fisher effect

25
JIJCJf1flJ © UOTW 12 1AC1J O ipc 2OflLCC o xcq iio bi1bp2 wA p dnocq ,poru cxbjcu bcuJJ2!ou bLoAqGq njj cLcqp © 1ôô2 pA Lqcuc q!2pJU uJq ioi 2!wou yJJ LI2 L2uGq 2P014 2GCOU2 O fQX 1101 ECOUOWC J{Q2GLCJJ o qic (IJO12 tq uo 1JJOQ O IJJQ J{Q2LAQ pUI( O Vfl2I1UJJ OL IJJG M!OUI 11LGJ1 OJ bLo1uL2 !u ECOUOUJTC Jfic ou uq j,ouiA ECOUOW!C2 'quA ob!u!ou QxbLQQq ipo pQJbnJ coum.1Gu MWL9JJA rJj QLLOL n.c om. ou Jp brb 0j J4BE LC2QLCp /JG onjq JIJCG O fJJUJ WGUJL O ECOIJOIJJ!C QLOfth fpQ J{G2QLA 1UJ( OJ Vfl2tJI! OL yb4J JÔ2 1'[V 03fl8 J020 P(1U 'qAQUIQ MVJJOYIVF Bfll EVIl Oh ECOMOIC /AOL1UJ bGL MO. 2080 loiju 2TUJOU LQqQI4c RJJJCJU IHE hI2HEI EEEEGL IM Vfl2JJVFW VM EbIMCVF EXVV'III4VJJOM Oh MBEI /AOKKIMO bVbEK 2EIflE2

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Empirical test of Fisher effect in Australia

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Page 1: Fisher Effect

JIJCJf1flJ © UOTW 12 1AC1J O ipc 2OflLCCo xcq iio bi1bp2 wA p dnocq ,poru cxbjcu bcuJJ2!ou bLoAqGq njj cLcqp© 1ôô2 pA Lqcuc q!2pJU uJq ioi 2!wou yJJ LI2 L2uGq 2P014 2GCOU2 O fQX 1101

ECOUOWC J{Q2GLCJJ

o qic (IJO12 tq uo 1JJOQ O IJJQ J{Q2LAQ pUI( O Vfl2I1UJJ OL IJJG M!OUI 11LGJ1 OJbLo1uL2 !u ECOUOUJTC Jfic ou uq j,ouiA ECOUOW!C2 'quA ob!u!ou QxbLQQq ipopQJbnJ coum.1Gu MWL9JJA rJj QLLOL n.c om. ou Jp brb 0j J4BE LC2QLCp/JG onjq JIJCG O fJJUJ WGUJL O ECOIJOIJJ!C QLOfth fpQ J{G2QLA 1UJ( OJ Vfl2tJI! OL

yb4J JÔ21'[V 03fl8

J020 P(1U 'qAQUIQMVJJOYIVF Bfll� EVIl Oh ECOMOIC

/AOL1UJ bGL MO. 2080

loiju 2TUJOULQqQI4c RJJJCJU

IHE hI2HEI EEEEGL IM Vfl2JJ�VFWVM EbIMCVF EXVV'III4VJJOM Oh

MBEI /AOKKIMO bVbEK 2EIflE2

Page 2: Fisher Effect

O8O nbhoW 5IM QQ1 IhqA

IO MOITAMIMAXEI JADI$HM MA AJJA5ITUA MI TDEH1 5HHH HT

TDAHTHA

iiiod nrLt ,i&ibni niii thiiinl .EiI11iuA hi 3z1l irLiI rh s'1&tE iqq idT

1dithiw c1j i&Ii noiflibni 511 ic1i ionrrr1flu1 .iooi linu lliEino3 nonEflm bni iin iini orli viib briE irli thiw biEio2B rn1do-iq omonvo oT .22o3oq iori b1EbnEi-non vEff

.noiiBIumi2 oFnD noM b u l1$rn w iii lo noi1udhi2ib fqmi !thrn ino £ lo rxbiv on i irLi 1ix oi rri 1331 IcL2i1 nrri-noI s &irlw iirli fliibni rfT

zfl5r ir iai1ni ni niri-riod Iir1w irh 2i2u idT .i3113 irfiT nui-florf

rI1 urJT .noiiEioqx 'u3noiiEflni iE3ibni %\1\ ntn-inoI ,i1oq iiinofri iii nEd3

.'oiIoq ir1riom lo nii r1i shii&b oi bu d on b1uorf i i1ini lo 1vL ntri-ignoI

nomi nr1o1 nb1r1iM 2 3i1blq £iIE1JWA lo lnsH i51 *ioY wT4 o *iiI vrM Iirrb1 Iq nijmM jU 'fl3diJ EE

IOO nbv oo VQ xoH OOI YM *toY wM AIJA5ITUA 5HHM briE

Page 3: Fisher Effect

TDaHI 3HPI 3HT IO 1OITAIIV1AXa JADIrnPIa A AIJA$ITIJA MI

nomi iuIoI. bnt fIiAdiM 2 i19b31'I

MOITDUUO$ITMI .1

i ,nod bni aii iiini Li iii ii i ifli i xini frni-tIofL lii ji 1$ oU b5rI1i '1nomrnoo wiv bu3bnEi A cnoiiEflni b3i3qx ni th i ,'13vi1mlli '3iIoq Vii3nOrfI b

iii noiiBuiovfl iofl31 Iiifmi1q 1t iiini fmni-tIorf 2 f1 ain3mvom icfll i (i113 13iiiI 3d1 21$ ol

ai rli i aicll 11 .noiJiflni 31u1i11 iol 'iiLid1$ vi1oibiq v&1 'Hi jloua as bnB noiii11ni bi3qx

1$ -idisi lud '3iLoq 'i131nom lo rnia d1 lo ninirIii i t&ibni Ion aob aiiri iaiIni m1l-rIoff a ni

ja5Irni L&iirnon b bv1 3rLt niau ni noiiu& iol bn i 3U2 bluow aidT .rloilBflni biqx3 iii th .'3iLoq 'OJ3i3nom b nIf1i1 oth lo aioiE3ibni as

10 Ivi r{i nwid qirtanoii1$bi f i iioq 01 n1$i1oqmi au 10 au&d 1gniaiiqiua loM

bnuol nd asri i11 (12jq iLT .ai11nuo3 nim ni b3ibula n3od af$if noiIflrii 3lulul boB 231B1 1251310i

3r11 briE EbBOED a3fl3i b3tinU 3111 ni 3Iqml$x3 io1 .aboil3q ni1$tI ivo ai11nuo3 moa iii noiJa 3d 01

a31E1 Ja3l3Ini n33w13d noiif$15r1o3 3111 13v3woH .QVQI Lilnu boiq 11$w-iaoq li ni mobniX b3IinU

1.ai1inuo3 131110 ni io QVQI-laoq r1ir1 nd Ion asri noiliiflni b333qx3 bnl$

IiJ$1133 bnE ai11nuoD ni1311 io1 gnolla ai iib idaiI 3111 'r1w lo 3Esuq 3111 airi a11uai a3r1T

iol 3lxsuq airli 01 132flB ns abnil (QQ1) nblrlaiM ,iqq Jn31 i nI .aiiiio io1 Jon Jud abohq 3miJ

briE noilsilni rl3irlw ni qidanoiJI3-I r1ai1 nui-noL ii iol Jloqqua abnfl iqiq i1T .a31E1 b3iinU 3(11

noilEilni n3rlw iir1i ai1qmi io11 13d2i1 nLrI-no1 i lo n3aixo ffT .b31s1Jnio3 311$ 231111 123131f1i

Iliw 23132 owl 323f11 aOVQI i1 I flu 231111 ni 3ah 3r11 riliw b5rIu33o as abnoii Iidirlx3 231s1 1a3131ni briE

13r1ai1 3(11 11u231 i eA .owl (1J 033w13c5 noiiBl3TIo3 noi1a 1$ 3d Iliw 3I3r11 (audi brIB 13di3oi bn3li

l3fIJo 3111 nO abn3lJ Jididx3 noilsflni briE 231111 ia3loini n3dw aboh3q 3f11 ni noiia 3d 01 21E31I 133113

3n1$r13 rbirlw ni qidanoii1$131 13daiI nm-tioda lo 33n312ix3 3(11 Jloqqua Ion a3ob 3on3biv3 3111 bnBrI

b3b3qx3 briE 231111 ia3l3Ini n3fIw .231111 123131ni ni 3nf13 i fltiw boisi3oaas ai noilElini b3133qx3 (Ii

Page 4: Fisher Effect

3iw ini iiini bnl3 noiiiflni n3dw O8Q1 1i ffuodi bnuo n abnii iidirfx3 ion ob noiiiflni

.lI33qqB Ion iliw noiiJ3flni bni nri i313ini nwiod noihs15rIo3 noi i oIdiia '13viinb1

rfI lo (11n31i orD 3lirn1 ol (Q 1) nb1r1iM ni b3niIIuo 'o1oborh3m 3rD au iqiq irIT

3u11 3r11 3nifrrl3i3b ol 2noiit1umi2 oI-isD 3inoM lo au 3A1$m 3w u311J3ii-u$q 111 .Bi1f1i1JA ni i113 i3rIaiI

313(11 r1uorh1B qir1noiiBb1 13r12i1 nui-iior1 i iol 33ri3biv3 on briil 3W .iiiiEi ii lo noiiudiiiaib

rrrl3J-110r12 ni onzth iidi 2i23ua 33n3biv3 thIT .qif1noii151 r1iI nin-no1 £ iol 33f13biv3 mo -iono1 di 113r1w oi1oq '(n13nom lo nin3oo1 io nin3111ii 13 311$3ibni th1ixi2uA ni iBi 35I31ni

(I1$33nom lo 3n1r1gii odi no noii13mlolni nibivrnq lo b1ani a3i131 i5I3ini miol-Jiork lo 13v01 inn

.noiillllni 10 2noIil$133qx3 133fl31 oiLoq

TMI'PIa M3HFI HT OIT2T $IOI YDOJOUOHT3IVJ HT .11

in&iuinia i •xol nii231 b3vlovni r1 i113 i3r12iT Hi 1o noiil$nrnilx3 Aiow 2uoiv3lq ru

3111 ni lo 33fI133i1iI1i2 r1i iol flhi231 .3.i :noiliiflrn siuitjl bini 231131 123131fli lo 13V31 3(11 lo noiifiL3ilo3

:noi223131 nii2E331o1 niwo11o1

(1)

313f1W

I+ 01 3mul nioil 31131 fI0111$flfli 5IJJIIJ1 boii3q 3110 3(11 =

.1 3(1313 113 flWOfl)1 31131 323131111 siulul boil3q 3110 3(11 =

bnii 23fln 123131ni dlod 311(1w 1isr1i 21 11o1113up3 rIi121333io1 13 213 lo irlguorft d n (1) 11021331 3rIT

3hrlw boii3q lo gninnig3cl 3(11 113 nwonA 3113 231131 123131111 boi13q 3m11 3(11132 3(11 13V03 noiflillin

floilElini suflul bnfi iB1 125131ni lo noii13I3TIo3 3113 W3!V flI$) 3W I+ boii3q (Ii 13WOfDI '1no 21 fIoiil3flLli

113(11 flffflLJ22fi 'CJ fl0i22313i 2i111 i3iqi3tni 11133 3W ,'13V1iE1fl3i1A .1f1fl (Iwo 23i Ill flu123133f1i 213

3(11 no noilEmlolni 31dBv132do 313W noiiBflni b3133qx3 11 .(VI) £m1$I (II 213 IllnOiiEi 5113 enoIIlsi33qx3

3(11 iol ni1231 d b3ni13ldo 3d bluo3 noiiBflni b3133qx3 bnE 231131 323131(11 lo 13V31 3(11 lo noill$13TIo3

:wol3d () flOi225131 3(11 111 ln3ioflbo3 3(13 lo 33r11$3iIini2

()

Page 5: Fisher Effect

,513f1W

. omil iL 3LdELisvE noihwrriomni 11 no IBnoiiibno3 noin3lo3qx3 3111 =

nIiiiw 3d fli3 3un noiiflni 3luiu1 b3iIB31 rf1 anoi1i33qx3 lEnoitsi l3bnU

() rbhfw t omit is nworni noiisrrriolni 'n 03 LEnoor1r1o 21 , 3 r!oiiBflni lo orio iaoio1 out oiorfw

Jr mioJ iono orli 113111w ni (I) noitsupo ni 11uoi (f) bns () 200ilsupo ninidmoD .

obu1oni

!rioiii lobnu i at 1J3noorfrIo 21 3 bus noii3tril2no3 d i 01 1snoorfrio 21 33ni + 3 at Luiupo

ofli ni lo otfirnitao (JO) sup i2soI isnibio nn bns ot thnoor1tio o2113 ai Jr noits1ooqx3

Isnoitsi novi 2ur1T .() noitsupo ui lo oisrnit2o 31133212no3 s i (1) noitsupo rIit2s33io1

orIi iol idol s o2lil i noitsilni oiuiul rliiw 233131 325133(11 b fl011J315n03 orb 10 3233 ,2f10i313133qx3

.noiisllni boi3oqxo bus 231131 323103(1110 nOiiSIOTIO3

2boiioq noiflimi1o oriT .wolod I oldsT ni isoqqs (1) noitsupo gni3smiio rnoil t1u2o1 oriT

QQI at VI QVQ! bus III QVQI 03111 Q! ;VI QQI 03111 Q1 boiioq oLqrns2 liii orfi ;oius bolioqoi

Jr + + Xs = t noiloupI gnit2s1o'1 noi3tflnI b o1smit1 :1 9Jdt3T

1? x boil9q 91qmt

IJ sI.O .O (V8.) (.I)

VIEQQ!—IIIQl

£V. V4.O c! (8.V)

1S.E- (8&)

III QVQI—11I QI

Oi.O E.O (8e.v)

QO.1-

(4O.I) VI QQi—vI QVQI

.2oaorhrlsuiq flu 23132131332-1 :oiofrl

oton (Iu2so1T orb iiiT .2n025o1 owl iol 2bofloq-dfJ2 owl 323111 olni 311q2 flood 21311 OIqffls2 odT

nrIi33I3 io*ism 333fl51 ion bib 231131 oton isuli III QVQI lilnu sw s rbu2 ui bsioi2inimbs 26W ioAism

23361 QVQ I iodmoooU ni ioAism oion '(1u2s1T orIi lo floii6Iu51ob ulhiW .ai2sd 'sb ol 'sb 13 110 233flq

isdi 2i omit isdi bnuois lsoid s i33q2u2 03 (102631 iBbno3o2 A .13*ulm odi d 102 \Iifl3Up32dIJ2 313W

bus (48QI) nbldaiM bris snisiuH ,(48QI) nsrnboi-xq bus sbiislD 31qm13x3 idb) r1zn133231 2UOiV5Iq

Page 6: Fisher Effect

I.

iii 1ubDo1q '3iJoq '(n3bnom U ni gnr1c 3f11 thiw isdi 3is3ibni ((8Q1) nbkf2iM bns dmuD

bris biinU r1i ni rliod bi1id isi iiini 1si io1 oiq 3ii2sd3oia 3d1 QV1 odo13O

.bsoids

.H xibnqqA iii bbu1ni is Lisib 131thu1 wobd b1n31q i bu sisb 3d1 lo dqsig A

1dm3U moiI 1sid i3nuiib s worI isi ion '0us5IT orli 3vods buib s bns na od ns A .noiisLu5Ib IEi3nl3niI lo i1uax .6 2 no QVQI

floihflfII bna h5I i9tnI m19T-hot1 :1 91uiI

Q-nuI. I Q-nul. V8-ntjl. E8-nul. QV-nu1 V-nu1 IV-nut V-nu1 -nuI.

iol 1.0 vods bns 1qrns-du owl 3111 iol 4.O 3vocfs 5Th ismii (I) noilsup3 odi o1 ouT

noowiod noii.6bllo3 odi isdi ois3ibni 01 moo irIoi3nIoo3-q odi no iiiisi-i did ouT .o1qms llul odi

s lo 3303251q odi niis3ibni in&flinia '1IE3iiifl312 i ois ioio1ni Ii3nimon bns noiisfthi boi3oqxo

iii iooi linu iol Isiinoioq odi noii3odu2 ixon ouii iii uis ow 2.6 1iovowoH .133113 13112i1 nozi2

.133q2u2 lsrLwomo2 i3oTb iod2iT.6 iol o3nobivo 2idi 2oAsm olsi i2oloini bris noiisflni

o

01

0

01

0

Page 7: Fisher Effect

aIooSI tiriiJ b 1n91do1 9dT () II 3rnii iidi aui3d thn3lJ i1213li3oia ni13ino3 fbi 3131 B fit 31dflfl13v r1t Ii itrli nwornI 113w i 31

E.rIibj331im Idif1 3d m noiiudiiiib-i diiw 3311513111i n3rIi ,alooi iinu 3v13d a333o1q aiia bn13 bn31J i3a&boJ niInoo iii i1ini bnE noiiBflni b 213v31 3r13 li onirnl3i3b oi Iin3upnoD

w ( 1) noiiltup3 'li3ru3 oi b3u 3d b1uod upindi noiiB1inio3 b3i133ii2ir1qo 1om Ii uf11

.aii iooi liruj lo l3dfrlun 13 b3iznibnoD

iIiiai ie9T oo$I tinU if liv, m9Ido1 9dT (i) () II 31di2oq siom no lo suwi 3d lo ari i Ii 13v3wod i1 Iooi linu r11 ni13ubno3 slo13a

'(13V 3d 11133 21233 lool linu bu$bnsi2 101 1311u1 bnJ3 'biU 'd b311$1u31& 23U113V 1133i3i13 3rIT .m3ldoIq

Ion 5113 21001 tinu iol b313i 231d13n13v 3(11 lo 213b0m 23F132-3fflui 3(11 li 10 23Iqrnl$2 1li3m2 Iii nibii312im

nrnhl3li2LJA 3fIT .2m131 3f313V13 nivom lnI3tIOqffli 3bIJI3IIi 13(11131 lud 23223301 3Vi2231310itJ13 5I1J

1113m2 1331103 3(11 ni1do ol 1f322333fI 2i Ii 5101313f11 1bflB rfl3IdOlq 21111 molI 1311tJ2 £lBb 110111311111

310(11 iol woith dzidw 2noilBlumi2 oIlBD 3tnoM mnoil ii2i111 t1 323(11 iol 2noiiudnl2ib olqfnE2

.231d13i113v b33231 3111 lo 23223301 23i132-3ffluI 11313n3

i bns t 231d13nJ3v 3dT .2woIlol b3l3ubno3 513W 2in3mn3qxo floiiBlIJmi2 ohBD 3if10M 3rIT

.(aioo-i linu gnimu2 .3.i) rrnol b33nsi3llib 12111 111 213b0ffl AIvII5IA d b3di13ob od 01 b3mu13 313W

313(13 e13V3WOH .thoil3q 3Iqmf$2 1n13v3131 3(13 moll b3313mi123 513W 2l3bom 323(13 101 21313rn13113q 311T

lJ3flOiJibnOD 3Vi22313M-0ILJA b3niBino3 2(11131 10113 3111 313(13 i23LJ2 01 O3fI3biV3 213W

1flBV3l31 3(11 iol b3113mu123 213W 2233O1 HDMA 3111 21(11 sluiqB3 oT .(HDMA) 11i3i1213b3I2o13i3H

2233O1 aidi noqu b3aBd (13(11 513W 223301 fluIB13n3 BiBb 3111 (1! 2ffl13J 10113 3dT .2boh3q 3Iqrnl$2

.210113 IfImlon blthnBi2 (113(11 13(13131

2noiiibno3 qu132 lo i3dmun 2in3mn3qx3 ohED 3lnoM 3(11 iol Bulb 3i13f1ifl'2 3111 niiB13fI3g nI

2l3bom 3111 lo in3noqmo3 (MA) 3Vi225131-03UB 3(11 iol b3b33n £iBb 3(11 lo 23U11$V' 113111111 .b32u 513W

3d 01 b3mu2ai 513W boh3q 2ifli 13V0 21011a .13tBb 113u1313 OIdElI13VB 323ih133 fli rnoil b3niBldo 513W

331113w01113 luofhiw siEb li31fl313 3(11 lo 3311131113V b3lBmiia3 3(11 fIif13iBffl 33IIBflBV 13 (131W 113(1110(1 blBbnBI2

3Vi1 .13i1163 b3313mj323 2233O1 HD$IA 3(11 nju b3II3bom 513W 210113 3(11 thu riiwolloq .HDSJA iol

3rlT .32ilidBJ2 01 23223301q MA bn13 HD5IA 3(11 diod woliB 01 b311313n3 313W £iBb 3113d11112 lo 211331

Page 8: Fisher Effect

313w i113b 3adT .VI EQQI ol III ôQ1 moiI boil3q 3r13 ol b3ni iow no noth rnoil b3imn3n3 £iib

io 121fl 3r13 lo u 3bBm 2boiiq-du2 ivo noi1Bmi3 ,i iidi j1sb IIWIDB 3r13 2 'w mi r1i ni bu 1n1w3131 di 31uz1 01 bu i3w inb lo bnwor1i 3n0 .3iEilqolqqE 2S £ib 3d2 lo Ilsif bno3

.zi12i31312 1231

2229T too$L tinlJ (d) II

-3)k)iU odi 21 i32iJBJ2 ICI 3dT .213 iooi jinu 10 q'1 1113va 23n3231q wol3d 1dsT

:noi223151 niwo11o1 3111 moil ()(1—) 3i12i1i312-1 (18Q1 QVQ1) 1311uq

(4)

3liT .2lool linu iol b33231 ni3d oldBilIw 3111 21 { bnB lo ioi bibnI312 JO 3111 21 (q)?.. 513(1W

iol 2woIII$ thirlw (V8Q 1) 2qillirI d b3123u2 3122111312-1 l311Uq-'3)biU 3(1110 noil&)ilibom 13 21 3112111312

.110i2231g31 i311tJI-'3A3iU 3(11 lo (13131 10113 3111 fl ii3i12Eb3A2o1313rl IBnoiiibno3 bnE noi1BI3Tio3olw3

3122i11$22 3231 3(11 lo noil13Dfuibom u$Iimi2 £ 21 1(V8QI) 2qiIhrIc d b3123u2 02113 ,3112i21312 31ff

ô2noi1f3r132do lo lodmun 3(11 21 313(1W ,

(1—

lo 13V31 3DfI133iII1II2 1Bnilt3m 3111 2! 3i12i11312 1231 3111 13b13u 2323f11f1511$q ni 31111W 3d1 31d13T nI

1Ef1iu3m 3rlT .3vodI3 b3di123b 2n0i11$lLJmi2 ohBD 31noM 3111 moil b31131u31133 3i12i11312 1231 113111

213(1 231132 3111 113111 2i23f11oqr1 3111 l3bnu noiludill2ib 3111 1o noilloqolq lisriw 311331b111 213V'31 33fIE3fliflgi2

1233 3(11 113(13 23fls)ibni Ii IIim 21 13(1(131111 2111111 .3112111312 1232 3111 n13111 3m311x3 310ffl 2i 1001 linu 13

lisdI moil 2311303 3i12i11312 3(11 '13Ai1nhJ 21 Ii 113111 2ur11 bns noiludiil2ib 3(11 lo 1ii2 3(11 11! 211B1 3112111312

113111 2i23r11oq\r1 3111 lo 1101133131 2311331bn! O.O 1113111 2231 13v31 33nE3ihfli2 liniiism B 2wIT .noiludhl2ib

3(1102 2! 313111 3IdBT 111 21111231 3111 (11011 332 (1133 3W 2A .13v31 o' 3(11 113 1001 linu 13 21311 31d13fl13V 3111

on 111 .2bn313 311213113012 1111311103 231131 12313111! bnE noiisflni 1o 213v31 3(13 rliod lsrli W3!V 3111 iol rloqqu2

.looi 111111 £ lo 2i23d10q'r1 hun 3(11 133131 3W ob 32133

b3di1323b 21231 (1QA) 1311tJJ—3)(3iQ b3in3muA fli2u 21233 1001 linu b3l3ubno3 02113 3V1511 3W

21231 323111 113V3W0H .() noi3rnip in bobul3ni 3113 '{L lo 21s1 iloirIw ni (48Q 1) 'ol3iU bins bijs d 3113 11021331 21(11 101 bins (b3lloq3l 21231 3(11 lo 313111 1113(11 l3wol n3v3) 13W0 wol '13m31Jx3 moil 1311112

Page 9: Fisher Effect

V

: ldET lo anibrn1 3(13 1ioqqu iiiJi IUA rfi niu i1u.oi orb aobrlionoM .oiod bonoqoi ion

.aiooi linu ovisrl olin olon on bnis noiflsflni lull iortioqil 1km on lo noii3o[o1 is bni't ow ob ois on ru

i bns t io1 at3T iooM JinU : 9IdcT

i ioI itiisi k9T t io1 iIiJis1 t9T

boil9q 3Iqmc lu ia 8.I-

(8ó.O) (8.O) (tV.0) L0- 1f2.4- V.4- (0.0) (.O) (V.O)

VI EQQI—III Q!

ILl- '.0- 0.kl- ve.- mvi—iiii (€i'.O) (V.O) (V.0)

11.1- (€.O) (.O) (V.O)

(R,0) (0.O)

V0.ô!- £O.- 1.E- (IV.O) (4V.O) (V.O)

VUQQI—VIQVQI

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Page 10: Fisher Effect

8

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21 fL3irlw i bnis t 10 noiiEla3inio3 3111 ,biow 1±o 111 .

Jr 16ubi1 noi2ii di lol 21231 lool lifW

21 231d13r11w 3rli lo noilBnidmo3 ini1 £ ifi 23ilqmi 1113 13112iI nm-no1 £ d 116311! 3w isilw

.'C16130i11312

ni lool linu o1 11 1 11i1 311T .2121 nOi16131nio3 lo 2132 owl bi2no3 3W 136 21(11 nI

8nii1s13lf1io3 orli 111 1 113± fflU2213 bnE — t iol 211 looi linu 213ubno3 1 bno 3rIT

. —

rioiifliii 113111W flu 133113 131j21q 11ti £ iol flu1231 213 b32ii31ns1&13 3d (1133 21231 1311131 32311T .flOi3i31

.nrn gnol 3± 111 3130-101-3110 3vom 23161 123131131 bim

linu iol 21231 5113 '31i1 113111 32ifl0331 01 21 21231 lo i bno332 3(11 113 nb1ooL lo 'nw iorlionA

3d nis 2iilT .2noillsb3qx3 lisnoiiin lo noilqmu22s 3111 l3bnu 31131 123131f1i 11331 31fl6-X3 3(11 131 1ooi

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jIOillSflfIi lo 10113 12633101 3111 ni13n11du2 (a .1 31111116 (13)1133 u1o1313333qx3 3(1 1 2310fl3b [] 31311W

:1131111W 3d (1133 — ]1 16(11 332 3W ,1— d 23b12 illod ni1qi31um bn6 23bi2 illod moil j t]1 — =

(V)

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• V% ,31131 11331 3lnis-x3 3111 131 looi linu ioI ni1J 01 ln3ltsviup3 2LJfII 21 — 1t (I! 1001 iiflLJ 6 101

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•'06fl0i1612 21 33131 1631 31fl6-X3 3111113(11 2i23±oq'rf 3111 213 b3131q131ni 3d 11133 133113

19WO lo m9ldo,q 911T (1) (n) III

'(13V 3Vlsfl '6m f1Oi11fl31fli03 iol 21231 16111 2! 5W16131i1 231132-3(1113 3(13 th m3ldolq nwonA-113w A

on b1113 f1oi1s131nio3 1o 23v11131n31113 owl 3(11 n33w13d 1f2iunuj2ib 01 'OiIids 3(11 2! 16r1T .iwoq woE

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2! 311113311303 2lfIT .ffl3ldOlq 2irlJ 3ffl0313V0 01 3nob 3d 11133 16111 311111 21 313(11 131BflUi10ThU .'1rfinom

Page 11: Fisher Effect

Q

iwoq oriT .A o1dT ni boiloq5I bodiorn ohiD oinoM noqu bod 2noiifiIuoLJ33 iowoq 'd iuo oniod

ovodE rkwm ah vn noiino1nio io1 niii lo bod3om ioniriD o1n qoi2-owi odi lo

.OI bnuolE Lin3up5ñ 2i iowoq oil boobni

no inoiz)iIloo3 orli lo nflini oil no iol lEdi ouii (QQ1) obEloG bnE flO223fl a1om5iN

olgna oil I n&ft iowoq io3ioi ibum ov&l Effl 2lobom floiIOTto3 10110 iii miol floii3OTIO3 10110 oil

tiliw miol griiwollol orb lo 2loborn no!135no3 ioio owl boimiio ow ir1i niwo1Io1 .boilom iontnD

:o1dth1J3v Inobrioqob oril a oii olon orfi iii onsrb orli bnB rtoiirflni ni oniif oil

(8) 3+(_— 1_t)1+ 1_

th(.X)111\+A= tL

(Q) t)6— tt(1)+A= oios nsrfi gaol ou ,6 bnEy' 2m1ol noii3On03 10110 oil no lrI0i3fl1oo3 orli iErIl oi1qmi noiiinoinioD

2inobitlooD oorfi lo 0E3flini I133il2iiBl orb iol ioi bobi-ono i i noiiB1oinio3 iol lol orb oa bnl$

noi2o1oi omi oil rim ow loollo rlR nui-no1 lull or!l iol ioi oT .m1oi noiio11o3 iorio orfl no

.atnoi3illoo3 6 brrn'f orb lo 03n 1ini oil o1 ioi omi oil i3ubno briE I = rnoqfni

t9T noi iInioD (d) III od biuoia brim tt lo mI d3iiw onimiolob oT .iaol oodi lo Iiuo1 orb 2nimlno3 oidmT

norli bnz ; brim th 1o ml irIio rliiw iifl boimrniio ou 2noiiupo oil noioio iii bobul3rii

aJrIoi3fll303 liodi 11 irrn3flingia lmol i ono rbirlw ol nibioxm llsilnoupo bololob 01J3 ami Imubivibrii

J3vol oil 113 in flhfIi2 ion 3113

iii iodmun orli oliriw ainoi3flloo3 6 brim ' orb no 3ii2iiml2-i orb ai nmuio3 orb ni iodrnun laiR ouT

olnoM d boimiono 3ilailmla laol Imili lo lovol o3rI flinia I13niu3m orb ai rfimornobnu aoaorlinoimq

brim i.i.III noii3o2 ni bonulluo aolubo3oiq oil boau ainomhoqxo oFu$D olnoM oriT .anOiii$Iumia ohl$D

Jail ni alobom AMI$IA moil bonimido amw aoidmimv ,i brim t oii iol aaooiq WIiJE1ofl3 mlsb orb

.(aiooi Jim nurnuaam .o.i) miol boonoiollib

d boimiianomob am isil oloT4 .nia oviJmon l3ono oil lo 3113 E olcJmT ru 23il2il13l2-i orb HA

oaorli noiim1olr1io3 on lo aiaodioqd Hun odi iobnu QQI) obmfoQ brim rioa23ilH aiomoi){

iiorfi lmrll 13131 oil o3noH .ailai1mia-i 1olLuI-ol3iU mmii amid oviimon aaol rbum ovmrl airloi3illoo3

Page 12: Fisher Effect

01

m131-ttof1 bni noiiiflni i&1i wiv r!i o1 niiIuo3n i ni Jzono3 rf 3 v&L iri uliv biJ3mii

i b iiiinoi33 3r1J iol nbiv3 3ruiuini 1IE3i1ifli2 bniI oLE W .bJE inio oi iii ii3ni .iB1 5133fli 1BI ZO

i9T noitn-igInioD :f 9Id6T

iol ititIt 19T

— 3t fli tooi linu

iol i1i1id 9T — t iii tooi iiøu

boil9q 91q1flC 6 8

0V.- V.0- (0.0) (Q0)

0.1- (00.0) (8.0)

QI.1- (81.0) (a.0)

V- 8.1- (1.0) (Q0)

0ô.€- 80.1- (t0.0) (IQO)

8- (01.0) (4.0)

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III Q\'1—flI ôQ1

VIEQQI—VIQVQ[

bJI$1u3I& 3i3i3f3 ii Ii lo L3v1 nioflini 1BrIiurn 3d3 i 23din113q ni icJmun 3rIT :1oT4 .noiiinio on bru tool Jinu n lo irf1oqrI 1km di ibnu noiin1umi2 oIlED 3inoM moil

limilEm .c riliw I = n3rlw fl0iifl13inio3 on lo 1km f1j lo noiior3l noii £ 3W

.oldthlEv in3bn3q3b 3r11 i iL nrIw bohq 3Lqmhia QVQI—31q (f I iol 10.0 nEfli aI bv31 oniflini 3iiiJEI-J 3th .1 = iorfw Ii 3Iqmf Ilul 3d3 ni 3Ldi3ilJw in3bn3q3b 3r11 ai n3rlw fl3rli oli3 3W

.bvol c rli mn noiizjx nhii3ibrIi 0.0 3vocIE '13r1i12 Jaul 13v31 n flini 1EniIn i 6 no

(QQ 1) obRIoU brt no&*i 13rn3l){ 3111 iloqqu2 A xibn3qqA ni b3in3.szq 2noiiEIU3IED l3wo 323ff3 lo woq 3rlT .woq siom vid 2bbom noiJno3 lon3 ni noi1E13in1oo iol i3 IE11I noiiiaoq

o lo iodmun £ ni i3v3woH 13nE1D-31n nibnoq2srioD 3112 nEfli 13iJsx 11El3n3 i iei 3113 3bnu isdi ai irf 3 iol no2s3l d T . wol3d i iwoq 3d3 ' no Ii ui 'll63fli33q2 EA 3IdsT ni

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3110 'lljsunoM .noi Inio3 rliiw outhv 3viJs3n 1 bswoi b331h12 1313v13q 21 noiiudili2ib 3± ,21

Iuodhiw usd1 noiisl33nio3 1111w 311213512 it d3 lo uLsv vitsgn om bnil ol 133qx3 bluow

b3bi2-3n0 3± gnieu ,2udT .noi1s13inio3 21 513113 ndw 23i32i3532 ii viisgn 2231 bnil w 13v3w0r1

lo 223fb1s51 noilslg3inio3 on lo Hun 3111 nii33L31 lo 30115d3 on 'Hsutiiv 21 513(1 3 J3IJfl2no3 3W 3233

Page 13: Fisher Effect

11

oliup 5th iIuoi odi oLdiT ni bnuol 3i1aiIJ3i 1o1 wol (I0V 0± n0vi ,obr11onoVI .noiiuii oni orD

ni molt novig od irigim I&LI noi2aolqmi odi 03 unino3 boiioinio3 niocf oiio oth rfiiw InoI2i2no3

.onols E oIdT 10 noiiBnml3x0

A xibnoqqA ni bols3ibni 213 wol ai C oldiT flu 21201 nOi1B131fIio3 orli lo iowoq off 1 313± novit)

1 = nodw noiIioinio3 on lo Hun orh lo 2noi1oo1 ln13oflinai2 lsiovo bnfl ob ow liurli 13131 or!!

'ni boobnI .13i113112uA fl 130110 iort2iI nui-riol 13 to oviIloqqu2 1IB1ono 0113 slEb odi 113(1! 21a3u2

-n13om ovd o1in ioio1ni 11301 i&1i iou2 Lo1u2 bluow 'mono3o oim odi lo lobom o1cfiunooi

ouT .qirf2noiil$Lol i0d2iI nui-nol £ nib!oi' 2ufll -isnoi!1$!2 moth 0)Il3rn (131(1w oi3nobnoi nu1iovoi

.woiv 21111 dliw inol2i2noz i oiorl o3nobivo

b9TIa I9d2i'1 nuSI-F1ofI () III ai oii i2oloirii orll noriw iuurli u all ol 13ihufl2IJA 1i 133110 iorlail mn-anol 1$ ai oiorll liurli woiv odT

nui-iiorla A .rhid oct ol bnoi oalE Ihiw 31131 noilEflni boioqxo orli norli omi1 lo bohoq no1 13 lol ior1irf

(113 diiw b0ith3oaa ai onn lasiolni oril ni oniurb IId1 aoluuoibni ,bn&f iorlio oth no i3o113 ior1aiT

in133i1ir1i2 13 bnil 01 l3oqxo bluorha ow abiow iorlio ru .01131 noiiEflni bol3oqxo oth iii oruErf oiiuibornmi

.ruoiiuupo noiaasioi griiwollol oth ni inoi3iIloo3 oviiiaOq

(01) i+(— +x =[1]1—[]a niainosi 'd noiil3flni bolDoqxo lot oiuiiiadua 01 boon ow 3ldEmu1ao ion ai ruoilflupo airli oau&oH

huinoiini uobnu i omii 113 oLdJ3liuivs noiiuirrriolni 'fIB 01 liinoorhio 21 3 010(1 w , 3 + [ t] = t 1&1i

,ni ailuaoi noululuiaclua ir1T .anoil13!ooqxo

(11)

oiodw

I3m3+= JI

or! I filiw b31131o11o3 od (163 mioi loTlO 3(11 luufli aniioin miol ioiio odi ni I-% lo orioaoiq off T

noowiod noilElsno3 £ luo olin Ion ob 2noulf3looqxo IBnoii13l 33(112 (01) ni oId13ilIw 'Ioi13n13Iqxo

3111 niau 'd oiod boniiildo 0113 2011$mu123 lnolaiaruoD .

ai ff3112 , omil 113 nworiA noiflurrriolrii bruu

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3113 231131 125101ni 11351 oau133oH . I - omil i nwonA lno noull3rrrlolm nuEtnoD airuomuiiarui or!!

Page 14: Fisher Effect

lo bbom n01135n03 iori niiifnii d i inmuiini 3dt oofb 01 yjw 1Iuif3r1 no -iJnoifl12

noiiifrno1m nu$lno3 ion ob 1dEimv 3d3 ff3iflw ni (V8Q!) in61D bn 3In3 'd bdiib 3qi 3rD

.aln3mwi2ni J3 bom 3r1i moil 23IdlthE', In flini 3rD oorb n3di bru ,1- mii ifli nwon1

ebohq 31qmf in3l3TIib 1i o1 3vod noiIEup3 noiii r13 niiirnii moil i1ui ojif

1&j1ajjI3j2 orli niii nI . 3IdBT ni bnuol (1n3mu1i2ni b3E1 b uJ3d VI iQI iiiiw ,fIitil3I2)

3111 bivoq ol noiirdumia ohED 3inoM 13ubno ni1 3w no iiiiIa-i 3(11 lo znioiIinia

LiEb 3rIT .I 3LcIBT b nmuloD 12131 3(11 ni b3iloq3l 3112111332-i rli lo 13v31 33nJi3iingi2 I&iiiBm

1113 mo-il b3fls13n 511$ 1dthiiw bni itt 3111 rbirlw ru ono d ol b3i1i33q2 i 33oiq niirru noin3up3 rL r1i ni iiqqi ion ob b u1Ev i2sq bn1$ insnu3 3111 rbidw ni 2I3bom nOii3sno3

01 iol ii1idE niI &iol on 213(1 Hun 3rD iobnu 33n12

+ + X = tt th9Tla 13fIi'I ruuSI-iioiI iol 9T :1 9IdnT

If1f1iIJM 19V91 33flf3fIifli 3itilti-i

3iiiJit-J io1 0= iol boil9q 9Iqm1

Q0 80.0 8 ô0.0 00.0- (V.0) (0.0)

VV.0 .0- I0- 1.0

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IV.0 .0 81.0 1.0- (F.0) (.0)

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.2323r11n3113q ni iori3 b113bnB1 :31014

bn13 no nir1i 31 113w 3113 21n3i3i113o3 r1i no i12iiBi2-i 3r13 113111 3iB3ibni 2iIuasz 1diT 311 T

'13iIJ1o2d13 2i 313111 31o1313dT 11fj noiw 3111 r1 nv 3112111312-i 32381131 3111 rlliw 1n3i3i13o3 q 3111

ni b31n3231q 211u231 noiii 3(11 fl1 1u13 1r12iI nul-llol12 i lo 333231 3111 iol 33n3biv3 on

.4 31d1$T

14OITAJQ3 DMITAD$IOSI MOITAJ'll4I .VI

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lo noi1132r1333ffu3f13 2irIT .133113 13ff 2i:I nln-Jlod2 13 ion lud £iI1$li2uA (Ii 133113 131f2jq nin-gruol 13 21 310(13

Page 15: Fisher Effect

LI

ol bu 3d no &xoii131aqx3 li3noiilri lo noiiqmu2 ff i filiw no1f3 13fl3b 31131 is13ini bnf3 noii13flni fli

21n3i3ffl3o3 b1&ni1s ss oi 'lsAil sd Iliw 3W ni1w lo noilBi3lqIsini b11vno11rfi1$fl2 1$ sbivoiq

svnsb rij sw 1(OQQI) nbIrI2iM ni 2A .(I) noi1iups niiosio1 noiil3llni sf1 ni oisx svocJJ$ '1[fiuinf1dua

srIi nwob niii1w '(d (I) noii1$ups nii2s331o1 noiiBflni 3111 11! insiDfllso3 3111 iol noi22slqxs fIB

3111 lo nsill3vo3 sf11 113111 ni2ino5i slirlw inSi3fllSo3 noii3s[olq sill iol Blurniol b11$bn11

3ffT .2noiil3iDsqxs thnoi1i nsvi oiss 21rnJp3 si1$1 12313113i 11331 sf11 ilhiw 10113 3&siol noilBflni

:i 10 sulf$v bsi3ibslq 3111 lol £lurrnol nui1u231

(1) 5q+f 6q+5+I

sisdw

bs1sqxs 3ff 1 10 noifl$lvsb b1Ebru IEnoiiibno3nu sf11 lo oi1ii sill = [i]z\[( ) =

.31131 125131131 li3s1 3111 lo noiiEivsb b11$bnl3i2 IEnoiiibnoznlu sf1 1 01 31131 noifl$llni

bnl3 ,

(at) ?t sfl$1 noUl3flni bsl3sqxs 3(11 fIsswisd insiofllsoo noiil3lSTIoD li3noiflbno3flu sf1 1 = q

;v 311$1 125151131 11351 boFisq-sno sill

ai noifl3llni bsl3sqx3 10 lsvsl 3(11 sldI$rifw won 'd bsnirrrioiob 21 li3rIi 231133ibni svodB noiiI3ups sliT

b11$bn1$i 3111 lo oiii3l sill ,i d bslns2slqsl) 31131 123151fli 11331 3(11 lo '1i1idthiiw 3111 01 3Vi113131

11331 3111 rliiw 31131 noiil3flni bsl3sqxs sf1110 nOilEISliOD sill 'd 21$ Ilsw 213 (i bnc (t)t lo anoiisiv'sb

.q briB t) 1111w 23i11W won 2WOff 2 siuiI .(q) 31131 123131131

sf11 n&11 lsll3slg 2i noilBilni 1o Isvsl sri I lo 1i1idBhsv 5111 risrlw siuiI 111 532 13133 Sw 2A

bnii .O bss3xs Bw1s Iliw lnSiDiIlsoz) sf11 ,O. I svods 21 113(11 02 sIE1 125131ni 11331 snIl lo 'ii1id1$i11$v

3i121$r13032 isnoi1Bl2 £ svail ion 2sob wrlI bn1$ 1001 liriu B 21311 noilBllni II .23213313(11 ) 21$ 3213313131 111w

IIsw ion 2i lnsmom bno3s2 an nsrIl elsqBq 2i111 ni s3asbivS Isoruqms srI 1 ilhiw 1n512i2f103 21 213 ,223301q

isnilo srI I nO .SSi2 sIqm1$2 sill rlliw woi Iliw lsvsl noii13flni sill lo noilBivsb bibnBl2 3111 bnE bsriilsb

linu syBil 231131 i2sislnI bns noilBflni Ii nsvs 113(11 2sifqmi 133113 i3d2iI nrri-no1 i lo s3ns12!xs sill bnErf

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Page 16: Fisher Effect

4l

nom i&I1o todiI nui-noI £ lo on3Jaixo orfi 1ooi Jinu ovsd oiiri ioio1ni bni noiiEflni rL3idw iii

.oio ovodii 'LLi3iinEidu lo ouLv i o3uboq bn otto boo3xo oi 1oAi1 od Iliw 6 i&fi

q bn 6 tltiW 9hRV woH : uiugi'I

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10 aou1iv boiffi mofi bonialdo oii oii iaoi orfi lo oiamiiao oiodw ,(18Q1) nbkfiM ni boniliuo

orb nodT 1.oi1n iaoioini iBq bnfi 23nBrb noiiflni iaq no olBi lEol ieoq-xo 3(11 b 2flOi223131

qir1anoiiEIo1 LEfIOiiifIflOb niwoLIo1 orli moil boiBLuoIs3 ai noiisllni boi3oqxo boiimitao

(El)

v bn (at) boismiio odi moil bonLu3hi3 OlE q bits j v]t) ,

[( t) t]r) lo aoismilao L1sniI

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Page 17: Fisher Effect

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0I- O8-q 4V-qo 8-q

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Page 18: Fisher Effect

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Page 19: Fisher Effect

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Page 20: Fisher Effect

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Page 21: Fisher Effect

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Page 22: Fisher Effect

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Page 23: Fisher Effect

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Page 24: Fisher Effect

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Page 25: Fisher Effect

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