Fishing Grounds of the Gulf 1 09

St. Georges Bank, more generally known as Georges Financial institution. [15] This is by far themost important and most important minn kota maxxum ground nearby the coast of the us and issecond to none in the western Atlantic besides the Fantastic Bank of Newfoundland. It lies eastwardof Cape Nantucket and Cod Shoals which is apparently an extension from the latter, ever since thewater is no deeper between your southern section of the shoals as well as the western portion of thebank in comparison to many places with it. Its southern limit, as proven on the graph or chart, is 40?40' to the north latitude, although the 50-fathom range extends 7 miles a greater distance south. Thesouthern limit, therefore, can be considered to be about 40? 30' and the upper as 42? 08' northernlatitude. The eastern part is in about 66? along with the western in about 69? to the west longitude.The highest length in the northeastern to the southwestern extremity is about 150 miles; the highestwidth, N. and S., about 98 miles, according to the charts of your Coast Questionnaire.

Cod are present on this page the year close to, perhaps the greatest fishing taking place in May andJune, when the fish are found within 40 fathoms They enter into deeper h2o, about 60 fathoms, inAugust and into 100 fathoms as the cold weather improvements. This Seal off Island terrain may beregarded as essentially as being a feeding floor for the cod, which appear to appear here after thespawning season is more than, to fatten upon the crabs and mollusks residing on the bottom as wellas on the herring and other small minn kota maxxum that go swimming forth and rear In the tiderips.

OFFSHORE Banking institutions

Nantucket Shoals, Madisons Spot. SSE. 13 miles entrance Round Shoal buoy, has 9 fathoms over aclean hard bottom part of yellow sand. It is about 3 mls long, from SE. to NW. by 1? miles wide. It isa flounder terrain for the increased part of the year and a great cod terrain in November andOctober. Tides are hefty over this ground, as is also the tip elsewhere in this particularneighborhood.

Phelps Banking institution. This lender lies 38 miles SE, ? S. from Sankaty Go Light and agreesbasically in pattern, size and shape and character of the bottom with Fishing Rip. Depths are from10 to 17 fathoms. About the southeast side of this is situated Rogers Sportfishing Ground, with 24 to40 fathoms more than fine gray sand. It really is perhaps mostly a haddock ground.

Nantucket Shoals Sportfishing Rip is an elongate bank lying down 29 miles SE. from Sankaty MindLight. It is actually 10 mls long within a SW and NE direction and Southeast Rip (Nantucket Shoals)is situated SE. from Sankaty Go 35 kilometers. It has depths from 8 to 10 fathoms above an areaabout 10 miles long by 2 mls wide, with from 22 to 30 fathoms on the sandy bottom part around it.

Depths range from 2 to 50 fathoms. Around the western portion, between the parallels of 41? 41 and10'? 53' north latitude as well as the meridians of 87? 20' and 68? 37' west longitude are a numberof shoals, known as the East Shoal, Northern Shoal, Southwest Shoal. Cultivator, etc. The SouthwestShoal is the biggest, being 15 miles extended SSW and NNE., by having an average thickness of 2?miles. The positioning of the center with this shoal is 41? 39' north latitude and 67? 48' to the westlongitude. You can find from 2 to 15 fathoms of water on the shoals and between the two are depthsof from 12 to 30 fathoms. The tide sweeps above these with great force, causing robust rips, andthroughout rough climate the sea smashes heavily on them, rendering approach to their areaextremely harmful.

The Channel. [14] The Channel spots the western edge of Georges Bank. The existing Eldridge graphstates that for the fishermen the 30 fathom bend running southerly from Race Point, though itsrestrictions are somewhat indefinite. Cape Cod, limitations its european edge. This ground issignificantly visited from the Boston fleet, both cruise and steam, line trawlers and otter trawlers,the fleet of Gloucester, and the otter-trawl fleet which includes developed in Ny in recent years. Thisregion is all very good fishing ground inside the proper time of year, but probably the mostimportant is the fact part lying down 25 miles E. ? S. from Sankaty Head, Nantucket. Here is a level,sandy base, where, while in May,July and June, and August, the otter trawlers operate effectively in18 to 30 fathoms water, making a find that is comprised principally of haddock, by using aconsiderable amount of cod, especially in June and July, along with a fair quantity also ofcusk andpollock, and hake. Small halibut are fairly abundantalso and right here, these sea food being of from5 to R weight, rarely greater. Flounders are abundant, with a good number of "lemon bottoms" and"gray soles," which are quite popular with the buy and sell.

What exactly is apparently a gradually deepening extension of Seal Isle Ground is located about 65miles SSE. from Attach Desert Rock and roll and 60 miles W. from Seal off Island. There appears tobe no distinguishing good name for this area.

The Report on the Fishery Industry of the us, in 1887, says that the first attempt at fishing here (inwhich there is any record) was created in 1821 by a few Gloucester vessels. In line with the sameexpert, began in 1830, although not fully founded as a long-lasting industry right up until 1835, thecod and halibut business.

The principal halibut grounds on Georges to the summer and spring season months (April to July) liebetween your Cultivator Shoal and the North Shoal in depths from 10 to 18 fathoms, and E., S., andSW. from the North Shoal in the same soundings. This region is sometimes referred to as LittleGeorges. There are also several mussel grounds on the south west part of Georges, having depthsaveraging 20 fathoms, which all furnish excellent feeding reasons and a significant catch of halibutin the seasons when these minn kota maxxum will be in the shoal water.

It will be mentioned that the quantity of otter-trawl fares from this terrain is little. It is only in recentyears that this method of sportfishing is employed in this article, the bottom experiencing beenregarded as too tough for the successful operation of gear with this type after it.

Haddock, also, exist all the year, the time of greatest plethora being typically January and February.In March and April they are most plentiful in 27 to 30 fathoms; at other periods they are in 50fathoms and greater, especially in winter season, when typically they can be obtained from 80 to 100fathoms. Cusk exist in the serious water all of the year.

While in August and July the halibut are found along the Northern Side, over a extend of soil about65 miles extended in 60 to 100 fathoms; and from this time until the tough weather from the winterstarts the sport fishing goes on about the Northeast Peak (about 42? 00' N. and 66? 00' W.) on thenarrow place on the side of the all of a sudden deepening water, beginning in from 60 to 70 fathoms,then over to 200 and even 300 fathoms. The winter minn kota maxxum on Georges is quite difficultand somewhat dangerous, so that the halibut fishery during these waters is rarely maintained or, atbest, by very few vessels after October or just before March.

The larger section of the sail fleet is found sport fishing in the grounds of the eastern part of theStation and of the western edge of Georges Banking institution, in part to emerge from the damagethat the otter trawlers cause in their mind in dragging away their gear. It is often impossible forsuch steamers to avoid some damage of this kind: specially is this the case in the heavy weather so

prevalent oils Georges. During the summer months of your "mackerel years" a large get of this kindsis taken from the waters of the Station.

A considerable area of the fish listed under the heading "Miscellaneous" are swordfish, which comeupon this bank in their summer wanderings.

The Sankaty Head ground is about 20 miles lengthy by about 8 kilometers wide, extending from 55miles SE. from Highland Light to 78 mls SE. by S ? S. from the very same point (the bottom of theStation), and is bounded on all sides by items of bottom much less favorable for the operation in theotter trawl because of the presence ofrocks and sponges, or other obstacles, which interfere with thefree passageway of the net over the bottom but offer less issues to the range-trawl fishermen. Anexcellent spring haddock ground is situated ESE. 65 miles in the Highlands in 70 fathoms. best inApril and March. Entering the further water, the catches from the winter months and tumble monthsgetting taken generally In depths of from 60 to 100 fathoms, as the winter weather advances the fishmove apart in excellent part readily available grounds. At this season as well as in these depths thelocality of a corner of the Route, Clarks Part. and the area W and N of the Cultivator usually have agreat winter institution of haddock. This has been particularly big during the past about three year.(1923 to 1925). Thus, it may be seen how the Channel is a crucial ground in the course of most ofthe year.

Within somewhat recent years this ground is much employed by the otter trawlers, which kind ofcraft has created a productive fishery right here, which is becoming operated in steadily increasingvolume and takes a find that is predominantly of haddock.

The portion of cod taken here by these vessels is very small, even smaller than that from othergrounds fished through the otter-trawl strategy. Pollock and hake, also, make a little item in thefares from the neighborhood of the South Shoal. In the common otter-trawl fare haddock helps makeup the better part of the get because, typically, this type of items is run mostly in the smooth, softsand bottom which this species prefers. The otter-trawl fishery this is at its best from early CouldthroughJuly and June, as well as the first stop of August. Few trips are claimed from this terrain atother seasons. Perhaps the haddock leaves the shoal grounds on this page earlier than whenever itmoves out from the same depths in The Funnel.

The cruise fleet runs here also, but, as a rule, more of these vessels are found on the soil lying some10 a long way farther eastward, on the fringe of Georges in minn kota maxxum 55 somewhat furtherwater (30 to 50 fathoms) on the rougher and rockier underside, where there is a greater percentageof cod in the find than on the western place.

Nantucket Shoals; Davis Bank; Crab Bank. It is really an irregular piece of bottom telling lies in atypically ENE. and WSW path at about 20 a long way distance ESE from Sankaty Head. It is perhaps14 miles very long by 5 miles broad at its broadest. Depths upon it are from 4 to 9 fathoms, withsoundings of 12 to 18 about this, over a bottom part of fine sand and cracked shells.

[Table 4--Fishing grounds of the Georges Area, displaying the principal varieties taken on them.]

Close Island Terrain. This is called also on the charts in its northwest part, the German Financialinstitution and lies off the european part of Nova Scotia. Only a few charts show it, because it issomewhat challenging to define its exact boundaries. It is a straight continuation of your shoresoundings, which slope gradually in the land on the S. and W. and continue inside a northerly pathbeyond what might be regarded the range of the reasons. To the S. it expands nearly to BrownsBank, from which it really is separated by a narrow gully 70 to 80 fathoms deep. On the N. it reaches

38 miles beyond Seal Tropical island and to the NW. about 35 a long way from the very same island.The southern reduce of the terrain is in 43? and the north 43? 45' north latitude, while the europeanboundary may be placed at 66? 40' west longitude. The entire terrain outside the 3 mile limit coversa region of 1,250 mls.

The swordfish show up on Georges on the South west Part and on the Southern Edge about June 5,and the traveling schools successfully pass over the financial institution, northward bound, up toAugust 10. Actually, all through the season when they are present in northern oceans, even as muchas November, they might be found on Georges. Probably the best area of the banking institution forthis kinds is about the parallel of 41? N., where the shoal rises steeply out of "blue normal water."

In its production Georges Banking institution itself is somewhat evenly divided up between haddockand cod, the cod showing a slightly larger proportion. The South Route, on the european edge ofGeorges, shows predominantly as a haddock ground, and also the haddock from your Channel isrecognized as a better minn kota maxxum than that from Georges. Georges Bank is also a significanthaddock terrain in the spring and early summer time, when this kinds abounds regarding theCultivator Shoal (SE. by S. 88 miles from Highland Lighting. Cape Cod) in depths from 18 to 30fathoms; and at the same year along the Upper Edge (140 to 200 miles E. by S. ? S. from BostonLightship in about 41? to 42? N. lat. and 66? to 88? W. very long.) in 45 to 80 fathoms in summer,the fish moving away into the greater water (90 to 100 fathoms) from the neighborhood of theCorner of the Channel since the winter comes on. Most are found in March, when they give backfrom the deeply water, when minn kota maxxum is maintained 65 a long way SE. from Highland in70 fathoms; then they enter into the 40-fathom depths from the North Shoal westward to the Cornerof The Channel across the Northern Side. In Apr the Cultivator Cove is nice ground even into 20-fathom depths.

In general, the types of fish found on this page and the periods of their greatest abundance are faras on Browns Banking institution. The principal fishes taken are cod, halibut, haddock and cusk andhake, and a extremely small amount of pollock. Except for the haddocking, the ideal minn kotamaxxum season is from March to October. Halibut are said to obtain been really plenty here in thepast however are said to are already comparatively uncommon in recent years, even thoughoccasional very good fares are brought from the grounds, possibly more commonly early in the yearand early summer and some at other seasons. In April they are found most frequently in 80 fathomdepths; in Could in 30 to 40 fathoms, in June the ideal halibuting is had in 25-fathom depths or evenin shoaler water. (The halibut get shown to the year selected (1927) is unusually modest, most yrsyielding a fair amount of this species from this ground. Obviously no member of the Us halibut fleetvisited this ground for that year.)

Tides listed here are quite as solid as around the eastern side of Georges Bank, the ebb having anaverage power of 1 1/3 a long way an hour along with the flood is somewhat stronger. The beststrength of the flood tide sets W. the ebb in nearly an opposing direction.

The area of the whole financial institution is approximately 8,050 square miles, all of which, exceptfor the shoals, is available in summer for the taking of cod, cusk, haddock and halibut and hake, witha large amount of mackereling and swordfishing, as well as the taking of other kinds.

Haddock are also provide all the 12 months, the schools being most abundant as well as the numbergreatest in January and Feb, when the fish are in about 50 to 60 fathoms. Apparently they come intodepths of from 27 to 30 fathoms in March and Apr for spawning.

Nantucket Shoals (South Shoal). This name is applied to the fishing floor about Nantucket Lightship,

which marks the previous South Shoal and the New South Shoal, the two creating a continuous reefof unnatural form some 10 to 12 miles in length and from 1 to 3 miles broad. The upper end of thislies about 12 kilometers S. by E. from Sankaty Go (the Old South Shoal), and also the southernextremity of the New South Shoal reaches to about 20 mls S. ? E. from the exact same point. Theminn kota maxxum ground is placed mostly towards the S. of those shoals and about the lightship,where otter trawling is carried on in all of the directions through the ship except from N. to NE.,where lay the vessels sunk with the German submarine in the past due war. This fishery is likewisecarried on WNW. from the ship for a length of 40 miles, even into 7 fathom depths near MuskegetInlet.

And Portland comes from Georges Bank, by far the greatest percentage of the swordfish catchlanded inside the ports ofBoston and Gloucester. A considerable area of the minn kota maxxumlisted out of this ground beneath the heading "Miscellaneous" is made up of this species.

The Southwest Component. As a way to clear the shoals, then SSE, (120 miles SSE. from HighlandLighting, Cape Cod, with 45 to 80 fathom depths) is a good terrain for haddock from the beginningin the fall around about Christmas time, after which the very best winter sportfishing with thisspecies is found on the Southeast Part (reached by steaming 145 kilometers ESE. from BostonLightship. 40 to 50 a long way, depending upon what part of the ground it is preferred to minn kotamaxxum). Jan is perhaps the most effective minn kota maxxum month after this percentage ofGeorges.

The early sportfishing to the swordfish typically takes place in this particular vicinity, and also innormal seasons mackerel can be found here in large quantity from Might 15 to August, and, as is thecustom with this uncertain seafood, it might appear here again from the late tumble.

DuringMarch and February, and April sizeable schools of cod make their appearance on the bank.Around this season they are found most abundantly about the "Wintertime Fishing Ground"; a part ofGeorges lying eastward and southeastward of the Northern Shoal between your parallels of 41? 42and 30'? 00' north latitude and 66? 38' and 67? 30' to the west longitude. The spot of this WinterMinn Kota Maxxum Ground is approximately 1,100 square kilometers. This part of the bank looksentirely presented over to the codfish, since it is too shattered, sharp, and rocky to please thehaddock. Depths listed here are from 30 to 40 fathoms, deepening away from the North Shoal. Thisplace is essentially a spawning soil for the cod, which seem to come on the hank through the SE., asthey almost almost always, after getting to the ground, shift slowly to the N. and W. as springstrategies. This is in the direction of the shoals. As soon as the spawning season is across the schoolsof cod break-up, but basically minn kota maxxum are found on different parts of the groundconstantly of the year, however rarely could they be found so plentiful as when the winter school ison the ground. Cod can be found along the Northern Edge essentially the year about, though lots ofthe winter school move on to the interior waters from the gulf as well as others go over to BrownsBanking institution, where the earlier comers appear to appear in the initial days of April.

[Footnote 15. "The earliest report of this label (Saint Georges Shoal) how the writer found appearswith a map found in the collection of Simancas, in Spain, where a graph or chart said to are alreadymade by a surveyor sent to Virginia by David I of England, in 1610, was found in 1885 or 1888, afterhaving long before disappeared from England. This chart is believed to embody, besides the operateof Champlain and other foreign people, the information included in the English maps ofWhite,Gosnold and Pring, and probably of Waymouth's Excellent Geographical Guide. It isconsidered to have been drawn by Robert Tyndall or Captain Powell." Genesis of the United States.Alexander Brown.]

Over most of the bank the base is yellow sand, although spots of difficult ground (gravel, pebbles,and rocks) of greater or less degree are found in many localities. Its position involving the Bay ofFundy along with the Gulf Source cause the tide to run swifter than on other financial institutionsand to swirl around as opposed to passing straight forth, back and also over. The writer has seentwo men have problems in holding an empty dory against the existing.

hake, Haddock, cod, pollock, halibut and cusk will be the principal food fishes procured from thislender, ranking in volume within the order called. In value, however, halibut takes thirdly place inthe list. Cod are plentiful here in wintertime, though a lot fewer vessels minn kota maxxum in thisarticle than on Georges Bank, at that year. At other seasons the codfishery on Browns Lendercompares favorably with that of other banking institutions in the vicinity. Cod exist the year about,in May and June feeding in depths of approximately 40 fathoms, going into 80 fathoms in August,and into depths of about 100 fathoms in cold weather.

Cusk are present here during the majority of the year in 80 fathoms on the tough bottom. Pollock arefew on this terrain at any time of the year. This species, together with herring and mackerel, areabundant around the "shore soundings" of Seal off Island Soil, whence, after the abundant foodfurnished with the smaller minn kota maxxum, they range a quick distance into the Bay of Fundy.Many mackerel are taken in the traps in the vicinity of Yarmouth, Nova Scotia, which seems to tagthe restrict of their penetration in any substantial schools around the western shore of Nova Scotia.

There is a small shoal known as Pollock Rip, with a depth of 7 fathoms, showing SW from SealTropical island, distant 9? miles; but otherwise the ground slopes really gradually, the depths beingfrom 15 to 70 fathoms. The bottom is mainly coarse pebbles and gravel with periodic rocky places ofbetter or much less extent. The tides sweep over this ground with considerable force out from and intoward the Bay of Fundy. the flood running strongest.

Whilst not considered a halibut terrain, as compared with a number of the other overseas banks,Georges can show an incredibly considerable find of this kinds. Because of its nearness to themarket segments it is far more intensely fished than any other ground of equal location and by a farbetter variety of products, most of which take a greater or a lot less amount of halibut. The otter-trawl fleet, both here and then in The Route, takes a great deal of this varieties when its totalcapture is considered; which minn kota maxxum are mainly small, of from 4 to 10 pounds in weight,with only almost never a larger 1. The sea salt fishers, also, and all of those other market fleetcombine to help make an imposing total in the poundage of halibut from Georges as well as itsvicinity. The Georges halibut is prestigious by the industry above the halibut from other grounds.For what explanation it is difficult to express, unless due to the fact, since the trips to this soilaverage less days in length, the seafood are received from the markets in the fresher issue than arethose from far more distant financial institutions, though possibly its flesh may be excellent.

Nantucket Shoal--Fantastic Rip. Is placed 13 kilometers E. by S. ? S. from Sankaty Head Light.Nantucket. It is 5 mls long from N, to S. and three miles broad. The sport fishing is carried outmainly across the edges in 6 to 12 fathoms where the base is gravel and shells covered with kelp andsponges, although over this place the depths are from 9 to 18 feet. In this article, as on all theseshoals, the greater portion of the fishing is done by that technique known as "rip angling." Cod aretaken chiefly by hand-lining in May. , and August.July and June

Mackerel are usually very abundant on Georges inside their season, normally being large or mediumfish. Herring also are found there in great deal but are considerably distant from market as freshminn kota maxxum.

Crown and Rose Shoal. This is a small piece of terrain 7 kilometers ESE. from Sankaty Go. The minnkota maxxum region lies between the Round Shoal and Crown and Rose buoys, making a extendperhaps 6 miles long by 1? miles vast. Sometimes excellent minn kota maxxum may be possessedfrom 6 to 12 mile, from Great Round Shoal buoy. The cod is the principal varieties caught, pollockbeing after that in importance, and a few haddock, as in other places on and approximately theseshoals.

The depths listed below are from 70 to 100 fathoms spanning a broken bottom part ofdirt and peagravel, and then in places okay sand. The soil falls away rapidly on all sides apart from toward Closeoff Island along with the Nova Scotia coast, departing an area at its end of somewhat indeterminatesize, perhaps 18 or 20, miles, and getting a length across around 8 mls at its widest part.

Older reports say (1880-81): "Halibut were formerly found here in great quantity, but currently thefishery is limited to an occasional vacation off the the southern area of and western edge." It willprobably be noted that the fair quantity of halibut was taken on this page during 1923, when thisbanking institution ranked thirdly in level of halibut undertaken, which seems a good demonstratingwhen the relatively small scale of the ground is recognized as. Fairly excellent catches are alreadymade SW from the North west Peak of Browns, about 66? 50' west longitude and 42? 40' to thenorth latitude, over the 100-fathom curve and pursuing eastward towards the southward of La Haveand above, perhaps to 63? west longitude. The Southeast Maximum is perhaps by far the mostproductive from the halibut grounds here, "setting" off through the shoaler components into thenarrow deep-water route between this and Georges perhaps 20 miles distant.

Browns Financial institution. This lender lies in a northeastern route from Georges and is split upfrom it from a gully 15 miles vast, in which the depths range from 100 to 450 fathoms. Its area isapproximately 2,275 square mls. The greatest span, from SE to NW, is 63 miles and the greatest sizeis 43 miles. It really is situated in between 64? 52" and 68? 29" west longitude, and 41? 50" and 43?02" north latitude. There is a small difficult shoal around the northern component, on which, it issaid, there is not 9 to 15 fathoms. The bank slopes away from the shoal, S. and E. to depths of 55 to75 fathoms, but far away of 12 or 15 miles away from, it yet again rises to 30 to 50 fathoms. Thisarea of shoal h2o, within the 50 fathom reduce, is 50 miles extended and has a standard width of 15a long way. North from the shoal this type of water deepens abruptly to 70 and 80 fathoms. Thebottom is largely coarse pea gravel, pebbles and sand and rocks and it is rich in wildlife life. Thearea of the lender is approximately 1,370 sq . geographical kilometers.

[Footnote 14: Capt. John Smith authored of this place: "In the direction of the South and Southwestwith this Cape (Cape Cod) is available a lengthy and hazardous shoal of rocks and sands. But so faras I incircled it, I found thirtie fadom water aboard the shore, and a strong current; which makesmee thinke you will find a Channell regarding the shoales; in which is the greatest and greatestminn kota maxxum to be Summer, Winter season and had in all that Countree. But the Savages saythere is absolutely no Channell; but that the shoales begin in the main at Pawmet, for the Ile ofNausit; and so extends above their knowledge into the water." That the captain's reputation for far-visioned intelligence may not be held too lightly, let these figures articulate, taken as they are fromthe bureau's records of your landings in the three ports of Boston, Gloucester. and Portland to theyear 1927, when the fares from his "Channell" numbered 2,036, with a poundage of 121,688,693 anda importance of $3,607,358.]

Someplace else depths average from 13 to 18 fathoms on the inner areas of the reasons, whencethey slope apart gradually through the shore soundings into 50, 80, or even more on the outsideedge, the location where the ground drops away swiftly into the deeps. For the most part this placehas a bottom of sand, but you will find small expands of coarse gravel, shatteredpebbles and shells,

and a few muddy spots.

The figures of the capture from Clarks Bank have already been shown combined with those ofGeorges Bank. that, in fact, this area is a part.