predict adecline in fats and oils disappearance.Disappearance has remained stable.however. If consumers are indeed nowmore nutritionally aware, I believethey will tend to avoid the animal fatswith high levels of saturated fattyacids. rather than the vegetable fats."

James Stamen. senior consultantfor Experience, Inc., a consulting firmspecializing in agriculture, agribusi-ness, and food processing, said thatthe real impact of fat substitutes in theUnited States remains to be seen. cit-ing development of other fat subsn-tutes with baking and frying applica-lions. "According to our research. esti-mates of the replacement of fats andoils by the new fat substitutes varywidely from product category to prod-uct category." he said.

Although Simple Pleasures icecream lacks fat. it's no low-caloriebonanza: a four-ounce serving con-rains 120 calories, as compared with130 calories for regular ice cream and250 calories for superpremium icecreams. Simple Pleasures will be mar-keted and priced like a superpremiumice cream.

Three New York food writers didnOI rate Simple Pleasures well in ablind taste test. along with super-premium ice creams, premium icecreams, ice milk and a frozen yogurt.It came in last.

The success of other applicationsfor fat substitutes might be expectedto be affected by that of Simple Plea-sures, but a NutraSweet official saidsimply that Simplesse is "an extraordi-nary product that we will expand intoother uses as much as possible:'

Iowa State studieslow-palmitic soybeanA new soybean low in saturated fatdeveloped by Iowa State Universityresearchers will be Field-tested this

year at Iowa to determine yield char-acteristics. Oil from the new line ofsoybeans contains about 6.2% saturat-ed fat. about half the saturated fat con-tent of oil from current commercialsoybean varieties.

Approximately 100 different exper-imental lines of soybeans exhibitingreduced palmitic acid content will beplanted. according to Iowa Stare Uni-versity agronomy professor WalterFehr. Fehr. who helped develop thelines in cooperation with food techncl-ogy professor Earl Hammond. said thetrials should show whether any of thelines have a high enough yield charac-teristic to be feasibly released as acommercial variety.

Iowa State already has receivedinquiries from companies interested infurther developing the lines.

The new lines produce an oil thathas as lillie as 3.5% palmitic acid.sharply lower than the 10% palmiticacid in standard soybean oil andslightly lower than the 3.9% palmiticacid found in canola oil. At the sametime. the oil retains its 2.5% level ofstearic acid. The development of sucha soybean variety would help it com-pete with canola oil, which is lower insaturated fats than regular soybean oil,Fehr said.

Peanut oil suppliesdrop sharplyu.s. peanut oil production during1990 is expected to decline to 78,000tons. from 113.000 tons in 1989,according to the U.S. Department ofAgriculture.

The peanut harvest last Septemberoriginally was projected to reach arecord 2.0 I million metric tons (MT)but in fact was nearer 1.83 millionMT-about the same as the previousyear. The drop in oil production, how-ever, is linked more to the compositionof the crop. Because of growing condi-tions, most of the crop developedaround the Stem of (he peanut plant.versus the limbs. As a result, a greaterpercentage of larger, more mature edi-ble-grade peanuts was produced and

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there were less of the small. immaturenuts used typically for crushing.

Central Soya completesBellevue expansionCentral Soya Co. Inc. has completedan expansion of its Bellevue, Ohio,manufacturing facility that nearly dou-bles the company's capacity to pro-duce soy protein concentrates.

Construction began in 1989 to add26.000 square feet. including a pro-cessing plan I and a packaging andwarehousing facility. The project isestimated 10 have cost more than $20million.

The Bellevue plant already hadfacilities 10 process soybeans, refinevegetable oil and produce lecithin.The expansion gave the plant theadded capability 10 manufacture soyprotein concentrates used in food sys-tems by meat processors. and as milkreplacers for young animals.

AHA decides to cancelHeartGuide program

nutritional requirements that itsendorsed products were supposed tomeet. A spokesperson for the FDAalso said that the HeartGuide program"leads to the misperception that theproduct that had paid for its endorse-ment was good and the one right nextto it that hadn't paid was bad, eventhough they both had comparableingredients."

"The FDA has told us clearly andabsolutely that they do not want third-party endorsers on food products.because they intend 10 roll out a pro-gram of their own," said Myron wets-feldt. president of the AHA. The FDAhas promised to begin issuing morestringent rules on food labeling thisspring. The regulations would requirethat food products list amounts of sat-urated fat, cholesterol, fiber and calo-ries from fat.

The FDA is negotiating with foodcompanies to permit them to sell thoseproducts already bearing the Heart-Guide seal that have been distributed

The HeartGuide logo, a heart with acheckmark inside surrounded by thewords "American Heart AssociationTested & Approved." has met the endof its short life, according to the April3 New York Times. The AmericanHeart Association (AHA) announcedon April 3 that it was canceling itsseal of approval program, introducedin February. which would haveendorsed foods that meet certain low-fat. low-salt guidelines, for a fee. Theaction came after increasingly sternthreats from the Food and DrugAdministration (FDA).

Acting Commissioner of the FDAJames Benson wrote a leiter 10 theAHA saying. in part. that his agency"believes that programs such as Heart-Guide tend 10 increase consumer con-fusion and may also be misleading."The AHA has been criticized forrefusing to release data on the precise

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INFORM, Vol. 1, no. 5 (May 1990)

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or accounted for in their advertisingbudgets. The AHA has agreed toreturn all $200.000 in fees that thecompanies have paid 10 the program.

Now the heat is on the FDA. BruceSilverglade. legal director for the Cen-ter for Science in the Public Interest,said, "In light of this cancellation, it'seven more important that the FDAmove swiftly toward the labeling thatHeartGuide aimed to provide. TheHean Association had its hean in theright place in trying 10 devise a label-ing program of this son. II wouldn'thave had to do this if the governmenthadn 't failed to design its own label-ing program in the first place."

Canada appointscanola task forceCanadian Grains and Oilseeds Minis-ter Charles Mayer has established atask force to examine a range of fac-tors affecting the Canadian canol aindustry. Participants include represen-tatives from industry and government.

The task force will examine futurepotential for cenote and cenola prod-ucts, technological factors and policieswhich have an impact on the competi-tiveness of canola production, market-ing and processing. It will also studythe effectiveness of the price discov-ery mechanism for canota. both intransmitting market returns back toproducers and in enabling the domes-tic crushing industry to secure seedrequirements. Alternative price dis-covery mechanisms and sellingarrangements will also be explored.

Subsidies and tariffs continue to bea problem, according to one govern-ment official, and canola acreage maycontinue to decline. Trade sources saycanota acreage could be as low as sixmillion acres, down from nine millionacres two years ago. Lower prices.potentially less crush, and agronomicproblems experienced the last coupleof seasons have contributed to thedecrease.

The task force will recommendboth short- and long-term changeswhich could be made to the canol amarketing system, and is expected 10make its first report in November1990.

Researchers endorsemonounsaturated fatColumbia University researchers haveshown that enriching the AmericanHean Association's Step I diet withmonounsaturated fat doesn't alter thebeneficial cholesterol-lowering effectof the diet.

Henry Ginsberg and his colleaguescompared the effects of the Step J diet(30% of total calories as fat: 10% sat-urated. 10% monounsaturated. 10%polyunsaturated) and the Step I dietwith an added 8% of calories asmonounsaturated fat. with the averageAmerican diet. in which 38% of totalcalories are consumed as fat (18% sat-urated, 10% monounsaturated. 10%polyunsaturated). The subjects were36 healthy young male students.

The studemst total. but not the ben-eficial HDL. cholesterol levels de-creased when on the Step I and modi-fied Step I diets. The researchers saidthat "Although studies of diet in free-living populations are difficult [theyestimated compliance to be 85-90%),studies that are used as a basis forpublic health recommendations mustbe conducted with free-living sub-jects." The researchers concluded thatnormal people not trying to loseweight might lower their cholesterollevels without giving up any extradietary fat, provided they substitutemonounsaturated fat for some of thesaturated fat. The study was publishedin the March I. 1990, New EnglandJournal of Medicine.

More vitamin Efor fish oil capsules?Commercial brands of fish oil cap-sules do not contain sufficient vitaminE to prevent oxidation into lipid per-oxides, according to a study byMonsen Meydani. of USDA's HumanNutrition Research Center on Aging atTufts University in Boston.

A three-month study of 25 womenwho took six capsules II day showedthat those in their mid-20s had lipidperoxide levels increased by 30%,with the levels increasing to 50% inwomen in their early 60s.

"This could spell trouble since

these peroxides can damage cellularstructures. including DNA," the reportsaid. The capsules used in the studycontained I mg of vitamin E per gramof oil. compared with 0.6 to 2.2 mg in13 commercial brands of fish oil cap-sules.

Stumpf reappointedto USDA grants postPaul K. Stumpf, a long-time AOCSmember and professor emeritus of bio-chemistry at the University of Califor-nia at Davis. has been reappointedchief scientist for the U.S. Departmentof Agriculture's Competitive ResearchGranls Office for fiscal year 1990. Assuch. he is responsible for the office'sadministration and policy development.

The Competitive Research GrantsOffice is responsible for fundinggrants relevant to agricultural scienceson a peer-review basis. The office hasa S43-million budget for the currentyear. However. recent recommenda-tions have been made to expand theprogram. with a suggested budget of$500 million for fiscal year 1991.

Stumpf is a member of the NationalAcademy of Sciences and a past recip-ient of the AOCS Lipid ChemistryAward (now known as the SupetcoAOCS Research Award).

Crown Iron receivesexport trade awardCrown Iron Works Co., designer andbuilder of extraction and refiningfacilities, has been selected as a 1990recipient of the President's "E" Awardfrom the federal government in recog-nition of contributions to increasingU.S. overseas trade.

The award was presented duringMarch at Crown's headquarters inMinneapolis, Minnesota. Crown hasbeen involved in projects in Europe.Mexlco.Cemral and South America.Australia. Canada, China. the MiddleEast and in Pacific-rim nations. Itsdomestic clients include the majoroilseed processing Finns in the UnitedStales.

Crown was founded in 1878 inMinneapolis and entered the oilseed

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solvent extraction equipment businessin 1949. Two years ago. Crownacquired Wurster & Sanger's veg-etable oil processing equipment busi-ness, which now forms II major divi-sion of Crown.

other oils as well. "It's good news forfood processors but bad news for tropi-cal oil producers:' she said.

aspects of dietary oils and furs heldJan. 30. 1990. in Tokyo under the aus-pices of the Japan Oit Chemists' Soci-ety.

There were six major lectures:"Nutritional Evaluation of EssentialFatty Acids in Europe and Canada" byOsamu Igarashi of Ochanomizu Uni-versity: "Essential Fatty Acids Balanceand Disease" by Harumi Okuyama of

Nutritional, clinicalmeeting draws 220Approximately 220 persons attended ameeting on nutritional and clinical

Barger to headDuriron division

AGes member Wil-liam M. Barger hasbeen named presidentof the Filtration Sys-tems Division of TheDuriron Company Inc.

Barger's divisiondesigns and builds filtration andmetering pump equipment, specializ-ing in the recovery of solid fromwaste liquid streams, and in the meter-ing of specific reagents into processstreams to cause controlled reactions.It produces pressure leaf filter and fil-ter presses for the edible oil refiningindustry.

Before joining Duriron. Barger hadoperated his own consulting finn afterspending 20 years with French OilMill Machinery Co.

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Biotechnology mayaffect oils marketsCountries whose economies are heavi-ly dependent on the export of oilseedor fats and oils products should keepabreast of developments in biotech-nology. according to Hope Shand.research director for the RuralAdvancement Fund International inPittsboro, North Carolina. who spokeat the annual meeting of the AmericanAssociation for the Advancement ofScience in February.

Shand noted thur while biotechnol-ogy can deliver some beneficial prod-ucts, it can also result in social disloca-tions if crops grown for export losetheir economic viability. She said thedevelopment through biotechnology ofcheap equivalents for castor oil andoils used for conversion into cocoabutter would be one example. Biotech-nological improvements in palm oil 10boost production could cause a glut inthat product, depressing prices for

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Nagoya City University; "NutritionalEvaluation of n-6 Fall)' Acids" byMichihiro Suganc of Kyushu Univer-sity; "Recent Topics on the NutritionalEvaluation of Fat Emulsion in TotalParenteral Nutrition" by Kenji Yam-aguchi of Tokyo Kasei University;"Clinical Application for PUFA ofFish Oils" by Yaushi Tamura of ChibaUniversity. and "Significance of Lipidsin the Dietetic Treatment of Hyper-lipemia" by Haruc Nakamura of theNational Defense Medical College.

Karlshamns, Sovietsestablish joint ventureKarlshamns AB has reached an agree-ment with the Soviet Union to estab-lish a joint venture company. VikingRaps, in the Soviet Union.

Lipetskpicheprom will own 80% ofthe new company: Agroprombank willown 5% and Karlshamns AB theremaining 15%. The new companywill be based in Lipetsk. a town 500kilometers southeast of Moscow.

The facility is expected to be oper-ational by 1994 with the capacity toproduce 80.000 metric tons (MT) ofmargarine. 55.000 MT of other foodfats and 200.000 MT of protein feedfrom 350,000 MT of rapeseed andsunflowerseed a year.

Stage one. construction of a crush-ing facility, is expected to be ccmptet-ed in 1992. Stage IWO calls for a refin-ery and other processing plants 10 bein operation by early 1993. The finalstep will be construction of a mar-garine facility. Investment costs areestimated to total $270 million.

Austrians buildrapeseed fuel plantA commercial-scale facilily for pro-ducing fuel from rapeseed is expectedto be completed by mid- 1990 in Aus-tria.

Under construction near Linz, thefacility originally was scheduled forcompletion during March. The plantwill have the capacity to process30,000 metric tons (MT) of rapeseed ayear, to yield 10,500 MT of rapeseedmethyl ester.

According 10 a U.S. Department ofAgriculture report. rapeseed methylester is competitive with diesel fuel inAustria only if the fuel tax is notcharged. However. the Austrian gov-ernment has not decided whether tomake the rapeseed fuel tax free. Never-theless, agricultural groups are plan-ning to construct a larger plant. withthe capacity to process 35.000 MT ofrapeseed, later this year.

Currently, two small-scale plantsare in operation. with a combinedannual capacity to handle 3,000 MT ofrapeseed. Two other small plants arein the planning stage.

USDA reported thai tests with trac-tors and buses running on rapeseedfuel have been carried out for severalyears in Austria. and recently. severaltractor manufacturers have given theirapproval 10 the use of vegetable oil-based fuel.

ket share. ABIOVE. however, has saidthese practices cause an artificialdecline in international prices andtherefore cause unfair competition forBrazilian exporters.

Oilseed groups requestEEP oil for ChinaThe National Oilseed ProcessorsAssociation, the American SoybeanAssociation. the National SunflowerAssociation and the National Cotton-seed Products Association (NCPA)have requested Export Enhancementprogram (EEP) benefits covering thesale of 60,000 metric tons of vegetableoil to China.

"China is a growing new marketwhich is currently being satisfied. inlarge pan, by European oil. We're ask-ing for the benefits 10 counter Euro-pean Economic Community (EEC)subsidies, which have contributed todistortion in world trade for severalyears." according to Allen Ater.NCPA's executive vice president.

If the request is approved by U.S.Secretary of Agriculture ClaytonYeutter, Arer expects most of the oilexported 10China will be soybean oil.

Japan: More spreads,less margarine useJapan has seen a dramatic increase infat spreads for household use, accom-panied by a decrease in margarines forhousehold use, according to a reportfrom Japan's Ministry of Agriculture.Forestry and Fisheries. In fact, 1989production levels of margarine were78% of 1988 levels. On the otherhand, 1989 production levels or fatspread were 282% of 1988 levels.

Meanwhile, Japan's Ministry ofHealth and Welfare has announcedthe daily fat intake in Japan in 1989averaged 58.3 grams per person. rep-resenting 25.5% of total calories. Thisis the first time fat intake in Japan hasexceeded 25% of total calories. TheMinistry has advised consumers notto further increase their fat consurnp-rion.

INFORM, VoL 1, no. 5 (May 1990)

Brazil, U.S. discussEEP impact on tradeTrade delegates from the UnitedSlates and Brazil met in Geneva onFeb. 22 to discuss Brazil's concernover the U.S. Export EnhancementProgram (EEP) and its effect on worldoilseed trade.

A spokeswoman for the U.S.Department of Agriculture's ForeignAgricultural Service said that Brazilhas not filed a fonnal complaint underthe General Agreement on Tariffs andTrade (GAIT) against the U.S. con-cerning EEP but only asked for formaldiscussions.

"Brazil is expecting a large soybeancrop this year and is concerned how itwill dispose of the resulting vegetableoil produced." the spokeswoman said.She said both parties are expected tomeet again but no specific meetingdate was set.

Earlier, the Vegetable Oil IndustryAssociation of Brazil (ABIOVE) hadasked the Brazilian government to filea formal complaint under GAIT toprotest the use of EEP. Under EEP. theU.S. government subsidizes sales ofspecified agricultural commodities 10

nations where the United Statesbelieves other nations' trading prac-tices have unfairly cut into U.S. mar-

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Safflower pioneerP.F. Knowles diesPaulden F. (paul) Knowles, 73. emeri-tus professor of agronomy at the Uni-versity of California at Davis, diedFeb. 7, 1990, at his home in Blaine,Washington.

A native of Canada, Dr. Knowlesbegan his work on oilseed crops in1947 after joining the Department ofAgronomy and Range Science at theUniversity of California at Davis.After considerable research on flaxand other oilseed crops, he turned his(mention to safflower, a plant he foundto be well-adapted to the environmentof California. Dr. Knowles undertookplant collection expeditions in 1958and 1964-65 through South Asia, theMiddle East and North Africa to accu-mulate much of the safflower genn-plasm of both cultivated and wildspecies. From these introductions andsubsequent genetic studies. he sub-stantiated the genetic basis for thewide range of types of amounts offatty acids in safflower seeds; thisbecame the basic gennplasm of manybreeding programs, resulting in thedevelopment of breeding lines and

varieties with high and intermediatelevels of oleic and linoleic acid andhigh stearic acid types.

In addition to many studies on saf-flower and Brassica, he made substan-tial contributions to the informationbase on flax, sunflower, soybean andcuphea. He was the author of morethan 160 publications, many as jointprojects with students and colleagues.These included numerous chapters tobooks and invited lectures. He coau-thored with EN. Briggs the very suc-cessful textbook, t ntraduction toPlant Breeding.

Because of his wide experience andexpertise, he was invited to serve asan advisor on oilseed research anddevelopment programs in Egypt,India, Iran, Pakistan, Thailand andTurkey.

He retired from his post at Davis in1982. His colleagues, former studentsand other friends authored a book, OilCrops of the World, dedicated to himand published in 1989.

News briefsStolt Tankers & Terminals (Hold-ings) S.A. has set up administrative

Manufacturers of small scale screwpresses. Used for production ofvegetable oil from specialty oilseeds. Available with crushers,seed heating kettles, and filterpresses.

headquarters for its worldwide opera-tion of lank containers in a new build-ing, Stolt-Nielsen House, in Rom-ford, Essex, England. In doing so, thecompany consolidated and moved itsLondon and Brentwood staff to thenew site.

Mitshubishi Corp. and MarubeniCorp. of Japan will establish a newcompound feed producing company incooperation with Nihon NosanKogyo Co. and Marubeni Feed Co.The new factory, to be buill inKamaishi of lwate Prefecture, isscheduled for completion by May1991. Construction costs are anticipat-ed to be three billion yen. Annual pro-duction capacity of the finn will be300,000 tons of feed.

Nichimen Corp. has harvested itsfirst test soybean crop for crushing inthe Heilongzian Province of China.The firm plans to launch full-scaleproduction after the next planting if itcan achieve an oil content of at least20% and a yield of 1.5 tons perhectare.

274 West Las Flores DriveAltadena, California 91001Phone: 818-791·7160Fax: 818-791-0890

INFORM. Vol. 1, no, 5 (May 1990)

SMALL SCALE PRODUCTION OF VEGETABLE OILREINARTZ MACHINERY