1.(a) Diagram 1 shows the structure of a plant cell under an electron microscope.Rajah 1 menunjukkan struktur sel tumbuhan di bawah mikroskop elektron.

Based on diagram 1Berdasarkan rajah 1

(i) label the structure P,Q,R, and Slabelkan struktur P,Q,R dan S(2 marks / 2 markah)

(ii)State the function of P and RNyatakan fungsi bagi P dan RP:............................................................................................................................................................ ...........................................................................................................................................................

R:............................................................................................................................................................ ...........................................................................................................................................................(2marks / 2markah)

(iii) State one simalirity between Q and RNyatakan satu persamaan Q dan R

..........................................................................................................................................................(1marks / 1 markah)

(iv) explain why organelle Q present in green plants only ?Terangkan kenapa organel Q hanya terdapat dalam tumbuhan hijau sahaja ?..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(2marks / 2markah)(v) Explain how S maintains cell turgidity Terangkan bagaimana S mengekalkan kesegahan sel ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(3marks / 3markah)

(b) State two differences between a palisade cell and a cheek cell.Nyatakan dua perbezaan antara sel palisad dan sel pipi.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(2marks / 2markah)

2.Diagram 2 shows a model of plasma membrane of human cell.Rajah 2 menunjukkan model membran plasma sel manusia.

(a) Name the model of the plasma membrane shown in diagram 2.Namakan model membran plasma yang ditunjukkan di dalam rajah 2.

..........................................................................................................................................................(1marks / 1 markah)(b) Label structure P, Q, R and S in diagram 2.Labelkan struktur P, Q, R dan S dalam rajah 2. (2marks / 2markah)

(c)Molecules can pass through the structure S by simple diffusion.Molekul-molekul melalui struktur S secara resapan ringkas.(i) State on molekul that can pass trough the structure S.Nyatakan satu molekul yang dapat melalui struktur S...........................................................................................................................................................(1marks / 1 markah)(ii) Explain how the molecule in (c)(i) move through structure S.Terangkan bagaimana molekul di (c)(i) boleh melalui struktur S. ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(3marks / 3markah)

(d) State two similarities between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion ?Nyatakan dua persamaan antara resapan ringkas dan resapan berbantu ?.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(2marks / 2markah)

(v) State another example of diffusion that does not require energy. Nyatakan contoh lain resapan yang tidak memerlukan tenaga. ............................................................................................................................................................(1marks / 1markah)

(b) Explain why herbaceous plants will wilt when excess fertilizer is added .Terangkan mengapa tumbuhan herba akan layu apabila dibubuh baja berlebihan .........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(2marks / 2markah)

3.Diagram 3 shows the levels of cell organisation in human.Rajah 3 menunjukkan peringkat oragnisasi sel dalam manusia.

Diagram 3 Rajah 3

(a)What is a cell?Apakah sel?.............................................................................................................................................................(1 marks/ 1 markah)(b)Name cell P and tissue Q.Namakan sel P dan tisu Q.Cell P / Sel P: .......................................................................................................................................Tissue Q / Tisu Q: ................................................................................................................................(2 marks / 2 markah)(c)Based on diagram 3, explain the organisation and function of tissue Q and stomach.Berdasarkan rajah 3, terangkan organisasi dan fungsi tisu Q dan perut.

Tissue Q / Tisu Q: .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(2 marks / 2 markah)

Stomach / Perut: .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(2 marks / 2 markah)

(d)(i)State the level R of the cell organisationNyatakan peringkat R dalam organisasi sel..........................................................................................................................................................(1 marks / 1 markah)

(ii) State the formation of level R.Nyatakan pembentukan peringkat R. ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(2marks / 2markah)

4.Diagram 4.1 shows the condition of a plant cell before treatment. Diagram 4.1(a) and Diagram 4.1(b) show the condition of the plant cell after it has been immersed in solutions X and Y.Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan keadaan satu sel tumbuhan sebelum dirawat. Rajah 4.1(a) dan Rajah 4.1 (b) menunjukkan keadaan sel tumbuhan tersebut selepas direndam dalam larutan X dan Y.

Diagram 4.1

Diagram 4.1(a)Diagram 4.1(b)

(a)Based on the Diagram4.1(a), and (b ),Berdasarkan kepada rajah 4.1 (a) dan (b),(i)State the condition of the plant cell in 4.1(a) and (b).Nyatkan kondisi sel tumbuhan dalam rajah 4.1 (a) dan (b)

4.1(a): ................................................................................................................................. 4.1(b ): ................................................................................................................................ [2 marks / 2 markah]

(ii) State the types of solution in which the plant cells are immersed. 4.1(a) : .................................................................................................................................... 4.1(b) : .................................................................................................................................. [2 marks / 2 markah]

(b)Using the answers given in a(ii), explain the effects of different concentrations of solution to the plant cells ?Berdasarkan jawapan di a(ii), terangkan kesan konsentrasi larutan yang berbeza terhadap sel tumbuhan ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(5 marks / 5 markah)

(c)Using the principles of osmosis, explain how salted fish is preserved ?.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................[3 marks / 3 markah]

5.

8.Diagram 8 shows the process in the synthesis and secretion of extracellular enzymes in an animal cell.Rajah 8 menunjukkan proses sintesis dan rembesan enzim luaran dalam sel haiwam.

Diagram 8 Rajah 8

(a)Based on Diagram 8: Berdasarkan rajah 8(i)explain the role of nucleus in the synthesis of enzyme terangkan peranan nukleus dalam penghasilan enzim [ 3 marks / 3 markah](ii)Name one extracellular enzymes and describe how the different cellular components are involved in the secretion of this enzyme.Namakan satu enzim luaran dan jelaska bagaimana komponen sel terlibat dalam rembesan enzim tersebut. [10 marks / 10 markah]

b). In multicellular organisms, cell specialization allows for division among tissues, organs and systems to carry out their specific roles

Using the information given, explain what will happen to a cell if particular cellular components are absent.Dengan menggunakan maklumat yang diberi, terangkan apakah yang akan berlaku kepada sel sekiranya komponen sel tersebut tidak wujud.[8 marks / 8 markah]

9.(a)Describe the structure of plasma membrane using the fluid mosaic model. Huraikan struktur plasma membran dengan menggunakan model mosaic cecair[6 marks / 6 markah](b)Explain simple diffusion in alveolus . Terangkan resapan ringkas di dalam alveolus [4marks / 4 markah] (c)Using example, explain the movement of substances across the plasma membrane by facilitated diffusion and active transport. Dengan menggunakan contoh, huraikan pergerakan bahan merentasi mebran plasma secara resapan berbantu dan pegangkuta aktif. [6 marks / 6 markah] (d)Compare and contrast between passive transport and active transport.Bandingkan dan bezakan antara pengankutan pasif dan pengankutan aktif[4 marks / 4 markah]