Fishing Grounds of the Gulf 1 09

[Footnote 15. "The earliest record of this label (Saint Georges Shoal) that this writer finds appearsupon a map uncovered in the local library of Simancas, in Spain, where a graph said to are alreadymade by a surveyor sent to Virginia by James I of England, in 1610, was found in 1885 or 1888, afterhaving well before disappeared from England. This chart is believed to embody, besides the job ofChamplain and other visitors, the information contained in the English graphs of Bright white,Pringand Gosnold, and probably of Waymouth's Best Geographical Road map. It is shown to have beendrawn by Robert Tyndall or Captain Powell." Genesis of the United States. Alexander Brown.]

More aged reports say (1880-81): At present the fishery is restricted to an periodic trip off of thesouthern and western side., although "Halibut were formerly identified here in large quantity" It willprobably be noted that the fair quantity of halibut was taken here during 1923, when this bankranked thirdly in level of halibut undertaken, which seems a good exhibiting when the somewhatsmall scale of the ground is recognized as. Fairly good catches have already been made SW from theNorthwest Peak of Browns, about 66? 50' west longitude and 42? 40' to the north latitude, down the100-fathom bend and adhering to eastward towards the southward of La Have and above, perhaps to63? west longitude. The Southeast Optimum is perhaps the most productive from the halibut reasonshere, "setting" off from your shoaler parts into the thin deep-water route between this and Georgesperhaps 20 miles far-away.

And Portland comes from Georges Banking institution, by far the biggest percentage of theswordfish find landed inside the ports ofGloucester and Boston. A considerable part of the minn kotamaxxum listed from this ground underneath the heading "Miscellaneous" is made up of this species.

The Report on the Fishery Industry of the United States, in 1887, says that the very first attempt atminn kota maxxum here (of which there is any record) is made in 1821 by three Gloucester vessels.In line with the same influence, began in 1830, although not fully set up as a permanent industryright up until 1835, the cod and halibut sector.

Tides allow me to share quite as strong as in the eastern area of Georges Bank, the ebb getting anaverage energy of 1 1/3 miles an hour as well as the flood is almost stronger. The best strength fromthe flood tide sets W. the ebb in virtually an opposite direction.

cusk, halibut, Haddock, hake, pollock and cod will be the principal meals fishes procured from thisbank, ranking in volume within the order named. In worth, however, halibut takes next place in alist. Fewer vessels minn kota maxxum here than on Georges Bank, in that season, even though codare plentiful here in winter season. At other seasons the codfishery on Browns Bank comparespositively with that of other banking companies in the vicinity. Cod exist the year around, in Couldand June feeding in depths around 40 fathoms, going into 80 fathoms in August, and into depths ofabout 100 fathoms in cold weather.

There is a tiny shoal known as Pollock Rip, with a level of 7 fathoms, bearing SW from Seal Tropicalisle, distant 9? miles; but otherwise the ground slopes really gradually, the depths becoming from 15to 70 fathoms. The bottom is mainly coarse pebbles and pea gravel with the occasional rocky placesof increased or less extent. The tides sweep over this ground with considerable power out from andin toward the Bay of Fundy. the flood jogging strongest.

Nantucket Shoals (South Shoal). This name is used to the minn kota maxxum floor about Nantucket

Lightship, which marks the previous South Shoal and the New South Shoal, the two setting up acontinuous reef of unnatural form some 10 to 12 a long way in length and from 1 to 3 miles large.The upper end of this lies about 12 a long way S. by E. from Sankaty Go (the Old South Shoal), andalso the southern extremity of the New South Shoal reaches to around 20 miles S. ? E. from theidentical point. The fishing ground is placed mostly to the S. of these shoals and approximately thelightship, where otter trawling is carried on in most directions from the ship besides from N. to NE.,where lie the vessels sunk through the German submarine in the later war. This fishery is alsocarried on WNW. from the dispatch for a length of 40 miles, even into 7 fathom depths nearMuskeget Inlet.

The numbers of the capture from Clarks Bank are already shown together with those of GeorgesBank. of which, in fact, this place is a aspect.

Depths range from 2 to 50 fathoms. About the western component, between the parallels of 41? 10'and 41? 53' to the north latitude and the meridians of 87? 20' and 68? 37' west longitude are anumber of shoals, known as the East Shoal, To the north Shoal, Southwest Shoal. Cultivator, etc. TheSouthwest Shoal is the largest, being 15 miles very long SSW and NNE., with an average breadth of2? miles. The positioning of the center with this shoal is 41? 39' north latitude and 67? 48' westernlongitude. You will find from 2 to 15 fathoms water on the shoals and between them are depths offrom 12 to 30 fathoms. The tide sweeps over these with great pressure, causing solid rips, andthroughout rough weather the sea splits heavily to them, rendering procedure for their localityextremely harmful.

Haddock, also, exist all the season, the duration of greatest plethora being generally January andFebruary. In Mar and Apr they can be most abundant in 27 to 30 fathoms; at other periods they arein 50 fathoms and further, especially in winter season, when normally they can be found in 80 to 100fathoms. Cusk can be found in the deeply water all of the year.

Mackerel are usually quite abundant on Georges in their season, typically being sizeable or methodfish. Herring are found there in good number but are relatively distant from market as fresh seafood.

The sail fleet functions here also, but, generally speaking, more of these vessels are found on theterrain lying some 10 miles farther eastward, on the side of Georges in somewhat much deeperwater (30 to 50 fathoms) on a rougher and rockier underside, where there exists a greater portion ofcod in the capture than around the western location.

DuringFeb and Mar, and April big schools of cod make their appearance about the bank. At theseason they are found most abundantly around the "Wintertime Minn Kota Maxxum Ground"; a partof Georges lying eastward and southeastward of the Northern Shoal between the parallels of 41? 42and 30'? 00' north latitude and 66? 38' and 67? 30' to the west longitude. The spot of this WinterMinn Kota Maxxum Ground is all about 1,100 square a long way. This area of the bank appearsentirely presented over to the codfish, as it is too broken, sharp, and rocky to impress the haddock.Depths here are from 30 to 40 fathoms, deepening away from the To the north Shoal. This area isessentially a spawning soil for the cod, which seem to come on the hank in the SE., as they almostalmost always, after reaching the ground, relocate slowly towards the N. and W. as springtechniques. This is in the direction of the shoals. But more or less seafood are caught on differentparts of the ground at all times of year, though rarely are they found so plentiful as as soon as thewinter institution is on the ground, as soon as the spawning season is across the schools of codbreak up. Many of the winter season school move on to the inner waters of the gulf and others lookat to Browns Bank, where the early comers seem to can be found in the first times of April, eventhough cod are normally found along the Upper Edge practically the year around.

The portion of cod taken here by these vessels is incredibly small, even smaller than that from othergrounds fished through the otter-trawl approach. Pollock and hake, way too, make a little item in thefares in the neighborhood in the South Shoal. In the average otter-trawl fare haddock makes up thegreater part of the get because, generally speaking, this type of products is controlled mostly aboutthe smooth, sandy bottom which this varieties prefers. The otter-trawl fishery is at its best fromearly Might throughJuly and June, and the first stop of August. Few outings are noted from thisground at other seasons. Probably the haddock leaves the shoal grounds here earlier than if it movesout of the same depths in The Funnel.

Within fairly recent years this ground has been much utilized by the otter trawlers, which type ofcraft has developed a effective fishery right here, which is simply being operated in steadily growingvolume and takes a get that is primarily of haddock.

On the whole, the varieties of minn kota maxxum found on this page and the conditions of theirfinest abundance tend to be as on Browns Banking institution. The principal fish taken are haddock,halibut, cod and cusk and hake, and a quite small amount of pollock. Except for the haddocking, theideal fishing season is from March to October. Occasional good fares are brought from thesereasons, perhaps more commonly in the spring and early summer and a few at other periods, thoughhalibut are said to possess been very plenty in this article in the past but they are said to are alreadycomparatively exceptional in recent years. In April these are found most often in 80 fathom depths;in Could in 30 to 40 fathoms, in June the very best halibuting is had in 25-fathom depths or even inshoaler water. (The halibut capture shown for your year picked (1927) is unusually small, mostseveral years yielding a decent amount of this species with this ground. Evidently no member of theAmerican halibut fleet visited this ground for that year.)

Cusk are present on this page during the majority of the year in 80 fathoms on the challengingbottom. Pollock are handful of on this soil at any time of the year. This species, together with herringand mackerel, are abundant on the "shore soundings" of Close Island Soil, whence, pursuing theabundant food furnished from the smaller minn kota maxxum, they range a short distance in the Bayof Fundy. A lot of mackerel are taken in the traps in the vicinity of Yarmouth, Nova Scotia, whichseems to tag the restrict of their penetration in any sizeable schools in the western shore of NovaScotia.

Nantucket Shoals; Davis Bank; Crab Bank. This is an irregular piece of bottom telling lies in agenerally ENE. and WSW route at about 20 kilometers distance ESE from Sankaty Head. It really isperhaps 14 miles very long by 5 miles vast at its broadest. Depths upon it are from 4 to 9 fathoms,with soundings of 12 to 18 regarding it, over a bottom part of fine sand and damaged shells.

In its manufacturing Georges Bank itself is somewhat evenly divided up between cod and haddock,the cod demonstrating a slightly larger sized proportion. The South Funnel, on the western edge ofGeorges, shows predominantly as a haddock ground, as well as the haddock in the Channel isrecognized as a better fish than that from Georges. Georges Bank is also an essential haddock floorin the spring and early summertime, when this types abounds concerning the Cultivator Shoal (SE.by S. 88 miles from Highland Lighting. Cape Cod) in depths from 18 to 30 fathoms; as well as thesame year along the Northern Edge (140 to 200 miles E. by S. ? S. from Boston Lightship in about41? to 42? N. lat. and 66? to 88? W. long.) in 45 to 80 fathoms in summer, the fish moving off of intothe further water (90 to 100 fathoms) within the neighborhood of the Corner of the Channel sincethe winter arrives on. Most are found in March, when they profit from the deeply water, whenfishing is carried on 65 mls SE. from Highland in 70 fathoms; then they come into the 40-fathomdepths in the North Shoal westward to the Corner of The Channel down the Northern Edge. In Aprthe Cultivator Cove is good ground even into 20-fathom depths.

Phelps Financial institution. This banking institution lies 38 miles SE, ? S. from Sankaty Go Lightand agrees pretty much in shape, size and trend and character of your bottom with Minn KotaMaxxum Rip. Depths are from 10 to 17 fathoms. Around the southeast side of this is situated RogersAngling Ground, with 24 to 40 fathoms more than fine grey sand. It really is perhaps mainly ahaddock ground.

In other places depths regular from 13 to 18 fathoms on the inner parts of the reasons, whence theyslope apart gradually in the shore soundings into 50, 80, or even more on the exterior edge, wherethe ground falls away swiftly into the deeps. For the most part this region has a bottom part of sand,but you can find small stretches of coarse gravel, crackedpebbles and shells, and a few dirty spots.

In the course of July and August the halibut are found along the Northern Side, over a stretch ofground about 65 miles extended in 60 to 100 fathoms; and from this time until the tough weather ofyour winter begins the minn kota maxxum continues on about the Northeast Peak (about 42? 00' N.and 66? 00' W.) on the narrow location on the side of the suddenly deepening h2o, beginning in from60 to 70 fathoms, then in the market to 200 and in many cases 300 fathoms. The winter sport fishingon Georges is incredibly difficult and somewhat hazardous, so that the halibut fishery over thesewaters is rarely carried on or, at best, by very few vessels after October or just before March.

Haddock are also existing all the year, the educational institutions being most abundant and also thenumber very best in January and Feb, as soon as the minn kota maxxum are in about 50 to 60fathoms. Apparently they are available into depths of from 27 to 30 fathoms in Mar and April forspawning.

[Footnote 14: Capt. John Smith composed of this place: "Towards the Southwest and South of thisCape (Cape Cod) can be found a dangerous and long shoal of sands and stones. But so far while iincircled it, I found thirtie fadom normal water aboard the shore, as well as a strong current; whichmakes mee thinke you will find a Channell regarding the shoales; where is the greatest and greatestfish to be had, Summer and Winter in every that Countree. But the Savages say there is no Channell;but that the shoales begin from your main at Pawmet, towards the Ile of Nausit; and so extendsabove their expertise into the seas." The captain's history of far-visioned information may not bekept too gently, let these figures communicate, taken because they are from the bureau's records ofthe landings in the three plug-ins of Boston, Gloucester. and Portland for the year 1927, when thefares from his "Channell" numbered 2,036, with a poundage of 121,688,693 and a price of$3,607,358.]

Rose and Crown Shoal. This is a tiny piece of soil 7 miles ESE. from Sankaty Head. The minn kotamaxxum location lies in between the Round Shoal and Crown and Rose buoys, making a stretch outperhaps 6 miles lengthy by 1? miles wide. Sometimes very good minn kota maxxum may be got from6 to 12 mile, from Great Round Shoal buoy. As elsewhere on and about these shoals, the cod is themain species found, pollock simply being next in importance, as well as some haddock.

Although it is not considered a halibut terrain, as compared with a few of the other overseas banks,Georges can show an incredibly considerable get of this kinds. Most of which take a better orsignificantly less amount of halibut, because of its nearness to the markets it is far more intenselyfished than some other ground of equal location and by a far better variety of crafts. The otter-trawlfleet, equally here and in The Route, takes a great deal of this varieties when its total find isconsidered; and these fish are mainly tiny, of from 4 to 10 pounds in weight, with only hardly ever alarger one. The sodium fishers, also, and the remainder of the market fleet combine to produce animposing total of your poundage of halibut from Georges as well as its vicinity. The Georges halibutis esteemed by the trade above the halibut from other reasons. For what reason it is difficult to say,

unless since, since the journeys to this terrain average fewer days in length, the seafood arereceived from the markets in the fresher problem than are those from far more distant bankingcompanies, though possibly its flesh may be outstanding.

The Sankaty Head terrain is about 20 miles long by about 8 a long way wide, stretches from 55 milesSE. from Highland Light to 78 a long way SE. by S ? S. from the identical point (the base of theChannel), and is bounded on all sides by bits of bottom much less favorable for the operation in theotter trawl because of the appearance ofstones and sponges, or another obstacles, which interferewith the free passing of the world wide web over the base but offer you less trouble to the line-trawlfishermen. A good spring haddock ground lies ESE. 65 miles from the Highlands in 70 fathoms. bestin March and April. As being the cold weather advancements the seafood transfer away in greataspect from these reasons, going into the deeper normal water, the catches of the winter and fallseveral weeks being undertaken mainly In depths of from 60 to 100 fathoms. At this particularseason and also in these depths the location of the Corner of the Route, Clarks Side. and the area Nand W of the Cultivator usually have a great winter school of haddock. This has been particularlylarge during the past three year. (1923 to 1925). Thus, it might be seen how the Channel is really aground during most of the 12 months.

[Table 4--Fishing grounds of the Georges Area, exhibiting the principal varieties taken upon them.]

The principal halibut grounds on Georges for that spring and summer months (April to July) liebetween the Cultivator Shoal and the North Shoal in depths from 10 to 18 fathoms, and E., S., andSW. through the North Shoal in the same soundings. This area is sometimes named Little Georges.There are also a number of mussel reasons on the south west part of Georges, having depthsaveraging 20 fathoms, all of which furnish excellent feeding reasons and a large catch of halibutinside the seasons when these species of fish have been in the shoal water.

It will be mentioned that the quantity of otter-trawl fares from this ground is small. It is only inrecent years this method of minn kota maxxum has become employed here, the bottom possessingbeen regarded as too rough for the successful operation of gear of this type on it.

Nantucket Shoals Fishing Rip is an elongate bank telling lies 29 mls SE. from Sankaty Head Light. Itis actually 10 mls long in the NE and SW Southeast and path Rip (Nantucket Shoals) is situated SE.from Sankaty Brain 35 miles. It has depths from 8 to 10 fathoms around an area about 10 mls longby 2 miles wide, with from 22 to 30 fathoms over the sandy bottom part around it.

The early fishing for your swordfish normally takes place in this vicinity, and then in normalconditions mackerel are normally found here in abundance from Could 15 to August, and, as is thecustom with this uncertain minn kota maxxum, it may appear in this article again within the late fall.

The portion of the whole bank is approximately 8,050 sq miles, which all, except for the shoals, canbe found in summer for your taking of halibut, haddock, cusk and cod and hake, with a great deal ofmackereling and swordfishing, along with the taking of other types.

The Southwest Portion. (120 kilometers SSE. from Highland Lighting, Cape Cod, with 45 to 80fathom depths) is a good terrain for haddock from the beginning from the fall up to about Xmas,after which the ideal winter sport fishing just for this species is found on the Southeast Part (arrivedat by steaming 145 miles ESE. from Boston Lightship in order to remove the shoals, then SSE. 40 to50 mls, depending upon what part of the soil it is preferred to minn kota maxxum). Jan is perhapsthe best fishing month with this part of Georges.

Close Island Floor. This is called also on the charts in its north west part, the German Bankinginstitution and is off the traditional western part of Nova Scotia. Hardly any charts display it, as it issomewhat challenging to define its exact limitations. It is a immediate continuation in the shoresoundings, which slope gradually through the land towards the S. and W. and continue inside anortherly direction beyond what might be regarded as the bounds of the reasons. To the S. itextends nearly to Browns Bank, from which it really is separated by a narrow gully 70 to 80 fathomsdeep. On the N. it reaches 38 miles above Seal Island and to the NW. about 35 a long way from thesame island. The southern restriction of the terrain is in 43? and the north 43? 45' north latitude,while the american boundary can be placed at 66? 40' west longitude. The entire ground outside the3 mile restrict covers an area of 1,250 a long way.

Nantucket Shoal--Excellent Rip. Is 13 mls E. by S. ? S. from Sankaty Head Light-weight. Nantucket.It is 5 mls long from N, to S. and 3 miles extensive. The minn kota maxxum is performed mainlyround the edges in 6 to 12 fathoms where the underside is pea gravel and shells covered with kelpand sponges, though over this region the depths are from 9 to 18 feet. Here, as on all these shoals,the greater section of the fishing is done by that technique known as "rip angling." Cod are takenchiefly by hand-lining in May. , and August.June and July

Browns Financial institution. This bank lies in a northeastern course from Georges and is split upfrom it with a gully 15 miles wide, in which the depths range from 100 to 450 fathoms. Its area isabout 2,275 square a long way. The greatest span, from SE to NW, is 63 miles along with thegreatest width is 43 miles. It can be situated in between 64? 52" and 68? 29" western side longitude,and 41? 50" and 43? 02" northern latitude. There is a small difficult shoal about the northern aspect,on which, it is said, there is not 9 to 15 fathoms. At a distance of 12 or 15 mls off, it again soars to 30to 50 fathoms, whilst the bank slopes away from the shoal, S. and E. to depths of 55 to 75 fathoms.This area of shoal h2o, within the 50 fathom restriction, is 50 miles lengthy and has an averagewidth of 15 kilometers. North from the shoal water deepens abruptly to 70 and 80 fathoms. Thebottom is essentially coarse gravel, pebbles and sand and rocks and is rich in wildlife life. The areaof the lender is approximately 1,370 rectangular geographical a long way.

The Station. [14] The Channel markings the american edge of Georges Bank. The existing Eldridgechart states that for the anglers the 30 fathom process running southerly from Race Point, althoughits boundaries are relatively indefinite. Cape Cod, limits its american edge. This ground is a lotvisited with the Boston fleet, both travel and vapor, line trawlers and otter trawlers, the fleet ofGloucester, and the otter-trawl fleet containing developed in New York in recent years. Probably themost important is part lying 25 a long way E, even though this area is perhaps all good fishing soil inthe appropriate season. ? S. from Sankaty Head, Nantucket. Here is a levels, sandy underside,where, in the course of May,July and June, and August, the otter trawlers operate effectively in 18 to30 fathoms water, making a find that is made up principally of haddock, with a considerable amountof cod, especially in June and July, with a fair amount also ofcusk and pollock, and hake. Smallhalibut are reasonably abundanthere and also, these minn kota maxxum being of from 5 to R lbs,rarely larger. Flounders are abundant, with a good number of "lemon soles" and "grey soles," whichare very well liked with the trade.

The depths listed below are from 70 to 100 fathoms spanning a broken bottom part ofgravel andmud, and then in places great sand. The floor falls off of rapidly on all sides besides toward CloseIsland and the Nova Scotia coast, leaving an area at its end of fairly indeterminate span, perhaps 18or 20, miles, and having a distance across of approximately 8 miles at its widest aspect.

Cod are present right here the year around, perhaps the very best minn kota maxxum taking place inMay and June, when the fish are found within 40 fathoms They go into deeper h2o, about 60

fathoms, in August and into 100 fathoms because the cold weather developments. This Seal offIsland soil may be considered essentially being a feeding soil for the cod, which manage to appear inthis article after the spawning season is more than, to fatten upon the crabs and mollusks living onthe bottom and on the herring and other tiny minn kota maxxum that swim forth and rear In the tiderips.

A considerable part of the fish listed within the heading "Miscellaneous" are swordfish, which comeupon this bank in their summer wanderings.

Nantucket Shoals, Madisons Area. SSE. 13 miles front Round Shoal buoy, has 9 fathoms over a easyhard bottom of yellow sand. It is about 3 miles long, from SE. to NW. by 1? a long way wide. This is aflounder soil for the increased part of the year and a great cod soil in November and October. Asthey are the tip elsewhere in this neighborhood, tides are weighty over this ground.

Over the majority of the bank the bottom is fine sand, although sections of tough ground (gravel,pebbles, and rocks) of greater or less magnitude are found in certain localities. Its position involvingthe Bay of Fundy and also the Gulf Flow cause the tide to run swifter than on other bankinginstitutions and to swirl around rather than passing immediately over, backwards and forwards. Thewriter has seen two men have issues in holding an empty dory against the existing.

The larger portion of the sail fleet is found minn kota maxxum about the grounds in the eastern areaof the Station and of the western fringe of Georges Banking institution, in part to escape the damagethat the otter trawlers cause for them in dragging away their gear. It is often impossible of thesesteamers to avoid some harm to this kind: specially is this the situation in the thick weather soprevalent gas Georges. In the summer months of the "mackerel years" a large capture of this types isextracted from the waters of the Route.

OFFSHORE Banking institutions

St. Georges Bank, a lot more generally known as Georges Banking institution. [15] This is by far thelargest and most significant fishing ground near the coast of the us and is second to none in thetraditional western Atlantic besides the Fantastic Bank of Newfoundland. It lies eastward of CapeNantucket and Cod Shoals and it is apparently an extension of your latter, ever since the water is nodeeper in between the southern section of the shoals along with the western portion of the bankthan in many places with it. Its southern restrict, as demonstrated on the graph or chart, is 40? 40'to the north latitude, though the 50-fathom collection extends 7 miles a greater distance south. Thesouthern limit, therefore, may be considered to be about 40? 30' and the northern as 42? 08' to thenorth latitude. The eastern part is in about 66? as well as the western in about 69? western sidelongitude. According to the charts of the Shoreline Survey, the very best length in the northeasternto the southwestern extremity is about 150 miles; the best width, N. and S., about 98 miles.

Exactly what is apparently a gradually deepening extension of Seal Tropical island Ground is foundabout 65 miles SSE. from Install Desert Rock and 60 miles W. from Seal off Island. There appears tobe no distinguishing reputation for this area.

The swordfish show up on Georges on the Southwest Part as well as on the The southern area ofEdge about June 5, and the traveling schools move over the bank, northward bound, up to August10. Actually, all through the time of year when they are found in northern seas, even aroundNovember, they may be found on Georges. Probably the best area of the bank for this species isabout the parallel of 41? N., where the shoal rises steeply out of "blue h2o."