fisheries economics of the united states, 2015 - …...i.e., international waters or the high seas....

National Overview

Trawler (photo credit: NOAA Fisheries Northeast Fisheries Science Center)

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w | North Pacific | Pacific | Western Pacific | New England | Mid-Atlantic | South Atlantic | Gulf of Mexico

National Overview | United States Summary

MANAGEMENT CONTEXTThe authority to manage federal fisheries in the United States was granted to the Secretary of Commerce by the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Man-agement Act (P.L. 94-265 as amended by P.L. 109-479). NOAA Fisheries is the federal agency with delegated authority from the Secretary of Commerce to oversee fishing activities in federal waters. Federal fisheries are generally defined as fishing activities that take place in the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ, between 3 and 200 nautical miles from the coastline). Generally, indi-vidual states retain management authority over fishing activities within three nautical miles of their coasts.

Regional Fishery Management Councils

• North Pacific • Mid-Atlantic• Pacific • South Atlantic• Western Pacific • Gulf of Mexico• New England • Caribbean

Nationwide, 46 fishery management plans (FMPs) provide a framework for managing the harvest of 473 fish stocks and stock complexes.1 These fishery management plans are developed by Regional Fishery Management Councils (FMCs) in eight regions nationwide: North Pacific, Pacific, Western Pacific, New England, Mid-Atlantic, South Atlan-tic, Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Regions. After an FMP is developed, it must be approved by the Secretary of Commerce in consultation with NOAA Fisheries before it is implemented. Enough information exists to determine the overfishing status for 313 of the 473 stocks and stock complexes (66%): 28 are subject to overfishing (9% of stocks with known status). The overfished status of 233 stocks (49%) is known: 38 stocks (16% of stocks with known status) are categorized as overfished.2

Transboundary and International FisheriesNOAA Fisheries is also actively involved in negotiating conservation and management measures including total allowable catch levels, fishery allocations, and monitoring and control schemes for internationally shared fisheries resources. Shared fisheries resources include those in ar-eas where the EEZ of the U.S. overlaps with other nations

(transboundary areas), and in areas beyond the U.S. EEZ, i.e., international waters or the high seas. The Gulf of Alaska and the Gulf of Maine are examples of these trans-boundary areas. An area in the Bering Sea outside the EEZs of Canada, Japan, and Russia, called the Donut Hole, is an example of international waters. Loss of sea ice will create new transboundary areas and international waters in the Arctic. Regional Fishery Management Organizations (RFMOs) are multinational organizations with interests in internationally shared fish stocks and associated fish-ing activities. Primary objectives of these RFMOs are to research, assess and adopt measures for the conservation and coordinated management of target species, such as bigeye tuna. Some RFMOs also collect data and evaluate and adopt measures for the conservation and scientific assessment of non-target species, also known as bycatch. Non-target species include seabirds, marine mammals, sea turtles and fish species caught incidentally to target species. The commitment to conserving and protecting all species associated with, or affected by, fishing activities is outlined in the Food and Agriculture Organization’s (FAO’s) Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries established in 1995. Another issue of particular concern for NOAA Fish-eries is illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing activities. IUU fishing generally refers to fishing that vio-lates national laws or internationally agreed conservation and management measures in effect in oceans around the world. IUU fishing can include fishing without a license or quota for certain species, unauthorized trans-shipments to cargo vessels, failing to report catches or making false reports, keeping undersized fish or fish that are otherwise protected by regulations, fishing in closed areas or during closed seasons, and using prohibited fishing gear. Experts estimate that global economic losses from IUU fishing range from $10 billion to $23.5 billion annually, represent-ing between 11 and 26 million tons of fish.3

NOAA Fisheries is actively collaborating with other feder-al agencies as part of the National Ocean Council Com-mittee on IUU Fishing and Seafood Fraud. This network of agencies work together to implement measures out-lined in an action plan developed by the Presidential Task Force on Combatting IUU Fishing and Seafood Fraud. The plan includes actions that will strengthen enforcement; create and expand partnerships with state and local

1 Fishery management plans and fishery ecosystem plans for each region covered in this report are listed in their respective sections. The four FMPs developed by the Caribbean Fishery Management Council and the Atlantic Highly Migratory Species FMP developed by NOAA Fisheries are not included in this report.2 Source: NOAA Fisheries Office of Sustainable Fisheries, Status of Stocks 2015. http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/sfa/fisheries_eco/status_of_fisheries/archive/2015/2015_status_of_stocks_updated.pdf.3 Agnew DJ, Pearce J, Pramod G, Peatman T, Watson R, Beddington JR, et al. (2009) Estimating the Worldwide Extent of Illegal Fishing. PLoS ONE 4(2): e4570. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0004570.

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governments, industry, and non-governmental organi-zations; and create a risk-based traceability program to track seafood from harvest to entry into U.S. commerce. The plan also highlights ways in which the United States will work with our foreign partners to strengthen inter-national governance, enhance cooperation, and build capacity to combat IUU fishing and seafood fraud.

Regional Fishery Management OrganizationsNOAA Fisheries participates in eight RFMOs globally. Each RMFO is listed by ocean basin below.4

Pacific• Pacific Salmon Commission• International Pacific Halibut Commission• Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission• Western and Central Pacific Fishery

Commission

Atlantic• International Commission for the

Conservation of Atlantic Tunas• North Atlantic Salmon Conservation

Organization• Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization

Antarctic• Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic

Marine Living Resources

Saltwater Recreational Fisheries Policy In February 2015, NOAA Fisheries established a for-mal National Saltwater Recreational Fisheries Policy to broadly guide future actions and better integrate recre-ational fishing with NOAA Fisheries’ mission. The Policy focuses on six guiding principles: 1) support ecosystem conservation and enhancement; 2) promote public access to quality recreational fishing opportunities; 3) coordinate with state and federal management entities; 4) advance innovative solutions to evolving science,management and environmental challenges; 5) provide scientifically sound and trusted social, cultural, economicand ecological information; and 6) communicate and engage with the recreational fishing public.

Threatened and Endangered SpeciesNOAA Fisheries is also the lead agency for the conserva-tion and protection of marine and anadromous species that fall within the purview of the Endangered Species

Act (ESA). Currently, there are 143 threatened and en-dangered marine species under the ESA (see Table 1).

Table 1. Endangered and Threatened Species under NOAA Fisheries Jurisdiction5

Species Group Number of SpeciesMarine and Anadromous Fish 66Marine Mammals 31Sea Turtles 26Marine Invertebrates 27Plants 1Total Threatened andEndangered Marine Species 151

In addition to threatened and endangered marine and anadromous species, NOAA Fisheries also helps identify candidate and proposed species. Candidate species are actively being considered for listing as endangered or threatened under the ESA. These species also include those for which NOAA Fisheries has initiated a status review that it has announced in the Federal Register. Proposed species are candidate species that were found to warrant listing as either threatened or endangered. These species were officially proposed as such in a Federal Register notice after the completion of a status review and consideration of other protective measures. Currently, 13 candidate species and 12 proposed species are under consideration for listing.

NOAA Fisheries is also responsible for protecting marine mammals under the Marine Mammal Protection Act.6 En-acting this act in 1972, Congress recognized that marine mammal species or stocks may be in danger of extinction or depletion as a result of human activities; marine mam-mal species or stocks should not be allowed to fall below their optimum sustainable population levels; measures should be taken to replenish marine mammal species or stocks; there is inadequate knowledge of the marine mammal ecology and population dynamics; and marine

mammals have proven to be resources of great interna-tional significance. NOAA Fisheries engages in activities such as preventing the harassment, capture, or killing of marine mammals; preparing marine mammal stock assessments; and studying interactions between marine mammals and fisheries.

4 Source: http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/ia/agreements/regional_agreements/intlagree.html. 5 See NOAA Fisheries Office of Protected Resources (http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/species/esa/) for current and proposed ESA species listings.6 The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service protects walrus, manatees, otters and polar bears.

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Essential Fish HabitatsSustainable commercial and recreational fisheries depend on healthy habitats. These habitats include rivers, estu-aries and the open ocean where marine and anadromous species feed, grow and reproduce. Consideration of these habitat areas is part of an ecosystem-based management approach for managing fisheries in a more sustainable and holistic manner. Since 1996, federal fishery manage-ment plans are required to identify and describe essential fish habitat (EFH) for all federally managed species. Hab-itat areas that are necessary for a fish species’ growth, reproduction and development are considered EFH. To the extent practicable, NOAA Fisheries and the FMCs must minimize adverse effects to EFH caused by fishing.

Though not required, habitat areas of particular concern (HAPC) can be identified to help focus EFH conserva-tion efforts. The HAPC designation alone does not confer additional protection or restrictions to an area, but helps to focus EFH conservation, management and research priorities. HAPC designation is a valuable way to ac-knowledge areas where detailed information exists on ecological function and habitat vulnerability, indicating a greater need for conservation and management. To date, approximately 100 HAPCs have been designated including specific coral, seamount and spawning areas. A recent effort undertaken by NOAA Fisheries was the creation of a Habitat Assessment Improvement Plan.7 The goal of this plan is to advance NOAA Fisheries’ ability to identify EFH and HAPCs and provide the information needed to assess impacts to EFH.

Catch Share ProgramsMarket-based management tools are used by fishery managers to reduce over-capitalization, increase the economic viability of fisheries, and promote individual ac-countability for harvest and harvesting practices. A variety of market-based tools are available to fishery managers, including catch share programs. Catch share programs encompass a range of management strategies that share a common feature: a secure share of fish is dedicated to individual fishermen, cooperatives, fishing communi-ties and other entities for their exclusive use. In 2010, the NOAA catch share policy was released to encourage well-designed catch share programs to help maintain or

rebuild fisheries.8 The policy also aims to sustain fish-ermen, communities and vibrant working waterfronts, including the cultural and resource-access traditions that have been part of this country since its founding.

Currently, there are 16 federal catch share programs nationwide. These programs include limited access privi-lege programs (LAPPs), individual fishing quota programs (IFQs), individual transferable quota programs (ITQs), fishing community development quota programs (CDQs), fishing cooperatives, and fishing sectors.9 Implementation dates of these programs span three decades, with five programs established in the 1990s and six programs es-tablished since 2010 (see Table 2). 10 programs manage a single species or, in some cases, two species but as sep-arate management units; the other six programs manage multiple species. Most of the programs (six) operate in the Alaska Region.

Table 2. Existing Catch Share Programs in Federal Fisheries

Region Program YearImplemented

Mid-AtlanticMid-Atlantic Surfclam & Ocean Quahog ITQ 1990

Mid-Atlantic Golden Tilefish IFQ 2009

NewEngland

Northeast Multispecies SectorsNortheast General CategoryAtlantic Sea Scallop IFQ

2010

2010

North Pacific

Western Alaska Community Development Quota 1992

Alaska Halibut and Sablefish IFQ 1995American Fisheries Act (AFA)Pollock Cooperatives 1999

Bering Sea and AleutianIsland (BSAI) Crab Rationalization 2005

Central Gulf of Alaska (GOA)Rockfish (pilot implemented in 20112007)Non-Pollock Trawl Catcher/Processor Groundfish 2008Cooperatives (Amendment 80)

SouthAtlantic South Atlantic Wreckfish ITQ 1991

Gulf of Mexico

Red Snapper IFQ 2007Grouper-Tilefish IFQ 2010

Pacific

Pacific Coast SablefishPermit Stacking 2001

Pacific Groundfish TrawlRationalization Program (Whiting 2011

and Non-Whiting trawl)

Atlantic Highly Migratory Species Individual Bluefin Quota Program 2015

7 The Habitat Assessment Improvement Plan is available at: http://www.st.nmfs.noaa.gov/st4/documents/habitatAssesmentImprovement-Plan_052110.PDF.8 See http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/sfa/management/catch_shares/about/documents/noaa_cs_policy.pdf.9 See Section 303A of the Magnuson-Stevens Act for more information on LAPP requirements.

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Table 3. Economic Performance Indicators for U.S. Federal Catch Share Programs (2014 dollars)10

Management Context Participation Economic Benefit

ACL Exceeded Active Vessels Total Revenue fromCatch Share Species Revenue per Active Vessel

Baseline 2014 Baseline 2014 Baseline 2014 Baseline 2014Gulf of MexicoGrouper-Tilefish Y N 630 435 $22,771,411 $30,775,799 $36,145 $70,749Red Snapper Y N 482 401 $13,958,514 $22,694,038 $28,960 $56,594

Mid-AtlanticGolden Tilefish - N 14 11 $4,707,700 $5,557,814 $336,264 $505,256Ocean Quahog N N 67 16 $29,406,847 $22,834,970 $438,908 $1,427,186Surfclam - N 137 39 $39,625,107 $28,048,549 $289,234 $719,194

New EnglandGeneral Category Scallop - - 271 146 $28,366,002 $27,923,644 $104,672 $191,258Multispecies Sectors Y N 417 217 $86,215,202 $57,771,632 $206,751 $266,229

North PacificAlaska Halibut Y Y 3432 921 $91,801,359 $95,612,949 $26,749 $103,814Alaska Sablefish Y N 1139 315 $60,484,901 $74,167,575 $53,104 $235,453AFA Pollock Cooperatives Y N 147 102 $182,982,099 $372,028,962 $1,244,776 $3,647,343BSAI Crab Rationalization Y N 264 78 $174,706,605 $211,496,791 $661,767 $2,711,497Amendment 80 - N 22 18 $244,617,707 $217,790,708 $11,118,987 $12,099,484Central GOA Rockfish - N 42 50 $4,691,355 $10,765,067 $111,698.93 $215,301.35

PacificPaicfic Sablefish - N 135 87 $6,701,698 $6,768,532 $49,642 $77,799Whiting and Non-Whiting Directed - N 124 101 $39,979,907 $51,510,476 $322,419 $510,005

In 2010, NOAA Fisheries initiated an effort to track catch share program performance.11 Findings from the initial report show that existing catch share programs have end-ed the race to fish (in their respective fisheries) resulting in longer fishing seasons, safer working conditions and improved management performance. The report also shows that existing catch share programs have resulted in reduced fishing capacity to better match stock size, a management objective in the majority of catch share pro-grams evaluated. Economic performance for the vessels remaining in the program improved, as measured by such metrics as revenue per vessel and average price.

Updated information on selected performance indica-tors is provided in Table 3. Briefly, results show that inflation-adjusted revenue from catch share species increased in 10 of the 15 programs and/or sub-compo-nents of the programs since their implementation. In addition, the number of active vessels decreased in all but one program (Central GOA Rockfish), while infla-tion-adjusted revenue per active vessel increased in all programs since their implementation. Further, results show that the annual catch limit (ACL) was exceeded for only one stock (Alaska halibut) in 2014.

Policy UpdatesThe Atlantic Highly Migratory Species pelagic longline fishery in the Western Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico tar-gets swordfish, yellowfin and bigeye tunas, and catcheAtlantic bluefin tuna as bycatch. The fishery had sub-stantial regulatory dead discards of bluefin tuna prior t2015. For example, from 2012 to 2014, the estimate of dead discards ranged from 206 to 139 mt annually. In 2015, NOAA Fisheries implemented an Individual Bluefin Quota Catch Share Program in the fishery to reduce bluefin dead discards and increase accountabil-ity. During the first two years of operating under the new regulations, the fishery successfully accounted for bluefin tuna bycatch using allocated quota; leased quota among participants using an online system; and recorded pelagic longline hauls using electronic moni-toring (video camera) systems. In 2015, the amount of estimated dead discards in the fishery was reduced substantially (88 %; from 139 mt in 2014 to 17 mt in 2015).

Other Market-Based Management ToolsVessel or permit buyback programs are another mar-ket-based tool used by fishery managers. Under these

10 The South Atlantic Wreckfish ITQ is not included due to confidentiality restrictions. The Western Alaska CDQ program was excluded because it is the only CDQ and thus fundamentally different from the other programs. In addition, note that some programs did not have a catch quota prior to the catch share program. For these programs, “na” indicates that the question of whether the ACL was exceeded is not applicable. 11 See http://www.st.nmfs.noaa.gov/economics/fisheries/commercial/catch-share-program/index.

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programs, the government purchases fishing vessels or permits. Doing so permanently decreases the num-ber of participants in the fishery and eases fishing-re-lated pressure on marine resources. Recent buyback programs include BSAI Crab, Pacific Coast Groundfish, Longline CP Non-Pollock Groundfish, Southeast Alaska Purse Seine Salmon, and AFA Pollock.

License limitation programs (LLPs), also known as limited entry programs, are another management tool available to fishery managers. In these programs, the number of fishing vessels allowed to harvest a specific fish stock or stock complex is limited to fishermen or vessels with permission to fish. LLPs have been imple-mented in almost all federally managed commercial fisheries and in every region except the Caribbean.

Ecolabels are market-based tools offered by third-party entities. An ecolabeling program entitles a fishery prod-uct to bear a distinctive logo or statement that certifies the fishery resource was harvested in compliance with specified conservation and sustainability standards. It allows the buyer to potentially influence the sustainable harvest of fishery resources through the purchase of such ecolabeled seafood products at a price premium.

The Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) has one of the most recognizable ecolabeling programs in the world. Currently, nearly 300 fisheries worldwide meet MSC sustainability standards, 21 of which are U.S. fisheries (see Table 4). Fisheries obtaining MSC certification for the first time in 2015 include the SSLLC US North Atlan-tic swordfish longline fishery.

NATIONAL OVERVIEWIn 2015, commercial and recreational fisheries in the United States generated 1.6 million jobs throughout the national economy. In addition, commercial and recre-ational fishing together generated $207.6 billion in sales impacts, $62.4 billion in income impacts, and $96.6 billion in value-added impacts throughout the economy. Florida (176,500 jobs) supported the greatest number of fishing-related jobs overall. Florida also generated the greatest sales ($28.7 billion), income ($7.5 billion), and value-added ($12.5 billion) impacts from the com-mercial and recreational fishing industries combined.

Table 4. U.S. Fisheries with MSC Certificatio 12

Region Fishery Certifie

North Pacific

Alaska flatfish - Bering Sea & Aleutian Islands 2010Alaska flatfish - Gulf of Alaska 2010Alaska Pacific cod - Bering Sea & Aleutian Islands 2010Alaska Pacific cod - Gulf of Alaska 2010Alaska pollock - Bering Sea & Aleutian Islands 2010Alaska pollock - Gulf of Alaska 2010American Western Fish Boat Owners Association albacore tuna North Pacific 2010

U.S. North Pacific halibut 2006U.S. North Pacific sablefish 2006Alaska salmon 2000

Pacific

American Albacore Fishing Association Pacific albacore tuna - north 2007

American Albacore Fishing Association Pacific albacore tuna - south 2007

Oregon pink shrimp 2011Pacific hake mid-water trawl 2009U.S. West Coast limited entry groundfish trawl 2014

Gulf Louisiana blue crab 2012

North-east

Maine lobster trap fishery 2013U.S. Atlantic spiny dogfish 2012U.S. North Atlantic swordfish 2013U.S. Atlantic sea scallop 2013SSLLC US North Atlantic swordfish longline 2015

COMMERCIAL FISHERIESIn this report, commercial fisheries refer to fishing oper-ations that sell their catch for profit. It does not include saltwater anglers that fish for sport or subsistence fisher-men. It also excludes the for hire sector, which earns its revenue from selling recreational fishing trips to salt-water anglers. The commercial fisheries section reports on economic impacts, landings revenue, landings, and ex-vessel prices of key species/species groups.

Key U.S. Commercial Species

• American lobster • Sablefish• Blue crab • Sea scallop• Menhaden • Shrimp• Pacific halibut • Tunas• Pacific salmon • Walleye pollock

Regional HighlightsAt the national level, this report includes landings revenue, landings, and prices for 10 key species or species groups, which were selected so that each region has at least one

12 For more information about these fisheries and the Marine Stewardship Council certification process, see https://www.msc.org/.

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species in the top 10. Results show that commercial fisher-men in Alaska caught the most salmon (6 billion pounds) and earned $1.7 billion for their catch in 2015. Tuna was caught in large numbers in Hawaii (23 million pounds) and generated $82 million in landings revenue. Maine fisher-men contributed the most to American lobster landings (122 million pounds) and earned $498 million for their catch in 2015. In Massachusetts, sea scallopers harvested 22 million pounds landed and earned $265 million for their catch. More blue crab was caught in Louisiana (41 million pounds) than in any other state, earning more than $58 million. Louisiana accounted for the greatest quantity of menhaden landed in 2015, with fishermen landing 894 million pounds worth $85 million in dockside revenue. Sea scallop garnered the highest average ex-vessel price per pound ($12.32) from among the key species and species groups in 2015, with state-specific prices ranging from $11.15 in North Carolina to $12.89 in New Hampshire.

Economic ImpactsThe premise behind economic impact modeling is that every dollar spent in a regional economy (direct impact) is either saved or respent on additional goods or services. If those dollars are respent on other goods and services in the regional economy, this spending generates addi-tional economic activity in the region. This report provides estimates of total economic impacts for the Nation and for each of the 23 coastal states. Total economic impacts for each state and the Nation represent the sum of direct impacts; indirect impacts (in this case, the impact from suppliers to the seafood industry); and induced impacts (spending by employees on personal and household expenditures, where employees of both seafood businesses and its full supply chain are included). That is, impacts from theseafood industry as well as the economic activity gener-ated throughout each region’s broader economy from this industry.

Four different measures are commonly used to show com-mercial fisheries landings affect the economy in a region (state or nationwide): sales, income, value-added, and employment. Sales refer to the gross value of all sales by regional businesses affected by an activity, such as com-mercial fishing. It includes both the direct sales of fish landed and sales made between businesses and house-holds resulting from the original sale. Income includes

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Graph 1. Jobs supported by the U.S. Seafood Industry (With and Without Imports)

0 20,000 60,000 100,000

DESCCTRIHI

MSGANHALNCMDORTXVAWANJLAMENYAKFL

MACA

Jobs Without Imports

Jobs With Imports

personal income (wages and salaries) and proprietors’ income (income from self-employment). Value-added is the contribution made to the gross domestic product in a re-gion. Employment is specified on the basis of full-time and part-time jobs supported directly or indirectly by the sales of seafood or purchases of inputs to commercial fishing. The first three types of measures are calculated in terms of dollars, whereas employment impacts are measured in terms of numbers of jobs. Note that these categories are not additive. The United States seafood industry is defined here as the commercial fishing sector, seafood processors and dealers, seafood wholesalers and distributors, import-ers, and seafood retailers.13

In 2015, the seafood industry supported 1.2 million full- and part-time jobs and generated $144.2 billion in sales, $39.7 billion in income, and $60.6 billion in value-added impacts nationwide. The retail sector generated the largest employment impacts across sectors at 573,000 jobs. The importers sector generated the largest sales impacts ($58.3 billion), the retail sector generated the largest income impacts ($13.3 billion), and the retail sector

13 The NMFS Commercial Fishing Industry Input/Output Model was used to generate the impact estimates (see NMFS Commercial Fishing & Seafood Industry Input/Output Model, available at www.st.nmfs.noaa.gov/documents/commercial_seafood_impacts_2007-2009.pdf).

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Table 6. Sales, Income, and Value-Added Impacts Generated by the U.S. Seafood Industry, 2015 ($ millions)

State Sales Income Value Added

U.S. $144,194 $39,744 $60,566California $21,315 $4,530 $7,553Florida $17,713 $3,319 $5,931Massachusetts $7,308 $1,906 $2,904Alaska $4,421 $1,877 $2,354New Jersey $5,969 $1,273 $2,102New York $5,374 $1,153 $1,905Maine $2,434 $803 $1,161Washington $1,702 $694 $942Louisiana $1,840 $673 $921Virginia $1,170 $407 $566Texas $1,017 $361 $510Oregon $1,058 $356 $504New Hampshire $1,559 $355 $571Maryland $1,330 $351 $532Georgia $1,416 $320 $523North Carolina $1,027 $286 $427Hawaii $814 $247 $362Alabama $502 $189 $251Mississippi $465 $186 $240Rhode Island $347 $117 $167Connecticut $493 $104 $173South Carolina $75 $30 $41Delaware $132 $24 $43

generated the largest value-added and the retail sector generated the largest value-added impacts ($18.2 bil-lion); see Table 5.

The largest state-level employment impacts generated by the seafood industry occurred in California (114,000 jobs), followed by Massachusetts (83,000 jobs) and Florida (80,000 jobs); see Graph 1. The highest income impacts

Table 5. U.S. Seafood Industry Economic Impacts Trends ($ billions)

2012 2013 2014 2015Jobs 1,270,141 1,350,627 1,394,833 1,179,848Sales $140.70 $142.20 $153.30 144.19Income $38.70 $39.80 $42.00 39.74Value-Added $59.00 $60.30 $64.10 60.57Total Revenue $5.10 $5.60 $5.50 5.17

were generated in California ($4.5 billion), followed by Florida and Massachusetts. The highest sales impacts were generated by the seafood industry in California ($21.3 billion), followed by Florida and Massachusetts. The highest value-added impacts were generated in California ($7.6 billion), followed by Florida and Massachusetts (Table 6).

Landings TrendsLandings revenue in the United States totaled $5.2 billion in 2015 (Table 7). This was a 24% increase in nominal val-ue from 2006 levels (a 17% increase in real terms after ad-justing for inflation) and a year-over-year decrease of 6% from 2014 (Graph 2). Finfish landings revenue accounted for 45% of all landings revenue. American lobster had the highest landings revenue in 2015.

Landings RevenueLandings revenue in the United States totaled $5.2 billion in 2015 (Table 7). This was a 24% increase in nominal val-ue from 2006 levels (a 17% increase in real terms after ad-justing for inflation) and a year-over-year decrease of 6% from 2014 (Graph 2). Finfish landings revenue accounted for 45% of all landings revenue. American lobster had the highest landings revenue in 2015.

Graph 2. U.S. Commercial Fisheries Landings Revenue (nominal values, $ millions)

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$4,000

$5,000

$6,000

2015201420132012201120102009200820072006

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Landings Revenue: Largest Increases

From 2006:• Menhaden (154%, 120% in real terms)• Blue crab (75%, 51% in real terms)• Tunas (58%, 37% in real terms)From 2014:• Menhaden (57%)• Walleye pollock (21%)• American lobster (9%)

Landings Revenue: Largest Decreases

From 2006:• Pacific halibut (-41%, -49% in real terms)From 2014:• Shrimp (-30%)• Pacific salmon (-25%)

Landings: Largest Increases

From 2006:• Pacific salmon (61%)• American lobster (52%)• Menhaden (25%)From 2014:• Pacific salmon (48%)• Menhaden (32%)• Blue crab (15%)

Landings: Largest Decreases

From 2006:• Pacific halibut (-66%)• Sea scallop (-41%)• Sablefish (-29%)From 2014:• Tunas (-2%)• American lobster (-1%)

Table 7. Commercial Fisheries Landings Revenue by Region, 2015 ($ millions)

Region Landings Revenue Region Landings

Revenue U.S. $5,184 Pacific $558North Pacific $1,733 Mid-Atlantic $512New England $1,238 South Atlantic $182Gulf of Mexico $858 Western Pacific $103

From 2006 to 2015, menhaden (154%, 120% in real terms); blue crab (75%, 51% in real terms); and tu-nas (58%, 37% in real terms) had the largest revenue

increases, while Pacific halibut (-41%, -49% in real terms) had the largest decreases. From 2014 to 2015, menhaden (57%), walleye pollock (21%), and American lobster (9%) had the largest revenue increases, while shrimp (-30%) and Pacific salmon (-25%) had the largest decreases.

Alaska earned the greatest share of landings revenue in 2015 ($1.7 billion), contributing 34% of the nation-al total (Table 8). Maine ($539 million, or 19% of U.S. shellfish revenue) and Massachusetts ($425 million, or

Graph 3. U.S. Commercial Fisheries Landings (millions of pounds)

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8,000

10,000

2015201420132012201120102009200820072006

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15% of U.S. shellfish revenue) earned the most ex-ves-sel revenue from shellfish landings.

LandingsLandings volume in the United States totaled 9.7 billion pounds in 2015 (Table 8). This was a 2% increase from 2006 levels and a year-over-year increase of 2% from 2014 (Graph 3). Finfish landings accounted for 88% of all landed weight. Walleye pollock had the highest land-ings volume in 2015.

Table 8. Commercial Fisheries Landings by Region, 2015 (millions of pounds)Region Landings Region Landings U.S. 9,728 Mid-Atlantic 649North Pacific 6,038 New England 599Gulf of Mexico 1,555 South Atlantic 106Pacific 747 Western Pacific 35

From 2006 to 2015, Pacific salmon (61%), American lob-ster (52%), and menhaden (25%) had the largest land-ings increases, while Pacific halibut (-66%), sea scallop (-41%), and sablefish (-29%) had the largest decreases. From 2014 to 2015, Pacific salmon (48%), menhaden (32%), and blue crab (15%) had the largest landings in-creases, while tunas (-2%) and American lobster (-1%) had the largest decreases.

Alaska earned the greatest share of landings volume in 2015 (6 billion pounds), contributing 63% of the national total (see Table 8). Louisiana (153 million pounds, or 14% of U.S. shellfish landings) and Maine (138 million pounds, or 12%) had the highest shellfish landings by volume.

PriceOf all key species or species groups, sea scallop ($12.32 per pound) had the highest national ex-vessel price. Men-haden ($0.11 per pound) had the lowest ex-vessel price of all key species nationally. From 2006 to 2015, menha-den (104%, 80% in real terms); sea scallop (92%, 69% in real terms); and blue crab (80%, 59% in real terms) had the largest price increases, while Pacific salmon (-8%,-21% in real terms) had the largest decrease. From 2014 to 2015, menhaden (19%), walleye pollock (16%), and American lobster (10%) had the largest price increases, while Pacific salmon (-50%), shrimp (-32%), and blue crab (-10%) had the largest decreases.

RECREATIONAL FISHERIESIn this report, recreational fisheries refer to fishing for fun rather than to resell fish (commercial fishing) or for subsistence. The recreational fisheries section reports on angler participation, trips, economic impacts and expenditures, and catch of key species/species groups.

Key U.S. Recreational Species

• Atlantic croaker and • Pacific Salmonspot • Seatrout

• Little tunny and • SharksAtlantic bonito • Striped bass

• Pacific halibut • Summer flounder• Rockfishes and • Tunas

scorpionfishes

Regional HighlightsAt the national level, the report includes fishing trips, participation, and the harvest and release numbers of 10 key species or species groups, which were selected so that each region has at least one species in the top 10. Results show that in 2015, recreational anglers in West Florida took the most trips (13.4 million trips) and spent the most on trips ($663 million). California spent the second most on trips ($399 million). West Florida also had the most recreational anglers participate in fishing in their state, with 3.8 million anglers. Of these participants, 63% were from out of state. West Flori-da caught the most drum (seatrouts, 9.5 million fish), Virginia caught the most drum (Atlantic croaker and spot, 7.5 million fish), and New Jersey caught the most summer flounder (5.2 million fish). Alaska caught the most Pacific halibut (691 million fish), and more striped bass (3.5 million fish) was caught in Maryland than any other state.

Economic Impacts and ExpendituresThe contribution of recreational fishing activities in the United States are reported in terms of economic im-pacts from angler expenditures.14,15 Total annual trip expenditures are estimated by multiplying mean trip expenditures by the estimated number of adult trips in each trip mode (for-hire, private boat, and shore). Total annual durable expenditures are estimated by multiply

14 Trip expenditure estimates were generated from the 2011 National Marine Recreational Fishing Expenditure Survey. Durable good expenditure impacts were generated from the 2014 National Marine Recreational Fishing Expenditure Survey (see http://www.st.nmfs.noaa.gov/economics/fish-eries/recreational/Marine-Angler-Durable-Expenditures/2014-durable-expenditures-survey). Economic impacts from recreational fishing activities were generated using the NMFS Recreational Economic Impact Model (see The Economic Contribution of Marine Angler Expenditures in the United States, 2011, available at http://www.st.nmfs.noaa.gov/economics/publications/marine-angler-expenditures/marine-angler-2011). 15 Economic impacts from recreational fishing activities were generated using the NMFS Recreational Economic Impact Model (see The Economic Contribution of Marine Angler Expenditures in the United States, 2011, available at http://www.st.nmfs.noaa.gov/economics/publications/ma-rine-angler-expenditures/marine-angler-2011) and IMPLAN version 3.1.1001.12.

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Table 9. Recreational Economic Impacts Trends for the United States ($ billions)

2012 2013 2014 2015Number of Jobs 425,321 420,191 438,590 439,242Sales $58.80 $58.10 $60.60 $63.44Income $21.40 $21.10 $22.00 $22.68Value-Added $34.40 $34.00 $35.50 $36.08Total Trips (millions) 72 71.9 68 60.9

Table 10. Sales, Income, and Value-Added Impacts Generated by the Recreational Fishing Industry, 2015 ($ millions)State Sales Income Value AddedU.S. $63,440 $22,679 $36,082West Florida $6,948 $2,620 $4,185East Florida $4,020 $1,515 $2,427California $2,079 $797 $1,271Texas $1,938 $726 $1,202New Jersey $1,839 $786 $1,225North Carolina $1,450 $560 $871Louisiana $1,286 $474 $784Alabama $1,245 $532 $889Massachusetts $986 $455 $657New York $874 $377 $587Washington $775 $297 $483Maryland $724 $301 $470South Carolina $676 $245 $397Mississippi $656 $218 $354Alaska $619 $223 $362Virginia $521 $213 $337Connecticut $367 $159 $248Rhode Island $332 $141 $217Oregon $314 $139 $202Georgia $142 $59 $93Hawaii $119 $37 $60Delaware $100 $40 $65Maine $65 $24 $39New Hampshire $50 $21 $30

Graph 4. Jobs Supported by the U.S. Recreational Fishing Industry

0 20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000

Jobs

NHMEHIDEGAORRICTVAAKMSWASCMDNYMALAALNCTXNJCA

E FLW FL

ing mean durable expenditures by the estimated annual number of adult participants in a given state.

Four different measures are commonly used to show how angler expenditures affect the economy in a region (state or nationwide): sales, income, value-added, and employment. Sales refer to the gross value of all sales by regional businesses affected by an activity, such as rec-reational fishing. It includes both the direct sales made by the angler and sales made between businesses and households resulting from that original sale by the angler. Income includes personal income (wages and sal-aries) and proprietors’ income (income from self-employ-ment). Value-added is the contribution made to the gross domestic product in a region. Employment is specified on the basis of full-time and part-time jobs supported

directly or indirectly by the purchases made by anglers. The first three types of measures are calculated in terms of dollars, whereas employment impacts are measured in terms of numbers of jobs. Note that these categories are not additive. NOAA Fisheries uses a regional impact modeling software, called IMPLAN, to estimate these four types of impacts.

Economic impacts from recreational fishing activities supported 439,000 jobs across the United States in 2015 (see Table 9). Recreational fishing also generated more than $63 billion in sales impacts, $23 billion in income impacts, and $36 billion in value-added impacts. Impacts from durable equipment expenditures (e.g., rods and reels, fishing-related equipment, boats, vehicles, and second homes) accounted for 85% of total job impacts, 84% of sales impacts, 86% of income impacts, and 85% of value-added impacts. Of the three fishing trip modes, private-boat-based fishing trips had the greatest eco-nomic impact, accounting for 5% of employment, 6% of sales, 5% of income impacts, and 5% of value-added impacts. The greatest employment impacts from saltwa-ter recreational fishing were generated in West Florida, followed by East Florida and California (see Graph 4).

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Graph 5. Recreational Fishing Trip and Durable Expen-ditures, 2015 ($ millions)

Other Equipment$1,733,220Second Home Expenses$1,894,900Vehicle Expenses$3,192,964

Fishing Tackle$3,341,605

Trips$4,460,798

Boat Expenses$14,113,746

The highest sales impacts were generated in West Flor-ida, followed by East Florida and California (see Table 10).

In 2015, expenditures for fishing trips and durable equipment in the United States totaled $28.7 billion. Approximately $4.5 billion of these expenditures were

related to trip expenses. Total trip expenditures con-sisted of expenses on trips in the private boat (40%), shore (31%), and for-hire (29%) sectors. Durable goods expenditures totaled $24.3 billion in 2015, with the largest portion coming from boat expenses ($14.1 billion).

Fishing TripsNationwide, anglers took approximately 60.9 million salt-water fishing trips around the country (see Table 11).16 This number was a 27% decrease from 2006 and a 10% decrease from 2014 (Graph 6). The private boat mode accounted for 48% of fishing trips. The largest percent-age increase in trips from 2006 occurred in the for-hire mode (15%). West Florida took the most fishing trips (13.4 million trips), followed by East Florida and North Carolina (see Table 12).

Table 11. Recreational Fishing Trips by Region, 2015 (millions of fishing trips)RegionU.S.

Trips60.9

Gulf of Mexico 19.7South Atlantic 16.5Mid-Atlantic 12.4Pacific 5.8New England 5.0Hawaiʻi 1.4

ParticipationNationwide, 8.9 million recreational saltwater anglers fished in their home states in 2015.17 This number was a 33% decrease from 2006 and a 14% decrease from 2014 (Graph 6). Coastal county residents made up 86%

Graph 6. Recreational Fishing Trips, 2006-2015 (thousands of angler trips)

60,000

80,000

100,000

2015201420132012201120102009200820072006

16 Trip estimates do not include Puerto Rico, Alaska, or Texas. Hawaiʻi trip estimates are available only for the shore and private boat mode.17 Participation estimates include do not include Puerto Rico, Alaska, or Texas. Hawaiʻi is included for 2004-2006 only.

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of this total while non-coastal county residents made up 14%. West Florida had the highest participation of anglers (3.8 million anglers), followed by East Florida (1.8 million anglers) and North Carolina (1.5 million anglers).

Table 12. Recreational Fishing Trips by State, 2015 (thousands of trips)State Trips State TripsWest Florida 13,425 Virginia 2,083EastFlorida 8,634 Mississippi 1,551North Carolina 4,646 Hawaii 1,431New Jersey 4,287 Washington 1,342California 3,741 Connecticut 1,341New York 3,235 Rhode Island 879South Carolina 2,670 Oregon 711Louisiana 2,426 Georgia 590Alabama 2,324 Delaware 495Maryland 2,319 Maine 414Massachusetts 2,181 New Hampshire 221

Harvest and ReleaseIn 2015, drum (seatrouts, 28 million fish), drum (At-lantic croaker and spot, 25.6 million fish), and sum-mer flounder (12.2 million fish) were most frequently caught by recreational anglers in the United States.18 From 2006 to 2015, rockfishes & scorpionfishes (43%), Pacific salmon (15%), and tunas (Thunnus species, 11%) had the largest increases in catch, while striped bass (-62%), summer flounder (-44%), and drum (seatrouts) (-43%) had the largest decreases. From 2014 to 2015, drum (seatrouts, 13%); Pacific salmon (8%); and striped bass (7%) had the largest increases in catch, while little tunny & Atlantic bonito (-38%), summer flounder (-36%), and drum (Atlantic croaker & spot) (-24%) had the largest decreases.

MARINE ECONOMYFor this report, the marine economy refers to the eco-nomic activity generated by fishing and marine-related industries in a coastal state. The national marine econo-my consists of two industry sectors: 1) seafood sales andprocessing (employer establishments and non-employer firms); and 2) transport, support, and marine operations (employer establishments). These sectors include several different marine-related industries. Note that Census Bu-reau data for the Marine Economy section of this report is available only through 2014. Percentage changes in inflation-adjusted (real dollar) terms are calculated using

the annual implicit price deflator GDP time series pub-lished by the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis and the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis.19

The Commercial Fishing Location Quotient (CFLQ) measures the proportional size of this sector in a state’s economy relative to the size of the commercial fishing sector in the national economy.20 The CFLQ is calculated as the ratio of the percentage of regional employment in the commercial fishing sector relative to the percent-age of national employment in the commercial fishing sector. The U.S. CFLQ is 1. If a state CFLQ is less than 1, then less commercial fishing occurs in this state than the national average. If a state CFLQ is greater than 1, then more commercial fishing occurs in this state than the national average.

In 2014, 7.6 million establishments operated through-out the entire U.S. economy, including marine and non-marine related establishments.21 These establish-ments employed more than 121 million workers and had a total annual payroll of $5.9 trillion. The nation’s gross domestic product was approximately $17 trillion in 2014.

Harvest and Release: Largest Increases

From 2006:• Rockfishes & scorpionfishes (43%)• Pacific salmon (15%)• Tunas (Thunnus species) (11%)From 2014:• Drum (seatrouts) (13%)• Pacific salmon (8%)• Striped bass (7%)

Harvest and Release: Largest Decreases

From 2006:• Striped bass (-62%)• Summer flounder (-44%)• Drum (seatrouts) (-43%)From 2014:• Little tunny & Atlantic bonito (-38%)• Summer flounder (-36%)• Drum (Atlantic croaker & spot) (-24%)

18 Harvest and release estimates do not include Puerto Rico or Alaska. For Hawaiʻi, these estimates are available only for shore and private boat mode.19 U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, “Table 1.1.5 Gross Domestic Product” and “Table SA6N Compensation of Employees by NAICS Industry,” http://www.bea.gov/iTable/index_nipa.cfm (accessed May 31, 2016).20 U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, “Location Quotient Calculator,” http://data.bls.gov/location_quotient/ (accessed May 31, 2016).21 Unless otherwise stated, data is from the U.S. Census Bureau, http://censtats.census.gov/ (accessed May 31, 2016).

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Seafood Sales and ProcessingSeafood Product Preparation and Packaging: In 2014, there were 1,947 non-employer firms (a 70% increase from 2006) and annual receipts totaled $147 million (a 60% increase from 2006 in real terms). More of these firms were located in Florida (315), New York (181), and California (164) than any other state. There were 640 employer establishments (a 4% de-crease from 2006) in 2014. These establishments em-ployed approximately 32,180 workers (a 10% decrease from 2006) and had a total annual payroll of $1.3 billion (a 5% decrease from 2006 in real terms). More of these establishments were located in Alaska (108) and Wash-ington (90) than any other state.

Seafood Sales, Retail: In 2014, there were 2,557 non-employer firms engaged in retail seafood sales (a 22% increase from 2006) and annual receipts totaled $203 million (a 16% decrease from 2006 in real terms). More of these firms were located in Florida (346), Cali-fornia (227), and Texas (199) than in any other state.

There were 2,015 employer establishments (a 5% decrease from 2006) in 2014. These establishments employed 11,037 workers (a 5% increase from 2006) and had a total annual payroll of $272 million (a 18% increase from 2006 in real terms). More of these es-tablishments were located in New York (401), California (167), and Florida (166) than any other state.

Seafood Sales, Wholesale: There were 2,100 es-tablishments (a 5% decrease from 2006) in 2014. These establishments employed 21,155 workers (a 4% decrease from 2006) and had a total annual payroll of $911 million (a 4% decrease from 2006 in real terms). More seafood wholesalers were located in California (341), New York (270), and Florida (233) than any other state.

Transport, Support, and Marine OperationsIn the U.S. transport, support, and marine operations industry sector, marinas had the highest number of establishments (3,811; a 5% decrease from 2006) in 2014. More marinas were located in Florida (464), New York (427), and California (249) than any other state.

Ship and boat building employed the highest number of workers (138,687; a 2% decrease from 2006) and had the highest annual payroll ($7.9 billion; a 17% increase from 2006 in real terms).

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Tables | National Overview

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United States | Commercial Fisheries

2015 Economic Impacts of the United States Seafood Industry (thousands of dollars)

With Imports Without Imports

#Jobs Sales Income Value Added #Jobs Sales Income Value

AddedTotal Impacts 1,179,848 144,194,119 39,743,521 60,565,501 695,794 51,905,330 18,997,595 26,958,135

Commercial Harvesters 164,047 13,894,494 4,617,433 7,190,601 164,047 13,894,494 4,617,433 7,190,601

& Dealers 200,919 30,922,511 9,758,943 13,566,022 52,972 8,152,699 2,572,939 3,576,672

Importers 188,385 58,271,127 9,339,060 17,763,591 0 0 0 0Seafood Wholesalers

Seafood Processors

& Distributors 53,548 8,166,237 2,683,482 3,839,697 24,666 3,761,719 1,236,127 1,768,729

Retail 572,949 32,939,750 13,344,602 18,205,590 454,109 26,096,417 10,571,096 14,422,133

Total Landings Revenue & Landings Revenue of Key Species/Species Groups (millions of dollars) 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Total Revenue 4,192 4,182 4,436 3,839 4,515 5,390 5,246 5,552 5,514 5,184Finfish & Other 2,068 2,048 2,301 1,789 2,161 2,606 2,539 2,667 2,427 2,357Shellfish 2,125 2,135 2,135 2,051 2,354 2,785 2,707 2,885 3,087 2,826

Key SpeciesAmerican lobster 404 369 325 311 404 423 431 463 564 618Blue crab 126 149 161 163 205 184 188 193 213 220Menhaden 71 93 91 90 93 133 124 125 114 180Pacific halibut 202 227 217 140 207 213 152 117 115 118Pacific salmon 311 382 396 370 555 619 489 757 617 461Sablefish 108 109 119 122 133 185 148 102 111 115Sea scallop 386 386 370 376 456 585 559 467 424 439Shrimp 453 430 445 379 409 538 488 597 699 489Tunas 86 94 107 96 108 136 164 146 135 137Walleye pollock 381 344 436 254 280 402 453 447 421 509

Total Landings & Landings of Key Species/Species Groups (millions of pounds)2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Total Landings 9,543 9,306 8,347 7,889 8,027 9,888 9,419 9,735 9,500 9,728Finfish & Other 8,348 8,228 7,292 6,618 6,719 8,516 8,121 8,466 8,241 8,605Shellfish 1,195 1,078 1,056 1,270 1,308 1,372 1,298 1,269 1,258 1,123

Key SpeciesAmerican lobster 96 81 88 101 118 126 150 150 147 146Blue crab 166 157 162 176 199 202 180 135 140 161Menhaden 1,307 1,484 1,344 1,407 1,259 1,899 1,573 1,341 1,232 1,632Pacific halibut 72 70 67 60 56 43 34 30 23 24Pacific salmon 664 886 660 705 788 780 636 1,070 721 1,067Sablefish 49 48 46 45 42 43 43 39 35 35Sea scallop 60 58 53 58 58 59 57 41 34 36Shrimp 332 274 249 305 249 312 293 293 325 333Tunas 50 51 48 49 48 50 59 56 58 57Walleye pollock 3,404 3,068 2,278 1,869 1,947 2,811 2,872 3,003 3,146 3,263

Average Annual Price of Key Species/Species Groups (dollars per pound)2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

American lobster 4.21 4.55 3.71 3.09 3.44 3.35 2.87 3.08 3.83 4.23Blue crab 0.76 0.95 0.99 0.93 1.03 0.91 1.04 1.43 1.52 1.37Menhaden 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.11Pacific halibut 2.81 3.25 3.25 2.35 3.67 4.98 4.48 3.92 4.97 4.88Pacific salmon 0.47 0.43 0.60 0.52 0.70 0.79 0.77 0.71 0.86 0.43Sablefish 2.18 2.29 2.62 2.72 3.17 4.30 3.45 2.59 3.16 3.27Sea scallop 6.43 6.60 6.93 6.48 7.92 9.89 9.82 11.39 12.52 12.32Shrimp 1.36 1.57 1.79 1.24 1.64 1.72 1.67 2.04 2.15 1.47Tunas 1.73 1.85 2.23 1.96 2.25 2.74 2.75 2.62 2.31 2.40Walleye pollock 0.11 0.11 0.19 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.16 0.15 0.13 0.16

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2015 Economic Impacts of Recreational Fishing Expenditures (thousands of dollars)#Jobs Sales Income Value Added

Trip Impacts byFishing Mode

For-Hire 22,277 3,368,650 1,164,376 1,804,912Private Boat 23,006 3,933,637 1,113,361 1,965,919Shore 21,575 3,142,064 955,865 1,649,549

Total Durable Expenditures 372,384 52,995,455 19,445,424 30,661,136Total Impacts 439,242 63,439,806 22,679,026 36,081,516

2015 Angler Trip & Durable Goods Expenditures (thousands of dollars)1

Fishing Mode Trip Expenditures Equipment Durable Goods ExpendituresFor-Hire 1,296,632 Fishing Tackle 3,341,605Private Boat 1,798,645 Other Equipment 1,733,220Shore 1,365,521 Boat Expenses 14,113,746Total 4,460,798 Vehicle Expenses 3,192,964

Second Home Expenses 1,894,900Total Durable Expenditures 24,276,434

Total State Trip and Durable Goods Expenditures 28,737,232

Recreational Anglers by Residential Area (thousands of anglers)2,3

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015Coastal 11,779 12,307 10,479 9,398 9,494 9,086 9,377 9,309 9,046 7,672Non-Coastal 1,585 1,609 1,508 1,466 1,474 1,348 1,425 1,384 1,390 1,270Total Anglers 13,364 13,916 11,987 10,864 10,968 10,434 10,801 10,692 10,437 8,942

Recreational Fishing Effort by Mode (thousands of angler trips)4

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015For-Hire 3,600 4,078 3,305 3,229 2,588 3,210 3,202 3,875 4,170 4,137Private 42,518 46,054 44,652 37,977 37,701 35,265 34,619 34,032 32,523 29,115Shore 37,527 35,888 36,308 32,699 31,613 30,605 31,759 32,475 30,835 27,694Total Trips 83,645 86,020 84,265 73,905 71,902 69,081 69,580 70,382 67,529 60,946

Harvest (H) & Release (R) of Key Species/Species Groups (thousands of fish 5

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015Drum (Atlantic H 22,934 26,569 24,016 15,766 13,355 13,323 11,951 17,604 17,617 13,165croaker & spot) R 19,386 21,377 24,987 20,379 15,983 18,120 18,621 25,493 16,056 12,445Drum H 18,897 17,562 21,075 20,189 16,736 22,232 20,874 17,557 9,612 11,654(seatrouts)6 R 30,288 28,962 32,340 25,795 23,823 28,643 31,543 26,966 15,214 16,325Little tunny & H 303 292 202 233 185 283 386 345 384 428Atlantic bonito R 866 1,221 722 806 599 702 855 651 1,137 517

Pacific halibutHR

463353

585438

516359

440321

398304

394311

388324

454324

408251

420271

Pacific salmonHR

784419

1,008567

650358

922458

661286

738366

667281

988497

969303

927453

Rockfishes & H 2,687 2,456 2,080 2,340 2,436 2,989 3,381 3,912 4,138 3,996scorpionfishes R 899 694 663 662 724 954 1,239 1,395 1,352 1,143

Sharks7HR

2045,475

3125,185

1855,017

1784,208

2104,187

1873,108

1583,926

2564,545

2104,133

1333,711

Striped BassHR

2,72523,388

2,42516,186

2,32512,677

1,9618,094

1,9686,347

2,2196,120

1,4945,369

2,1958,638

1,7727,365

1,2618,543

Summer H 4,036 3,110 2,362 1,830 1,511 1,848 2,278 2,532 2,460 1,624Flounder R 17,515 17,631 20,550 22,308 22,240 19,726 14,259 13,585 16,514 10,538Tunas (Thunnus H 542 723 790 512 589 436 708 700 647 687species) R 138 103 92 63 55 71 69 45 61 66

1 All anglers reported in this table are U.S. residents.2 Participation estimates do not include Puerto Rico, Alaska, or Texas. Hawaiʻi is included for 2004-2006 only.3 Includes Louisiana resident participation estimated from historical Marine Recreational Information Program (MRIP) data and a state creel survey.4 Effort estimates do not include Puerto Rico, Alaska, or Texas. Hawaiʻi effort estimates are available only for the shore and private boat modes.5 Harvest and release estimates do not include Puerto Rico or Alaska. For Hawaiʻi, these estimates are available only for the shore and private boat modes.6 Drum (seatrouts) include spotted seatrout, silver seatrout, sand seatrout, weakfish and other species in the Cynoscion genus.7 Sharks include species within the requiem shark family, blacktip sharks, Atlantic sharpnose sharks, and unidentified sharks.

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2014 United States Economy (% of national total)1

#Establishments(millions)

#Employees(millions)

AnnualPayroll

($ trillions)

Employee Compensation

($ trillions)

Gross Domestic Product

($ trillions)

CommercialLocation

Quotient2

Totals 7.56 121.08 5.94 9.24 17.23 1

Seafood Sales & Processing - Non-Employer Firms (thousands of dollars)2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Seafood product Firms 1,142 1,303 1,308 1,395 1,617 1,757 1,766 1,812 1,947prep. & packaging Receipts 80,066 88,230 89,670 95,219 104,990 110,745 115,167 128,927 146,626Seafood sales, Firms 2,089 2,610 2,522 2,455 2,513 2,514 2,657 2,497 2,557retail Receipts 211,186 231,776 233,002 207,139 199,810 212,679 217,702 205,555 203,459

Seafood Sales & Processing - Employer Establishments (thousands of dollars)2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Seafood product prep. & packaging

Establishments 670 685 663 645 638 620 589 604 640Employees 35,894 33,169 33,323 30,894 31,789 31,261 30,988 31,390 32,180

Payroll 1,205,890 1,196,086 1,161,637 1,091,727 1,116,305 1,200,263 1,196,207 1,228,826 1,311,910

Seafood sales,wholesale

Establishments 2,222 2,438 2,063 2,099 2,183 2,287 1,954 2,098 2,100Employees 22,013 24,232 20,116 19,290 19,386 20,622 20,030 20,367 21,155

Payroll 826,720 924,654 782,178 758,332 798,794 848,454 867,179 884,645 910,527

Seafood sales,retail

Establishments 2,115 2,094 2,044 1,967 1,982 1,972 1,957 1,995 2,015Employees 10,545 10,380 9,732 9,439 9,857 10,006 10,293 10,631 11,037

Payroll 200,971 209,404 205,423 211,264 219,045 222,508 237,619 253,490 271,732

Transport, Support, & Marine Operations - Employer Establishments (thousands of dollars)3

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014Coastal & Great Establishments 579 573 513 513 547 549 496 497 598Lakes freight Employees 22,172 22,568 21,019 20,919 17,528 18,590 19,099 18,659 20,884transportation Payroll 1,376,033 1,552,467 1,694,613 1,470,159 1,288,001 1,400,267 1,467,709 1,512,053 1,835,024Deep sea Establishments 456 427 365 376 372 378 375 305 332freight Employees 11,473 11,308 10,231 11,180 10,288 10,362 12,375 8,704 8,646transportation Payroll 825,752 855,683 852,063 863,363 867,797 921,990 1,073,529 703,003 683,281Deep sea Establishments 87 92 71 78 56 55 58 62 56passenger Employees 11,387 ds ds ds ds ds ds ds dstransportation Payroll 667,949 ds ds ds ds ds ds ds ds

Establishments 4,025 4,085 3,972 3,891 3,937 3,896 3,782 3,844 3,811Marinas Employees 28,339 28,788 28,686 26,643 26,657 26,557 25,764 26,373 26,709

Payroll 894,097 945,355 954,032 905,488 927,499 953,497 913,140 951,123 995,248Establishments 540 552 532 541 507 545 343 458 482Marine cargo Employees 61,905 62,941 63,736 56,386 57,275 59,517 43,824 66,301 69,830handling Payroll 3,261,953 3,428,126 3,272,723 2,776,791 3,026,861 3,159,964 2,601,146 4,086,182 4,406,525

Navigational Establishments 802 830 868 846 847 836 850 847 881services to Employees 12,043 12,997 13,419 12,689 13,529 13,441 12,532 12,485 12,148shipping Payroll 699,375 756,552 847,938 826,384 937,980 893,889 838,959 929,419 907,763

Establishments 229 223 268 258 287 255 525 383 351Port & harbor Employees 7,002 6,573 5,608 5,100 4,844 4,933 25,396 7,000 6,769operations Payroll 323,554 318,608 282,671 250,358 290,467 306,882 1,345,857 420,664 399,502Establishments 1,764 1,771 1,782 1,615 1,540 1,497 1,560 1,514 1,524Ship & boat Employees 142,057 148,864 157,512 137,759 127,691 127,522 136,365 135,287 138,687building Payroll 5,877,830 6,405,570 7,269,306 6,674,187 6,529,523 6,845,322 7,543,402 7,556,373 7,882,846

1 Census Bureau data for the Marine Economy section of this report is available only through 2014.2 The U.S. Commercial Fishing Location Quotient (CFLQ) is 1. A CFLQ greater than 1 indicates that more commercial fishing occurs in this state than the national average. A CFLQ less than 1 indicates that less commercial fishing occurs in this state than the national average.3 ds = these data are suppressed.

fisheries economics of the united states, 2015 - …...i.e., international waters or the high seas....

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