first world war. very interesting!!!

7/31/2019 First World War. Very Interesting!!!

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The Armed Peace (1905-1914)


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The Alliance System before the War


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Due to violent unrest in the south ofMorocco, Berlin sent a warship to Agadir

port to protect the German subjects


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The Conflict in theBalkans


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Expenses in defence (millions of pounds)

Expenses in warships (million of pounds)

Years

Years


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On 28th June, the archduke Ferdinandalong with his wife are assassinated in

Sarajevo by a Bosnian student who wasconnected to nationalist Serbian cells.

Austria-Hungary was convinced by theGermans to declare war against Serbiain order to stop the Serbian ambitionsover the Balkans. The day, 28th July.


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The Great War (1914-1918)


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Initial enthusiasmfor war andpatriotism


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The Alliance System before the War


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Evolution of the conflict

The WWI


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The Schlieffen Plan

This plan consistedof a quick attackagainst France byinvading Belgiumand Luxemburg in

first place

Its failure resulted inthe trench war


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The trench war

The First Battle of the Marne (sept. 1914)

Joseph Joffre was a French general who managed to regroupthe retreating allied troops and defeat the Germans.

In this way the German objective which consisted of obtaining

a quick and easy victory over France was frustrated.


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The Battle of Verdun was a German attemptto break the frontline which resulted in a

failure since the French armies resistedthe continuous attacks for more than tenmonths without ceding an inch of land.

The allied armies also tried an offensive at

the Somme, but it didn't have any successeither.The number of casualties after these twobattles summed up to one million for the

allied armies and 800000 for the Germans

The trench war

Trench line at the Western front


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The trench war

barbed wire

tanks

trenchesbombed

city

commandingstation

cannonssickbay

undergroundshelter

top

A trench in the WWI


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rats

sickbay

barbed wire

ammo

enemytrench

commanding officer

sandbag

watcher

deadsoldier

artillery

observationballoon

trench

Communication post


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French troops attacking with their bayonets fixed


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Chemical warfare was born during the Great War: Poisonous gases

increased the number of casualties considerably.


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Tanks, like the Mark-4, were specificallydesigned to overcome trenches, cross

areas under bombing and protect the soldiers


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Automatic gunmachines,grenade launchers,

flamethrowers and otherweapons were used in

a new type of war, muchmore deathly thanprevious conflicts

New weapons,a new era of war


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Big Bertha is the most paradigmatic example ofthe German artillery. It is the name given

to a type of heavy howitzer (420 mm) whichwas developed by the Krupp manufacturer.


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Airforce began to be used asa weapon in the Great War.

The Red Baron was the nicknameof a German pilot who becamea hero for his compatriots after

shooting 80 enemy planes down.


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Zeppelins, U-boats and warships were the other weapons which were used in the war


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War at sea was fought near the Danish coast,in the area surrounding the Jutland Peninsula

Th E t f tOn the Eastern front the Russian offensive


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The Eastern frontOn the Eastern front, the Russian offensivesurprised the Germans in 1914, althoughthese managed to counter-attack quickly

under the command of the generalHindenburg, who stopped the Russian

advance in Tannenberg.


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In 1917, the outbreak of the Russian Revolution and the subsequentseize of power by the Bolsheviks altered the war situation significantly

The new Soviet government, following its people's will, decided to abandon the warand asked for an armistice. Then they signed theTreaty of Brest-Litovsk with the

Central empires. According to this treaty, Russia abandoned: Ukraine, Poland,Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Belarus. Bessarabia was ceded

to Rumania and a part of Armenia was for Turkey.

The USA entered the conflict in 1917 after one of their warships was sunk by a


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German submarine.


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On the Eastern front the Austrians and their allies were defeated bythe combined forces of French, British and Italians in 1918.

The Empire of Austria-Hungary and the Turkish Empire askedfor the armistice and the combats came to a halt

On the Western front the Germans were defeated. The armisticewas signed on 11th of November.

Republic of Weimarwas proclaimed in Germany.

Th Si f h


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The Signature of thePeace Treaties

The Great War: A World Conflict


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The Great War: A World Conflict


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The Treaty of Versailles was signed on 28th June 1919


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Political Clauses

-Germany had to cede:

a) Alsace-Lorraine (to France)b) Coal mines in Saar (to France)

c) Eupe and Malmedy (to Belgium)d) West-Prussia/Polish Corridor

(to Poland)

-Austria-Hungary ceased to exist

as an Empire


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Military Clauses


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Military Clauses

-German compulsory military service

is abolished

-During 15 years Germany is not allowedto station troops on the left borderof the river Rhine and in a 50 km

strip on the right border of the Rhine.

-The total size of the Germany armyis not to exceed 100.000 men

.Germany is not allowed to have tanks,airplanes, submarines, large warships

and poison gas.


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G.Clemenceau

W.Wilson

D.Lloyd George

Other War Treaties


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Other War Treaties

Saint-Germain Trianon

Neuilly Sevrs

Austria became a Republicand lost all its Slav territories

Part of Hungary's posessionswere given to its neighbours

Bulgaria ceded some territoriesto Greece

Arabs and Greeks receivedterritories from Turkey

F t ti f th E


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Fragmentation of the EuropeanEmpires after the WWI

Europe before and after the Great War


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President Wilson and his Fourteen Points


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1. There should be no secret alliances between countries2. Freedom of the seas in peace and war3. The reduction of trade barriers among nations4. The general reduction of armaments5. The adjustment of colonial claims in the interest of the inhabitants as well as of the

colonial powers

8. The evacuation of all French territory, including Alsace-Lorraine10. Independence for various national groups in Austria-Hungary11. The restoration of the Balkan nations and free access to the sea for Serbia13. Independence for Poland, including access to the sea14. A league of nations to protect "mutual guarantees of political independence andterritorial integrity to great and small nations alike."

What you should remember:


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Opening session of theLeague in Geneve, on15th November 1920


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Political Consequences


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q

The USA became the great winners of


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The Spartacist Uprising in Germany,and the outbreak of the Italianand German fascism were otherpolitical consequences of the GreatWar

The USA became the great winners ofthe conflict, since theirindustry boomedas well as their economy. A boom whichsewed the seeds of the future Depression.

Social Consequences


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Women became workers of weapons factories.This fact changed the role women had had.

The incorporation of women inthe working world contributed

1893 New Zealand1902 Australia1

The progress of women's vote


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gto increase their responsabilityand autonomy.

Additionally, this made themconscious of their abilities andthe fact that theirrights weren'tthe same as men's.

Finally, the women's suffrage

spread progressively.

1902 Australia11906 Finland1913 Norway1915 Denmark1917 Canada21918 Austria, Germany, Poland,Russia1919 Netherlands1920 United States1921 Sweden1928 Britain, Ireland1931 Spain1944 France1945 Italy

In Europe, the first women

to vote were Finnish (1906)

first world war. very interesting!!!

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