FIRST WORLD WAR

Isabel Torralbo Talavera

Complete this table Europe at the beginning of the XX century ldquoThe Armed Peacerdquo

ENGLAND FRANCE AUSTRO-HUNG EMP

RUSSIAN EMP

GERMAN EMP

TURKISH EMP

Political System

Head of State

Plurinational uninat

Isabel Torralbo Talavera

ENGLAND FRANCE AUST-HING EMP

GERM EMP

RUSSIAN EMP

TURKISH EMP

Political system

Liberal democracy

Liberal democracy

Authoritarian Reg with parliament

Theorically liberal actually authoritarian

Authoritarian

Authoritarian

Head of State

Queen King

President Emperor Kaiser Tsar Sultan

Plurinatunit

Unit Unit Plurit Unit Plurit Plurit

Isabel Torralbo Talavera

THE FIRST WORLD WAR (1914-1918)

The First World War was a global war centered in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918 It was called also the Great War More than 9 million combatants were killed It was one of the deadliest conflicts in history paving the way for major political changes including revolutions in many of the nations involved

Isabel Torralbo Talavera

ENGLAND FRANCE AUST-HING EMP

GERM EMP

RUSSIAN EMP

TURKISH EMP

Political system

Liberal democracy

Liberal democracy

Authoritarian Reg with parliament

Theorically liberal actually authoritarian

Authoritarian

Authoritarian

Head of State

Queen King

President Emperor Kaiser Tsar Sultan

Plurinatunit

Unit Unit Plurit Unit Plurit Plurit

Isabel Torralbo Talavera

THE FIRST WORLD WAR (1914-1918)

The First World War was a global war centered in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918 It was called also the Great War More than 9 million combatants were killed It was one of the deadliest conflicts in history paving the way for major political changes including revolutions in many of the nations involved

Isabel Torralbo Talavera

THE FIRST WORLD WAR (1914-1918)

The First World War was a global war centered in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918 It was called also the Great War More than 9 million combatants were killed It was one of the deadliest conflicts in history paving the way for major political changes including revolutions in many of the nations involved

Isabel Torralbo Talavera

THE CAUSES OF THE WAR

Isabel Torralbo Talavera

MILITARISM

The militarism of some countries and military alliances also created a climate of war even before the war was declared - Germany and Russia were building up masive armies - Germany and Britain were building up lots of new warships

Isabel Torralbo Talavera

MILITARISM

The militarism of some countries and military alliances also created a climate of war even before the war was declared - Germany and Russia were building up masive armies - Germany and Britain were building up lots of new warships

Isabel Torralbo Talavera

Making agreements and alliances A simulation

bull You might need questions like these

bull Would you help me in case of war

bull Would you fight in a war because of African colonies

bull Will you enter a war if I am attacked

bull Will you fight our enemy at sea

Isabel Torralbo Talavera

The most significant of these ldquotension factorsrdquo was the creation of a series of alliances Countries were divided on two sides

ALLIANCES

Isabel Torralbo Talavera

Isabel Torralbo Talavera

COLONIAL AND ECONOMIC CONFLICTS

Each European power had an overseas empire Britain had the biggest and Germany wanted more

Isabel Torralbo Talavera

NATIONALIST CONFLICTS IN THE LARGER EMPIRES

In 1908 Austria annexed Bosnia This was a big mistake because the Bosnians were Slavic people like the Serbs and Russians Serbia and Russia were therefore very anti-Austrian

The Austro-Hungarian and the Russian empires wanted

to take advantage of the weakness of the Ottoman Empire and they fought to

obtain territories in the area

Isabel Torralbo Talavera

The most significant of these ldquotension factorsrdquo was the creation of a series of alliances Countries were divided on two sides

ALLIANCES

Isabel Torralbo Talavera

Isabel Torralbo Talavera

COLONIAL AND ECONOMIC CONFLICTS

Each European power had an overseas empire Britain had the biggest and Germany wanted more

Isabel Torralbo Talavera

NATIONALIST CONFLICTS IN THE LARGER EMPIRES

In 1908 Austria annexed Bosnia This was a big mistake because the Bosnians were Slavic people like the Serbs and Russians Serbia and Russia were therefore very anti-Austrian

The Austro-Hungarian and the Russian empires wanted

to take advantage of the weakness of the Ottoman Empire and they fought to

obtain territories in the area

Isabel Torralbo Talavera

Isabel Torralbo Talavera

COLONIAL AND ECONOMIC CONFLICTS

Each European power had an overseas empire Britain had the biggest and Germany wanted more

Isabel Torralbo Talavera

NATIONALIST CONFLICTS IN THE LARGER EMPIRES

In 1908 Austria annexed Bosnia This was a big mistake because the Bosnians were Slavic people like the Serbs and Russians Serbia and Russia were therefore very anti-Austrian

The Austro-Hungarian and the Russian empires wanted

to take advantage of the weakness of the Ottoman Empire and they fought to

obtain territories in the area

Isabel Torralbo Talavera

COLONIAL AND ECONOMIC CONFLICTS

Each European power had an overseas empire Britain had the biggest and Germany wanted more

Isabel Torralbo Talavera

NATIONALIST CONFLICTS IN THE LARGER EMPIRES

In 1908 Austria annexed Bosnia This was a big mistake because the Bosnians were Slavic people like the Serbs and Russians Serbia and Russia were therefore very anti-Austrian

The Austro-Hungarian and the Russian empires wanted

to take advantage of the weakness of the Ottoman Empire and they fought to

obtain territories in the area

Isabel Torralbo Talavera

NATIONALIST CONFLICTS IN THE LARGER EMPIRES

In 1908 Austria annexed Bosnia This was a big mistake because the Bosnians were Slavic people like the Serbs and Russians Serbia and Russia were therefore very anti-Austrian

The Austro-Hungarian and the Russian empires wanted

to take advantage of the weakness of the Ottoman Empire and they fought to

obtain territories in the area

Isabel Torralbo Talavera

TERRITORIAL CONFLICTS IN EUROPE

ITALY AND AUSTRIA-HUNGARY

(ISTRIA AND

TRENT)

FRANCE VS GERMANY

(ALSACE AND

LORRAINE)

Isabel Torralbo Talavera

International crisis

Colonial crises in Morocco (1905 ndash 1911) (France (suppported by England) vs Germany)

Annexation of Bosnia ndash Herzegovina by the Austro- Hungarian Empire

Isabel Torralbo Talavera

THE CAUSES OF THE WAR THE MURDER IN SARAJEVO

Isabel Torralbo Talavera

THE CAUSES OF THE WAR THE MURDER IN SARAJEVO

Isabel Torralbo Talavera

THE BEGGINIG OF THE WAR

AUSTRIA-HUNGARY

RUSSIA

SERVIA

As a consequencehellip

This started the complicated system of alliances that had been agreed before the war and the conflict spread throughout Europehellip

Isabel Torralbo Talavera

THE CARACTERISTICS OF THE WAR

TERRITORIAL EXTENSION

Sixteen nations participated some of them with large colonial empires There were many differents battlefronts

Isabel Torralbo Talavera

THE CARACTERISTICS OF THE WAR

Isabel Torralbo Talavera

MACHINE GUNS

MINES

Isabel Torralbo Talavera

THE CARACTERISTICS OF THE WAR

TERRITORIAL EXTENSION

Sixteen nations participated some of them with large colonial empires There were many differents battlefronts

Isabel Torralbo Talavera

THE CARACTERISTICS OF THE WAR

Isabel Torralbo Talavera

MACHINE GUNS

MINES

Isabel Torralbo Talavera

THE CARACTERISTICS OF THE WAR

Isabel Torralbo Talavera

MACHINE GUNS

MINES

Isabel Torralbo Talavera

MACHINE GUNS

MINES

Isabel Torralbo Talavera

Isabel Torralbo Talavera

TOTAL WARFARE

For the first time the entire economy of each of the countries involved in the conflict focused on the war effort - Conscription of all able men was necessary - The invention and production of weapons became a priority - Women started working to replace the men - Food was rationed - The civil population suffered air raids

THE CARACTERISTICS OF THE WAR

Isabel Torralbo Talavera

TOTAL WARFARE

For the first time the entire economy of each of the countries involved in the conflict focused on the war effort - Conscription of all able men was necessary - The invention and production of weapons became a priority - Women started working to replace the men - Food was rationed - The civil population suffered air raids

THE CARACTERISTICS OF THE WAR

Isabel Torralbo Talavera

Isabel Torralbo Talavera

Isabel Torralbo Talavera

Isabel Torralbo Talavera

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE WAR 1-WAR OF MOVEMENT (1914) In this phase everybody thought that war would be short The armies moved towards their enemies and two fronts were created the Western and the Eastern Front

Isabel Torralbo Talavera

In the Eastern Front the Germans advanced quickly and defeated the

Russians By the end of 1914 all the armies had to dig trenches and the fronts stabilized

Things got worse when Britain declared war on Germany on 4 August 1914 because in a Treaty of 1839 Britain had promised to defend Belgium Finally Germans were stopped by the French at the BATTLE OF MARNE

1914

Isabel Torralbo Talavera

Isabel Torralbo Talavera

TRENCH WARFARE (1915-1917) The trenches became hell for the soldiers (muddy full of bedbugs lice fleas rats) and they had to live and fight to gain some meters They would need new allies Italy the Triple Entente Ottoman Empire Central Powers The bloddiest battles of this war were the Battles of Verdumthere were 800000 casualties (300000 dead and 500000 wounded) and the Somme

Isabel Torralbo Talavera

1917 CRISIS

And the USA decided to join the war due to the German attacks to their ships which collapsed trade

After the Soviet Revolution Russia

abandoned the conflict Brest- Litovsk Treaty 1918

Isabel Torralbo Talavera

Finally Germany was alone and without supplies so the emperor Wilhelm II had to abdicate and the government of the Weimar Republic signed the armistice The war ended on 11 November 1918 (the ceasefire came into effect ldquoon the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh monthrdquo)

1918 After an attack on all fronts by the Entente the Central Powers started to surrender

Isabel Torralbo Talavera

Consequences The Peace Treaties Paris Conference

Wilsonacutes 14 points French revenge

Several treaties the most important one ldquoVersailles Treatyrdquo with Germany 1919

Isabel Torralbo Talavera

1918 Before the end of the war the American

president Wilson issued his Fourteen Points a document that contained the

foundations for future peaceWilson wanted the end of the war to bring out lasting peace for the world The main purpose of the Fourteen Points was to outline a strategy for ending the war

THE PARIS CONFERENCE AND THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES

Isabel Torralbo Talavera

1918 Before the end of the war the American

president Wilson issued his Fourteen Points a document that contained the

foundations for future peaceWilson wanted the end of the war to bring out lasting peace for the world The main purpose of the Fourteen Points was to outline a strategy for ending the war

THE PARIS CONFERENCE AND THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES

Isabel Torralbo Talavera

SUMMARY OF THE FOURTEEN POINTS No more secret agreements Diplomacy shall be open to the world There shall be free trade between the countries who accept the peace There shall be a world wide reduction in weapons and armies by all countries Colonial claims over land and regions will be fair Russia will be allowed to determine its own form of government German troops will evacuate Belgium and Belgium will be independent France will regain all territory including the disputed land of Alsace-Lorraine The borders of Italy will be established such that all Italians will be within the country of Italy Austria-Hungary will be allowed to continue to be an independent country The Central Powers will evacuate Serbia Montenegro and Romania The Turkish people of the Ottoman Empire will have their own country Other nationalities under the Ottoman rule will also have security Poland shall be an independent country A LEAGUE OF NATIONS will be formed that protects the independence of all countries no matter how big or small Isabel Torralbo Talavera

THE PARIS CONFERENCE AND THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES

At the end of the WW1 the Allied

Nations met in Paris at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919 to

decide the fate of Germany and the Central Powers

Although a number of nations took part in the negotiations the major decisions and discussions were between the leaders of the Big Four nations which included Georges Clemenceau (Prime Minister of France) David Lloyd George (Prime Minister of Great Britain) Woodrow Wilson (President of the United States) and Vittorio Orlando (Prime Minister of Italy)

Isabel Torralbo Talavera

THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES

The Treaty of Versailles was signed between the Allied Powers and Germany on June 28 1919The treaty was extremely harsh on Germany

Germany was made responsible for the war

It had to abandone all its colonies

It had to return Alsace and Lorraine to France

It had to reduce its army

It had to pay costly reparations of 132 billion Marks (around $442 billion in 2014 money)

THIS TREATY HUMILIATED

GERMANY AND

CREATED A DESIRE FOR

REVENGE

Isabel Torralbo Talavera

THE PARIS CONFERENCE AND THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES

At the end of the WW1 the Allied

Nations met in Paris at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919 to

decide the fate of Germany and the Central Powers

Although a number of nations took part in the negotiations the major decisions and discussions were between the leaders of the Big Four nations which included Georges Clemenceau (Prime Minister of France) David Lloyd George (Prime Minister of Great Britain) Woodrow Wilson (President of the United States) and Vittorio Orlando (Prime Minister of Italy)

Isabel Torralbo Talavera

THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES

The Treaty of Versailles was signed between the Allied Powers and Germany on June 28 1919The treaty was extremely harsh on Germany

Germany was made responsible for the war

It had to abandone all its colonies

It had to return Alsace and Lorraine to France

It had to reduce its army

It had to pay costly reparations of 132 billion Marks (around $442 billion in 2014 money)

THIS TREATY HUMILIATED

GERMANY AND

CREATED A DESIRE FOR

REVENGE

Isabel Torralbo Talavera

THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES

The Treaty of Versailles was signed between the Allied Powers and Germany on June 28 1919The treaty was extremely harsh on Germany

Germany was made responsible for the war

It had to abandone all its colonies

It had to return Alsace and Lorraine to France

It had to reduce its army

It had to pay costly reparations of 132 billion Marks (around $442 billion in 2014 money)

THIS TREATY HUMILIATED

GERMANY AND

CREATED A DESIRE FOR

REVENGE

Isabel Torralbo Talavera

Isabel Torralbo Talavera

Isabel Torralbo Talavera

THE NEW MAP OF EUROPE The map of Europe was redesigned as consequence of the partition of the Russian and Austrian empires New countries and frontiers appeared Poland Austria Hungary Yugoslavia Czechoslovakia Finland Estonia Latvia and Lithuania

Isabel Torralbo Talavera

THE NEW MAP OF EUROPE The map of Europe was redesigned as consequence of the partition of the Russian and Austrian empires New countries and frontiers appeared Poland Austria Hungary Yugoslavia Czechoslovakia Finland Estonia Latvia and Lithuania

Isabel Torralbo Talavera

Isabel Torralbo Talavera

LEAGUE OF NATIONS

As part of the Paris Peace Conference an organization called the League of Nations (Sociedad de Naciones SDN) was formed in an effort to establish world peace Its member countries hoped to prevent wars by helping to

settle disputes between countries The League was officially founded by the Treaty of Versailles and had 42 founding member countries

Isabel Torralbo Talavera

According to these cartoons what were the main problems of the League of Nations

Isabel Torralbo Talavera

SOURCE 6

Isabel Torralbo Talavera

According to these cartoons what were the main problems of the League of Nations

Isabel Torralbo Talavera

SOURCE 6

Isabel Torralbo Talavera

SOURCE 6

Isabel Torralbo Talavera