fission and fusion of atomic nuclei. i. nuclear fission fission - the splitting of the nucleus into...
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Fission and Fusion
of Atomic Nuclei
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I. Nuclear Fission
• Fission - The splitting of the nucleus into fragments (division)
• Uranium-235 is struck by a neutron and forms Ba-141, Kr-92 , and additional neutrons.
Neutron
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II. Chain Reaction• Chain reaction – Nucleus captures a
neutron and splits into fragments and produces three neutrons
– Products start a new reaction
• Critical mass– The minimum mass
required to support a self-sustaining chain reaction
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III. Nuclear Fusion•Fusion - combining atomic nuclei
to produce a nucleus of greater mass
•Fusion reactions release more energy than fission reactions
•Sun is powered by fusion
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euterium
ritium
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Question Time
• What is fission?• What is a chain reaction?• What is critical mass?• What is fusion?• Where do we find fusion?
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IV. Nuclear Binding Energy
• The energy required to break a nucleus into its individual protons and neutrons
• Energy released in a nuclear reaction is much greater than in chemical reactions
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V. Mass Defect•When breaking apart a
nucleus, there is a change in mass called the mass defect.
•The change in mass was converted to energy.
•We know this as E=mc2
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VI. Nuclear Reactors• The purpose of nuclear reactors is to keep the
chain reaction going without letting it get out of control
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Diablo Canyon
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San Onofre
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Fukushima, Japan
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VII. Nuclear Bombs
Atomic Bomb• Uses fission• Uses enriched uranium-235
or plutonium• Nagasaki and Hiroshima
Hydrogen Bomb• Uses fusion• 1000 time more powerful
than atomic bomb• Uses deuterium 2H and
tritium 3H
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Sources• www.pennenergy.com• http://www.californiareport.org• noyonews.net • www.sfgate.com• enformable.com• www.utsandiego.com• activerain.com• thesportdigest.com • www.dailytelegraph.com.au• www.2050publications.com