five chapters

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CHAPTER-I

COMPANY PROFILE


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1.1 Introduction to Nanomindz technologies:

Established in the year 2006, ISO: 9001:2008 Certified company.

Head Quarters in Visakhapatnam.

Basic work is on ARC- GIS, JAVA & .NET.

IT out-sourcing company.

It has many client success stories based upon proven methodologies from past 5

years.

Proven track record on delivering high ROI.

Solutions Company with a spectrum of services.

Business and technical Expertise in vertical markets.

Nanomindz Technologies Pvt. Ltd is a leader in information technology solutions.

It drives business value through advanced and modern framework based technical solutions.

It offer cost efficient and well managed offshore application delivery services to end users

and clients. It is a team of qualified consultants, engineers and subject matter experts to

quickly and efficiently complete your IT projects through Nanomindz Technologies Pvt.

Ltd. managed and client managed services.

Nanomindz Technologies Pvt. Ltd. has been in business over 6Years. It is a best

software solution provider in Visakhapatnam, India. The software development division was

setup to support its US and offshore clients. It designs, develops and delivers custom

solutions that are usable, innovative and costeffective.

Nanomindz Technologies Pvt. Ltd. was established with a vision to be a

recognized leader in providing reliable business solutions world wide through computing

and creative excellence. Committed to deliver the best solution for each client, it fuses

technology with business strategy to address theirclients current needs and position them

for future opportunities. Their expertise and experience, teamed with the extensive

knowledge in business application development, allows Nanomindz Technologies Pvt. Ltd.

to deliver the synergy of creativity and user friendly systems on all platforms to our clients.

Nanomindz is a professionally managed company with years of industry experience

in developing and delivering Enterprise specific Software and Web development solutions

using latest technologies. Quality is the buzz word in today's world without which no

organization can survive. Along with Quality we at Nanomindz "Think Beyond" to take one

step ahead and focus on Delivery of the solutions. We design processes that focus not just
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only on quality but also on delivery which increases the value to our global clients. Apart

from training our employees on latest technologies, we also empower them to deliver

exciting solutions to our clients.

1.2 Salient features of the company:

Nanomindz Technologies Pvt. Ltd. has a vision that offers and delivers on the

following promises:

a) Quality.

b) Cost-effective Services within Client Budgets.

c) Project Deliverables on Client Timelines.

d) Complete Customer Satisfaction.

With a vision that works to the customers advantage,Nanomindz Technologies Pvt. Ltd.

Is a company that believes: A Satisfied Customer is a Customer who wil l return the favor

with loyalty and by recommending us to other customers.

1.3 Services offered at Nanomindz technologies:

At the core Nanomindz operates in three specific domains namely Software

Development, Website Design & Development and Geographic Information Services. It also

offers services in building E-Commerce solutions, Search Engine Optimization (SEO) and

Database Administration services. Under each division it further provide specific industry

solutions on focused domains with cutting edge technologies. It emphasizes on building

relationship with the clients by delivering projects on time and within budget. It follows

structured methodologies for the projects which start from designing the solution to the

implementation phase. Well planned Project reduces the time to deliver the project and any

additional ad-hoc costs to our clients, hence we dedicate majority of our time understanding

our clients business and gather requirements. This ground up approach helps us deliver not

only the solution to our clients but also add value to your investments.

1.3.1 GIS services:

a) Vector mapping:It Provides project consulting and mapping services, GIS software, training, and

customized geographic systems to commercial organizations. It offers the whole spectrum

of Spatial Information related services. The staff is trained to do simple Computer Aided
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Design (CAD) to Aerial Satellite Imagery Analysis. It indigenously develops GIS

platforms for the Desktop, Intranet, and Internet environments.

b) Data Conversion:Whether automating existing documents or creating them from scratch,

Nanomindz can help. It has extensive experience in all aspects of spatial data capture and

spatial data conversion. It can help you explore the most cost-effective ways of

building and maintaining the data for your GIS Looking for cost-effective ways to

improve the accuracy of your data.

c) Geo-coding and Address Matching Services:Nanomindz provides geo-coding services. This is the process of assigning

longitude and latitude coordinates based upon an address.Nanomindz also provides address matching services to support government

relations, mailings, advertising, and market research efforts. It can accurately match

membership or customer records to any political district, media market, cable service

territory or other customer-defined region. Accuracy is to the street address level, a

much greater precision than ZIP Code matches.

d) Resource Mapping:

If you are looking to create new GIS data, enhance existing data, or justcheck for overall data completeness, you can count on the staff at Nanomindz. It has

extensive experience in resource mapping, and is comfortable with GPS tools and

traditional surveying tools-for those times when GPS is not the right tool for data capture.

It can take your data from field to finish, and provide the data to you in a wide variety of

data formats.

It can work with you in developing and incorporating data dictionaries for your field

mapping projects to ensure that your field work will flow easily into your GIS.

e) Mapping Services:

a) Thematic Mapping.

b) Contour and Topology Mapping.

c) Parcel Mapping/Cadastral Mapping.

d) Route Mapping.

e) Street Mapping.

f) Facilities Mapping

g)

Geo-Coding.


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h) GOLF Mapping.

f) Vehicle Tracking System:

A vehicle tracking system is an electronic device installed in a vehicle to enable the

owner or a third party to track the vehicle's location. Most modern vehicle tracking systems

use Global Positioning System (GPS) modules for accurate location of the vehicle. Many

systems also combine a communications component such as cellular or satellite transmitters

to communicate the vehicle's location to a remote user. Vehicle information can be viewed

on electronic maps via the Internet or specialized software.

g) Technology:

There are 24 satellites available in space and it is guaranteed that at any given time,

there will be at least three satellites available anywhere under the sky. GSM technology is

used to transmit this and display the geographical position of the vehicle at the base station.

The Vehicle tracking system is completely modular in design. It is made up of 2 two parts:

The Mobile Vehicle unit and The Fixed Base System.

The unit is configured around a main controller module, which executes the software

to configure and control the GPS receiver, GSM Module, and IO Ports. This unit is to be

fitted in the vehicle, with appropriate GPS and wireless antenna.

The GPS receiver detects the position and provides it to the Controller module. TheController module converts the received data and sends it to the central station using SMS.

Messages received from the Central station can be displayed on an LCD and the driver can

send messages from a keypad. The Base Station allows a client to view his vehicle on a

Geographic map. Multi-layer in-depth maps of each city are available and the position

(Vehicle tracking systems) of the vehicle is displayed on these maps. The Base Station has

an in-built Web Server. The position (Vehicle tracking systems) information received from

each vehicle is stored in the database. To view the location of a vehicle, a client must log

into the web server and specify the vehicle id. He can view his vehicle as long as he is

connected to the site.

h) Remote Sensing:

a) Image Enhancement

b) Interpretation

c) Classification

d) Feature Extraction

e) Dem Generation


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Interpretation work includes creation of land use/land cover morphology data, vector

updates and high-resolution urban mapping. We also create value added image products

from satellite imagery, seamless mosaics and land use/land cover mosaics for large areas.

Our experience covers Land use analysis, study of Social Infrastructure and rural

development, Physical Development strategies, environmental system.

In Automated mapping and Facilities Management, we have an experience in Power,

water supply and drainage system, Telecommunications, electrical and street network,

Pipeline system.

Other areas like Business development analysis, recreation games, Criminal

Investigation, Emergency Management etc.

i) Web Mapping:

Web mapping or Internet Mapping Applications are basically intelligent maps on the

internet the user can interactively navigate, search and query.

For a local Government organization with increasing demands for enterprise-wide

GIS web solutions. This has allowed the department to integrate GIS web base system

within the city's infrastructure. Integrating a mature and comprehensive IT-GIS department

as one unit, has allowed multiple internal departments to take advantage and utilize GIS

technologies for their City Planning like Irrigation Department, Drainage System, Electric

Network, Taxation etc. Utilizing Arc IMS and Geo Samba Universal application allows

dissemination of GIS data over the internet and Intranet, which provides the ability to

develop, focus and customize applications for multiple departments. Geo Samba Universal

server application can integrate multiple databases seamlessly into one single point of access

through a web-based portal.

Routes and networks are the interconnected features that are used for transportation

and include highways, railways, and city streets. Networks are an important part of everyday10 lives and analysis of these networks improves the movement of people, goods, services

and the flow of resources. This project focused on determining the best route between two

destinations based on a specific travel expense. Data used by this project included public

data and data generated using a Global Positioning System (GPS). Once the data is

analyzed, a route representing the shortest travel distance and a route representing the fastest

travel time were developed.


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The project was developed that focused on determining the best route between two

destinations that was based on a specific travel expense. For the purpose of the project,

travel cost would be based on the length of time required to travel between the starting point

and the destination point.

1.3.2 Website design:

a) PSD to HTML Conversion Service.

b) Website Maintenance and Support.

c) Web development with PHP, SQL, Ajax.

d) E-Commerce Site Development.

e)

PayPal, authorize.net and other major payment gateway integrations.f) Customization of JOOMLA, Word Press, Drupal, Magneto, Os Commerce and Zen

Cart.

g) Portal / Corporate / Social Networking.

1.3.3 Software Development:

a) Custom-Software Development..

b) Product Re-engineering and Data Migration.

c) Software Maintenance and Support.

d) Software Testing & QA.

e) Technology Consultancy.

f) Project Delivery Methodology.

g) Enterprise Application Integration (EAI).

h) Enterprise Solutions (CRM, ERP, BPM).

1.3.4 Engineering services:

a) CAD/CAM:

Nanomindz are one of the leading 3D Architectural Rendering services providers in

Visakhapatnam, India. The Company provides services in 3D Architectural Rendering

services for all purposes starting from marketing to engineering and architectural analyzing

using latest Software. The 3d modelers, animators and engineers are highly skilled,

technologically up to dated and having hands on experience in this field. Our Company team

works with international drafting standards.


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They can quickly develop accurate 3D Architectural Renderings and make accurate

models from any design document or cad file. 3D Architectural Rendering services which

are offered at Nanomindz are:

3D Floor Plans.

Elevations & Interior Renderings.

Walkthrough's.

3D Fly bays.

b) CAD Drafting & Paper to CAD Conversion:

Nanomindz specializes in conversion of drawings to CAD vector files, catering to a

worldwide clientele Nanomindz today is at the forefront of the IT services industry in CAD

Drafting / Conversion and has skilled engineering teams, using high resolution, high

precision CAD systems to ensure best quality and accurate conversions.

Nanomindz specializes in the following drawing conversions:-

a) Architectural.

b) Mechanical.

c) Electrical.

d)

Automobile.

e) Maps.

1.3.5 BPO and End-User Services:

Nanomindz offers customized business data processing services that match

international standards in terms of precision and timely execution. The organization has

experience in processing large volumes of data required by major corporate and government

organizations.

The various BPO / IT enabled services include the following.

a) BPO Services:a) Web Marketing & Support

b) Financial & Accounting

c) Data & Voice Management

d) Transcriptions Service

e) E-mail & Chat Support

b) HR and Recruitment Service


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c) Outbound Services:

a) Appointment Scheduling

b) Product / Service Promotion

c)

Market Research & Survey

d) Mortgage Lead Generation

e) Sales & Marketing

f) E-mail Follow-Up

g) Voice Broadcast

d) Inbound Services:

a) Answering Service

b)

Customer Servicec) Inquiry Handling

d) Technical Support Service

e) Toll Free Services

f) Help Desk Support

g) Remote Receptionist

e) Collection Services:

a) Collection Agency

b) Debt Collection

c) Commercial Collection

d) Debt Recovery

e) Legal Services

1.3.6 Other services:

a) E-commerce:E-commerce has come a long way and changed the way business is done. It has

brought different challenges along with it like managing the inventory, Payments, order

management and so on. Nanomindz has an answer to this ever evolving industry and help

your Site visitors to become your customers. It has comprehensive solutions for

a) Content Management System

b) Inventory Management System

c) Order Management

d)

Gift Certificate and Coupons


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e) Multiple payment options

b) Search Engine Optimization:

A well designed website is job half done for any business this is because it gives

information about your business to the website visitor. Since business is dependent on

number of visitors, we need to drive traffic to the website and SEO fills this gap. We have

an understanding of return on investment so our SEO strategies and process are totally result

driven.

a) Keywords

b) Back Links

c) Meta Tags

d)

Images

e) Website URL's

f) Web Page Titles

c) Database Administration Services:

With ever growing complexity of application data, database administration has

become a challenging task. At Nanomindz offer DBA services to global clients who meet

your business expectation of peak performance and availability. They have continuous

coverage and proactively monitor your database to detect any problems before they occur.

1.3.7 Industrial services:

Designing and developing a perfectly usable solution requires more than just

technology. It demands an in-depth understanding of your industry its challenges and

opportunities. A familiarity about how you operate in this specific industry, how your

company interacts with your partners and keeps your customers happy. With many years of

experience we have gained advantage over our competitors with domain knowledge ofdiverse industries. We blend our technology expertise with domain knowledge to offer the

right IT application development solution to meet your specific needs and industry

requirements.

a) Education and Training:

Economy is evolving to a knowledge-based economy with an ever increasing

pressure to remain at the forefront of education and training throughout a career. The

advancements in technology have revolutionized the education domain and enabled learners


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of all levels and goals to benefit from digital channels. We develop different applications in

this domain like Web content management systems, E-Learning and E-library systems,

Scheduling software's and any custom-built software for the client.

b) Real Estate & Property Management:

Today's real estate industry is booming like anything and is full of favorable

opportunities for everyone related to this sector in anyway. We have gained a thorough

knowledge of the real estate sector and have been rendering all round solutions for number of

real estate and construction companies, builders and contractors who maneuver in the various

residential and commercial projects. Process mapping, information architecture design,

internet centric software development is some of the key service areas that Nanomindz offers

to the real estate industry

c) Travel and Hospitality:

Travel and hospitality industries have always been in the top of fast growing e-

commerce industries. Consumer and Business travelers embrace the convenience and cost

advantage of researching online for low cost travel options. Due to the competition

companies face immense pressure due to increased cost, reduction in prices and regulatory

requirements. We help you address this by designing solutions which reduces your time of

administration tasks, improves marketing capabilities and improved margins.

d) Finance and Banking:

Banking sector is undoubtedly continues ever evolving and ever changing industry.

With the advent of technology customers are continuously looking for easier ways to do

business with banks. The Bank which embraces the new methodology first always has the

first-mover advantage in this sector. With this dynamically changing technology banks and

financial institutions have to cope up with challenges to improve quality of service while

reducing costs. Nanomindz answers this by providing targeted, real-time engagement

solutions that drive incremental business while delivering higher service levels at lower cost.

e) Manufacturing:

Manufacturing continuously poses a challenge to the organization due to continue

changes in the demand and supply and market conditions. Companies respond to this change

by powering their manufacturing units with modern equipment and tools to boost their

productions. Hence there is a requirement to efficiently manage the assets, streamlining


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processes and providing meaning information to make quick and informed decisions. We

develop logistics and supply chain management systems, Inventory and Warehouse systems,

Reporting Software solutions and more.

1.4 Clients of Nanomindz technologies:

a) TCS

b) L&T

c) InfoTech

d) VUDA

e) GVMC

f) DAV

g) DGNP

h) BVYARD

i) CRL

j) ENC

k) Naval Base

l) Visakha District Police

m)Visakha (City) Traffic Police

n) A.P State Housing Corporation

o) Jn nuram

p) Kala Vathi Hospital

q) District Rural Development


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CHAPTER-II

INTRODUCTION TO THE PROJECT


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2.1 Evaluation of the Project:

Ministry of Power, Government of India, has launched the Restructured Accelerated

Power Development and Reforms Program (R-APDRP) in July 2008 with focus on actual,

demonstrable performance in terms of sustained loss reduction. Establishment of reliable

and automated systems for sustained collection of accurate base line data, and the adoption

of Information Technology in the areas of energy accounting will be essential before taking

up the regular distribution strengthening projects, fixation of accountability, reduction of

AT&C losses up to 15% level through strengthening & up-gradation of Sub Transmission

and Distribution network and adoption of Information Technology during XI Plan. Projects

under the scheme shall be taken up in parts.

It is proposed to cover urban areas - towns and cities with population of more than

30,000 (10,000 in case of special category states). In addition, in certain high-load density

rural areas with significant loads, works of separation of agricultural feeders from domestic

and industrial ones, and of High Voltage Distribution System (11kV) will also be taken

up. PFC has been designated as the nodal agency to operationalise the program and shall act

as a single window service under R-APDRP. As nodal agency PFC shall receive a fee as

well as the reimbursement of expenditure in implementation of the program as per the norms

to be decided by the RAPDRP Steering Committee.

2.2 Project Theme:

The Restructured Accelerated Power Development and Reform Program (RAPDRP)

were first contemplated by the Government of India. The main theme of the RAPDRP

scheme is to improve the economy of the state power utilities, reduce Transmission and

Distribution (T&D) losses, improve reliability, quality and availability of power supply, and

introduce systems. The APDRP also aims at bringing transparency in operations of the

power utilities through IT implementation and thereby improve consumer satisfaction. The

scheme was further modified during the XI Plan as "Re-structured Accelerated Power

Development and Reform Program (R-APDRP)" with the aim of restoring the commercial

viability of the distribution sector by putting in place appropriate mechanism so as to

substantially reduce the Aggregate Technical and Commercial (AT&C) losses. In the first

instance, the R-APDRP seeks to address the issue of building the baseline data including


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meter data acquisition. After ascertaining the AT&C losses, the issue of power system up-

gradation and modernization is taken up. Highlights of the program are:

a) The focus of the program is on actual, demonstrable performance in terms of loss

reduction.

b) Establishment of reliable and automated systems for sustained collection of accurate

data and adoption of IT in the areas of energy accounting are necessary

preconditions for the sanction of projects.

c) The program will cover all urban areas, cities and towns with a population of more

than 30,000 (10,000 in case of special category states)

2.3 Need For the Project:

In power sector, the distribution system plays a vital role where, the gap between

the average revenue realization and the average cost of supply has been constantly

increasing since a decade. This is causing the state electricity boards (SEB) run under huge

losses. In view of the losses faced by the SEB's, the government of India/MOP has

undertaken the APDRP with the aim of restoring the commercial viability in the distribution

sector.

Power is a critical infrastructure for economic growth. The economic acceleration

would greatly depend upon a commercially viable power sector that is able to attract fresh

investments. However, the financial health of State Electricity Boards (SEBs) become a

matter of grave concern considering that their losses have reached an alarming level of

Rs.26,000 crores during 2001-00,which was equivalent to about 1.5% of GDP. Accelerated

Power Development Program (APDP) had been undertaken from the year 2000-01 as a last

means for restoring the commercial viability of the Distribution Sector. Later on APDRP

and due the failures noticed in the APDRP further modifications are made and RAPDRP hasbeen launched.

For clear understanding if we assume that the total losses in power sector is 100%

among this 50% is due to Distribution losses 17% is due to Transmission losses. This

distribution losses is mainly due to AT&C losses (Aggregate Technical and Commercial

losses) The main objective this project is to reduce the AT&C losses.


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2.4 Components of the Project:

Projects under the scheme shall be taken up in Two Parts. Part-A shall include the

projects for establishment of baseline data and IT applications for energy

accounting/auditing & IT based consumer service centers. Part-B shall include regular

distribution strengthening projects. The activities to be covered under each part are as

follows:

Part-A:

Thispart of the project focus on projects for establishment of baseline data and IT

applications for energy accounting/auditing and IT based consumer service centers. It will

include preparation of baseline data for the project area covering consumer indexing, GIS

mapping, metering of distribution transformers and feeders, and automatic data logging for

all distribution transformers and feeders and SCADA / DMS system (only in the project area

having more than 4 lakh population and annual input energy of the order of 350 MU). It

would include asset mapping of the entire distribution network at and below the 11kV

transformers and include distribution transformers and feeders, low tension lines, poles and

other distribution network equipment. It will also include adoption of IT applications for

meter reading, billing and collection; energy accounting and auditing; MIS; redressal of

consumer grievances; establishment of IT enabled consumer service centres etc. The base

line data and required system will be verified by an independent agency appointed by the

Ministry of Power. In this part it mainly focuses on:

a) Indexing and asset mapping.

b) Metering of distribution transformers and feeders.

c) Automatic metering reading from distribution transformers and feeders.

d) Energy accounting/Auditing and establishment of customer care centre.

Part-B:

This parts focus is on to include regular distribution strengthening projects like:

Renovation, modernization and strengthening of 11 kV level substations

Transformers/transformer centers, re-conducting of lines at 11kV level and below

Load bifurcation

Feeder separation

Load balancing,


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HVDS (11kV)

Replacement of electromagnetic energy meters with tamper proof electronics meters

Installation of capacitor banks, and mobile service centers.

Includes regular distribution strengthening projects and will cover system

improvement, strengthening etc.

Actually RAPDRP for Andhra Pradesh was undertaken by TCS it was divided

according to area wise and the eastern part of the Andhra Pradesh i.e. the cities

Which come under Andhra Pradesh Eastern Power Distribution Company LTD.

(APEPDCL) was done by NANOMINDZ and it was headed by TCS.

Re-conduct ring of lines at 11KV level and below, load bifurcation, feeder

separation & load balancing. Aerial bunched conduct ring in dense areas, replacement of electromagnetic

energy meters with tamper proof electronics meters etc.

In the absence of feeder metering in the past, major portion of the T&D

loss, including theft of electricity gets attributed to agricultural consumption.

Agricultural consumption is around 20-25%, Utilities were showing it as 30-35%.

T&D loss was computed by taking into account electricity bills issued to

consumers as accrued income & not on actual collection.

T&D figures did not capture the major gap between billing and collection, apart

from large amount of theft. To get over this problem AT&C loss was introduced.

AT&C loss in the difference between units input into system and the units for

which the payment is collected.

AT&C loss(%) = (Energy Input-Energy Realized)/Energy Input X 100.

Energy Realized = Energy billed X Collection Efficiency.

Collection Efficiency (%) = Amount Realized/Amount Billed 100

2.5 Objectives of the Project:

Power Distribution Utilities in India are generally under heavy loss and the main

reason is attributed to the more than 30% aggregate technical and commercial losses. R-

ADPRP program of the Government of Power is aimed at reducing the losses by

application of IT and Automation.

Power is a critical infrastructure for economic growth. State Electricity Board (SEB)

losses reached an alarming level of Rs.26000 crores during 2000-01(Equivalent of 1.5%


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of GDP).APDRP (Accelerated power distribution and reforms program) taken up in 10th

Five yearplan.

The objectives of APDRP are:

Improving financial viability of state power utilities.

Reduction of AT & C losses.

Improving customer satisfaction.

Increasing reliability and quality of power supply.

To minimize AT&C Losses.

Power losses and Power Thefts.

Schemes undertaken are: Renovation and modernization of sub-stations,

transmission lines & distribution transformers, augmentation of feeders & transformers,

feeder & consumer meters, high voltage distribution system (HVDS), consumer

indexing, SCADA, computerized billing etc.

APDRP has been re-structured to reduce AT & C loss to 15% in 11thplan. It

was proposed to cover towns & cities with population more than 30,000.

2.6 Goals of the Project:

Main goal of this project is to develop:

Today, despite an ambitious electrification program, some 40 crore Indians still have

no access to electricity. While 80 per cent of Indian villages have an electricity line, just 44

per cent of rural households have access to electricity. With a demand supply gap of 6,600

crore units and peak shortage of 16,000 MW, it is estimated that India needs to add an

additional 80,000 MW of generation capacity by the year 2012. This implies that a major

structural revision is needed if we are to achieve our plan for power for all by 2012.

However by the end of this project the Power Finance Corporation of India wanted to meet

this above power generation requirement.


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2.7 Reasons for AT&C losses:

2.7.1 Technical Losses:

a. Overloading of existing lines and sub-station equipments.

b.

Absence of up-gradation of old lines and equipments.

c. Low HT : LT ratio.

d. Poor repair and maintenance of equipments.

e. Non-installation of sufficient capacitors.

2.7.2 Commercial Losses:a.Low metering/billing/collection efficiency.

b.Theft & Pilferage and tampering of meters.

c.

Low accountability of employees.

d.Absence of Energy Accounting & Auditing.

2.8 Reasons for Technical and commercial losses:

2.8.1 Technical losses:

a. Ill maintained equipment, substation and Ageing of transformers.

b. Inadequate investment for infrastructure improvement

c.

Overloading of system elements like transformers, feeders, conductors

d. In sufficient Reactive compensation e.g. non inclusion of appropriate capacitor banks

at appropriate places

e. Non reconfiguration of feeder lines and distribution transformers so as to reduce the

length of LT lines and

f. Non usage of smaller size energy efficient Distribution transformers

2.8.2 Commercial losses:

a. Theft and pilferage

b. Low metering efficiency

c. Non reading of meters

d. Faulty meter reading

e. Inefficient billing

f. Under billing

g. Faulty bill distribution

h. Software errors


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i. Prolonged disputes

j. Inadequate revenue collection

k. Revenue accounts and upgrade regularly

l.

In sufficient collection avenues

2.9 Six levels of intervention strategies:

a. Reduce AT & C losses

b. Bring about Commercial viability in the Power Sector

c. Reduce outage & interruption

d. Increase Consumer Satisfaction

Expected outlay of Rs. 40,000 Cr. as additional Central Plan assistance to State

Government during 10th five year plan:

Rs. 20,000 Cr. for strengthening and up gradation of Sub transmission and distribution

Network under investment Component.

Rs. 20,000 Cr. grant to the states for reduction in the cash loss by SEBs/Utilities under

incentive component.

Initially the focus is on high density network that is urban centers where investment could

lead to substantial, quick & demonstration results.

In APDRP, initiatives have been undertaken for bringing about commercial viability of

SEB/Utility.

Ministry of power has formulated a six level intervention strategy to rejuvenate the

power sector, primarily to make it viable.

Efforts are to focus on reforms in the distribution sector to improve accountability &

revenue realization in the form of increased metering conversion of Un metered

connections to metered connections, addition of fresh connections, higher billing and

collection efficiency.

Technical, commercial, financial, IT, organizational interventions have been devised as

part of the six level intervention strategy.

This strategy for Distribution reforms would envisage interventions at the following levels:


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2.9.1 National Level Interventions:

The basic issues at national level are related to policy issues, legislation, uniform standards,

and energy conservation, accounting standards.

2.9.2 State Level Interventions:

The basic issues confronting the state level interventions are formation of SERc, issuance to

regular tariff orders, providing legislative support for involving local bodies in management

of Distribution business, removal of tariff anomalies, subsidies and budgetary support.

2.9.3 SEB Level Interventions:

The basic issues confronting the SEB level interventions are restructuring, accountability,

commercial accounting, integrated management information system, grid discipline and

TOD metering.

2.9.4 Distribution Circle Level:

Increase in income:

Increasing the billing, reduction of pilferage, more remunerative pricing of the commodity

(energy) and optimum utilization of physical assets and brand value of the supplier.

Reducing the Expenditure:

Sourcing of the least cost energy and reducing the energy management or energy handling

cost. In order to achieve the objectives of a retail business model it is proposed to convert

the circle as a independent identifiable business unit of the DISCOM.

2.9.5 Feeder Level Intervention:

11 kV Feeders are the basic source of income to an electricity utility. The issues confronting

it are Metering and Billing, Bill collection, Abnormal Voltage, segregation of losses and

over all ensuring quality of power supply.

2.9.6 Consumer Level Intervention:

The basic issues at Consumer level are related to Mandatory metering, compliance of

billing, consumer satisfaction, and energy conservation.


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2.10 Relation between OUR PROJECT, RAPDRP and NANOMINDZ:

Actually RAPDRP for Andhra Pradesh was undertaken by TCS it was divided according to

area wise and the eastern part of the Andhra Pradesh i.e. the cities which come under

Andhra Pradesh Eastern Power Distribution Company LTD. (APEPDCL) was done by

NANOMINDZ and it was headed by TCS.

Creation of GIS database is one part of the R-APDRP project which were

implementing the entire India, As a part of the project we are working with TATA

CONSULTANCY SERVICES (TCS) Creating 29 towns base map (Srikakulam,

Vizianagaram, Visakhapatnam, East Godavari and West Godavari districts) with the latest

satellite image, mapping the location co-ordinates (Latitude-Longitude) of each of the

electrical network entities from 66kv/33kv system, 11kv systems, RMUs, DTs and

poles/feeder pillar boxes (Over/under ground) from which each customer is connected and

of town's landmarks using Differential Global Positioning System method while doing field

survey. Collecting and developing attribute data of each network entity, customer and

mapped landmarks. Creation of digital map of complete network through GIS application

package.

Creation of Base map though the latest satellite imagery and geo-referencing the

same. Preparation of physical area maps for the areas, based on collected information,

digitization of network entities and landmarks, overlaying of features detailed in network

asset mapping.

Now let us consider AT&C losses in all the 29 towns which are under APEPDCL

along with the percentage of AT&C losses.

In the below figure (fig 2.1) we have seen that the AT&C losses are for some towns are

exceeding 10% now the main theme is to reduce these losses to fall below 10% we cannot

eliminate them completely.


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Fig 2.1 AT&C losses of 29 towns in Nanomindz


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CHAPTER-III

IMPLEMENTATION OF RAPDRP


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Project is mainly includes digitalization of power system .It is done by integration of:

a) Spatial data

b) Non-spatial data

3.1Spatial data:Spatial data it is the process of digitalization can be obtained by the satellites which

give the brief information about each and every location on the earth .Also known as

geographic information it is the data or information that identifies the geographic

location of features and boundaries on Earth, such as natural or constructed features,

oceans, and more. Spatial data is often accessed, manipulated or analyzed through

Geographic Information Systems (GIS).

a) Mapping the entire distribution network.

b) Adoption of Information Technology application for meter reading, billing and

collection.

c) Establishment of Information Technology enabled consumer service centers.

3.1.1 Digitization

It is actually done by integration of the spatial data and non-spatial data. Spatial datais about the earth's natural and man-made features. Non-spatial data is about the

information which is not available from satellites

3.1.2 Steps of Digitization

Digitization is of two types:

Manual digitization

Heads-up digitization.

a) Manual Digitizing:

It is done using digitizing tablet. The operator manually traces all the lines

from his hardcopy map and creates identical digital map on the computer. It is very time

consuming and level of accuracy is also not very good.


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b) Heads-up Digitizing:

It is similar to manual digitizing in the way that lines have to be drawn manually but

directly on the computer screen. So in this, the level of accuracy increases and time

taken decreases.

3.1.3 GIS (Geographical Information System):

a) GIS is a system designed to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage and present

all types of geographical data.

b) Simply it is the merging of cartography, statistical analysis and database technology.

c) A GIS lets the users to search the attribute data and spatial data at same time.

d)

The present used software for the digitization is ARC-GIS 9.3 version and ARC-GIS

10.

e) GIS applications are mainly in the areas of engineering, planning, management,

transport/logistics and analysis.

f) To integrate these collected spatial and non-spatial data a software is used namely

DGPS(DIFFERENTIAL GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM):

g) Differential Global Positioning System is an enhancement to global positioning

system that provides improved location accuracy, from the 15-meter nominal GPS

accuracy to about 10 cm in case of the best implementation.

3.2Non-spatial data:Non-spatial data includes two types of surveys. They are:

(a)Consumer survey

(b)Network survey

3.2.1 Consumer survey:

a. In consumer Survey the surveyors gather all the necessary information about the

customer.

b. Collecting field data/Information.

c. In Consumer Survey, the field persons collect information about the all the

consumers in a particular region.

d. Nanomindz is doing APEPDCL project covering 29 towns from past one and half

year.


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e. Here the surveyors go to the house of each and every consumer and collect entire

information of the owner along with the substation, residing region, meter reading,

location of the meter, brand, rating of the meter, etc.

f.

All these information are collected from 5 different districts in Andhra Pradesh,

covering 29 different towns.

g. Here, our job is to maintain the personal geodatabase of consumers under these

5districts

a) West Godavari

b) East Godavari

c) Srikakulam

d)

Visakhapatname) Vizianagaram

3.2.2 Network Survey:

a. The main aim of Network survey is to find the location of poles and transformers.

b. It Gives information about Pole No, no of cables, no of ht, lt lines, transformer no,

Latitude and Longitude of pole.

c. It is also used to establish necessary network system.

d.

Here we collect the latitude and longitude details of a particular pole along with

other details like Pole No, DTR No, no of cables, voltage supplied etc.

e. For Network survey we use DGPS (Differential-Global Positioning System).

3.3 Collecting field data:

a. FIRSTLY we gather the requirements (i.e.) we collect the field data. Field data is

collected by consumer Surveyors; they collect this information on hardcopy which

contains all the necessary information .The field information is collected in forms as

shown below.

b. This field data is taken into forms and each and every information about the

customer is stored in that form.

c. The information from these forms is entered into Dot net forms by the data entry

people and this information gets stored in our companies database.

d. We retrieve this information in database using Nanomindz server and store them in

Excel sheets (rows and columns).


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e. Later we update and manipulate the customer data and validate each and every

attribute.

f. Firstly we are given a single Consumer file. Initially, we are given a Consumer file

which we import to SQL SERVER STUDIO MANAGEMENT using IMPORT

AND EXPORT DATA WIZARD. This file consists of the combined information

from both network survey and consumer survey.

3.4 Network fixing:

The primary inputs for Network Fixing are

HT Sketch

LT sketch

DGPS Raw data

a. SOFTWARE USED: ARCGIS version 9.3

b. Before starting the actual process of Network Fixing it is essential to check the

DTRs (Distribution transformers) count, HT services present in the network and

details of Apartment DTRs in the raw data that matches DGPS sketches in that

particular area.

c.

The missing DTRs are to be noted in a separate MICROSOFT EXCEL sheet

named after the feeder name under the title DGPS missing.

d. The DTRs and LT poles connected to the DTR should be snapped in ARCMAP.

e. We need to load the shape files of Poles that are named after the Feeder name

by default, DTRs, LT line, HT line and in some cases we also have another

shape file called UG-HT (Under Ground High Tension Cable) line.

f. Once the shape files are loaded we need to differentiate poles by the process

stated below:

PROPERTIES DIALOGUE BOX >> SYMBOLOGY TABLE >>

CATEGORIES >> LINE TYPE >> ADD ALL VALUES and we symbolize

the poles according to our requirements.

g. To avoid ambiguity between poles and DTRs, we symbolize DTRs with a

different shape and color.

h. We also symbolize HT line and LT line with symbols of different colors.


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i. To snap the vertices we use EDITOR Toolbar and select SNAPPING and check

the fields of vertices and endpoints.

j. We need to assign LT line as the TARGET layer and start the process of fixing as

per the LT sketches.

k. Care has to be taken while snapping between the poles of each DTR of a

particularfeeder.

l. While snapping, the details of missing poles and sub poles should be recorded in

the EXCEL sheet created earlier.

3.4.1 HT Numbering:

a. The HT poles present in the file are to be numbered starting from the feeder

point (Neglecting the feeder point) till the end.

b. While numbering the poles care should be taken that we number only the HT poles

and HLT poles are only counted and not numbered.

c. The HLT poles which do not have LT numbering should be given with HT number.

3.4.2 Calculating field attributes:

a. We have to add the fields as per Network fixing checklist which include

Height, Material, Type of support, Temp DTR number, Wires, Feeder ID,Asset code,Configuration and Street light availability.

b. After opening attribute table, we need to open FIELD CALCULATOR and assign

the fields as per the given guidelines.

c. We need to maintain all the fields in uppercase and no field should be left empty.

Fig 3.1 An image showing a completed network fixing file

d. For calculating field height the values in general are:

a) LT poles-8m

b)

HT poles-12m


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c) HLT poles-9.1m

e. For material it should be as follows:

a) PSCC

b)

SPUN BOXc) RAIL

d) RSJOIST

e) TUBULAR

f) Empty fields should be updates with PSCC (default)

f. For Configuration, in Field calculator we have to select Line type and it assigns

values as per line type as:

i.

LTLT poles

ii. HTHT poles

iii. HLTHLT poles

g. For Type of support, we should add Support in Field calculator and we modify

the values as follows:

a) STUTPOLE- P

b) STAYWIRE-Wc) STUTPOLE & STAYWIREPW

h. For street light availability, we have to add STREET LIGHT in Field calculator

and the values get assigned automatically as per the data and we modify it as:

a) YES-Y (if the street light is available)

b) NO-N (if the street light is not available)

i. Before ASSET coding is given, configuration should be updated first.

j. The ASSET coding must be done primarily for LT and HLT poles followed by HT

Poles.

k. While ASSET coding is done to DTR points it is to be maintained that the fields with

AB poles are to be replaced with the respective DTR number.

l. For the field temp DTR number, we need to calculate it with the respective DTR

numbers.


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m. For wires we calculate the field with the NO OF WIRES and in general the values

are as follows:

HLT-5

HT-3

LT-2,3,4,5

n. We update the field feeder ID with the corresponding feeder name.

o. Finally, we should SUMMARIZE all the fields and duplicates are to be cleared.

p. After summarizing the fields, the fields other than the listed fields in the

network fixing checklist are to be deleted.

3.5 Mode of Digitization:

a) After completion of Network fixing, the file has to be audited for quality checking.

b) Findings in Auditing

a) Extra poles-The extra poles are to be deleted by referring DGPS and

consumer sketches.

b) Field attributes- Specification

a) All the fields are to be in uppercase.

b) DTR and pole duplication should be eliminated.

c) No special characters are to be entertained.

d) Sketch for HT and LT line.

c) All the layers- HT_LINE, LT_LINE, POLES, DTR_NUM including image should

be exported as shape-files (.shp).

d) Using AUTOCAD-2004 import the shape-files without any duplication of layers

and missing data.e) Repeat the process again for DTR_NUM and POLES layers as text

layers- DTR_NUM_TEXT, POLES_TEXT.

f) Once we imported all the layers, Using MAPIINSERT we place the Raster

image according to the coordinates.

g) Create two new layers which define offsets of HT and LT line.

a) HT-Offset

b)

LT-Offset


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h) The layers in AUTOCAD file before drawing offsets are

a) 0 (default layer)

b) DTR_NUM

c) Poles

d) DTR_NUM_TEXT

e) HT_LINE

f) LT_LINE

g) POLES_TEXT

h) HTOFFSET

i) LTOFFSET

3.5.1 Offset:

In order to draw an offset to HT line turn off all the layers except HT Line and

layer of POLES and Raster Image.

Distance should be maintained from HT LINE to HTOFFSET is 1m.

Repeat the same process to draw the offset to LT Line in the layer LTOFFSET.

Distance should be maintained from LT_LINE to LTOFFSET is 0.5m.

Offset should be placed towards the road side.

For DF (Dual feeding) distance should be maintained as 0.75m.

3.5.2 Poly-Edit:

a. In poly-edit turn off all the layers except HTOFFSET AND LTOFFSET.

b. Select the offset layers and convert it to polylines by using command PE.

c. Using PE we can convert all the lines to polyline so that we can use network

topology.

3.5.3 Blocks:a) Blocks are placed over offset line with reference to network line.

b) There are 5 types of blocks

Agricultural block

HT service block contains CT and PT, meter, HT service point, Bus bar, HT

line and fuse.

Public DTR block contains HT, LT, bus bar, fuse, DTR, switch and meter.

Apartment DTR block contains HT, Bus bar, fuse, switch and meter.


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Public DTR without meter.

c) We place the blocks along the direction with reference to DTR type placed in

network line.

d) Explode the block and give the DTR number in their properties.

3.5.4 Network Topology:

To find errors in snapping and exploding network offset lines, network topology

is used.

In AUTOCAD NT command is used for network topology.

By running NT we complete the process of digitization.

3.5.5 Purging:

After completing digitization we have to check whether all DTR blocks are placed.

To do this we need turn of all the layers except DTR and CT&PT and count all

the points.

We then again turn off all the layers except DTR_NUM. If the count matches then

all the DTRs have been placed.

Now purge unnecessary layers.

Merge HTOFFSET and HT, LTOFFSET and LT as two layers.

Select the layers HT_LINE, LT_LINE, DTR_TEXT, DTR_NUM and

POLES_TEXT.

Delete all the data in these layers. Enter a command PUA to delete the layers.

After purging is done, we only have the following layers in the AUTOCAD file

HT,LT,DTR,SWITCH,FUSE,POLES,CT&PT,HT-SERVICE-POINT,

LT_LINE(UG),HT_LINE(UG) in some cases and BUSBAR.

3.6 Process of PGDB conversion:

PGDB means PERSONAL GEO DATA BASE file. The digitized files are to be

converted into client specified format, PGDB file. There are a variety of file formats that

can be used within the Arc GIS software. Two file formats, the shape file and the

personal geo database were designed to hold geographic data (data that has both

geometry and attributes associated with each record). The personal geo database is the

native data structure for Arc GIS. (There is another type of geo database, the enterprise


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geo database that will not be addressed in this document. In an enterprise geo database, the

data is stored in an enterprise database such as Oracle or SQL Server.)

In this document any references to geo database refer to a personal geo database.

The geo database is actually a collection of data sets and acts as a container for data.

There are several advantages to storing data within a personal geo database rather than

using shape files and dBase (DBF) files:

a) All files relating to a project can be stored into the geo database file, making it

easier to organize and transfer data if necessary. Both the geographic files and the

tabular data can reside within a single geo database.

b) The personal geo database uses the Microsoft Access database as its underlying

structure, making it easier for access users to work with the data within the tablesoutside the Arc GIS environment.

c) When converting labels to annotation, the annotation can be stored in a geo

database, rather than within an Arc Map project. This allows the annotation to be re-

used in other Arc Map sessions.

d) The geodatabase has more flexibility in the length of field names as compared

to a standalone DBF file.

e) Geographic data stored within a geodatabase is referred to as a feature class.

f) There are some restrictions on a personal geodatabase:

g) They are designed for a single user to be accessing them at a time. (Hence the

term personal.)

h) They are not appropriate to be placed in a common shared folder for multiple users.

i) There is a size limitation of 2 GB for each geodatabase.


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Fig 3.2 Sample PGDB files

3.6.1 Process:

Only 09 layers should be present in digitized file which are HT,LT, DTR,

METER, SWITCH, FUSE, CTPT, POLES, LT_UG, HT SERVICE POINT (in

case).Each Layer has its own specification of label name.

For example poles Layer must be in the name of POLES only in order get it loaded

in PGDB.

LT, HT offsets must be only in the layer name of LT& HT.

Care must be taken such that unnecessary Layers in the digitized file should

be purged.

As PGDB is the required file output prescribed by the client, specified layer

names are to be allotted at the time of digitization.

A separate tool installed to convert Auto Cad Drawing to PGDB file.

The tool used is LOAD FROM DRAWING.

A separate tool installed to convert Auto Cad Drawing to PGDB file.

The tool used is LOAD FROM DRAWING.


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After verifying these and finding the errors go to the further process of loading

theDrawing to PGDB file.

Care must be taken such that Electrical Dataset net is deleted. This is the

geometry file and this should be deleted in Arc Catalogue.

Now, Run the Nano Tool bar to find the errors in Phase, Direction, Pole Type,

and Extra Vertices.

Errors are created in a shape file (.shp)

Now rectify all the errors as directed after running NANO TOOLS.

Again run all the Nano tools to confirm all errors are cleared.

Now, the preliminary process is completed.

Now, Run the R-APDRP tool kit which is a software separately createdby Nanomindz Technologies Pvt Ltd in order to make it easy.

Now, update the requirements of VALIDATION.

Fig 3.3 Migrate tool


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Fig 3.4 APDRP tool kit

In Validation, the Hanging poles can be exempted to a distance of 1.5m.

For LT offset, distance can be validated from pole to offset line is 0.8m.

For HT offset, the distance can be valid up to 1.2m.

After Validation, errors which occurred in the file should be corrected by

copying Object id in the location.

Now, Update Cut point to support Structure. It must be updated with either 0 or 1.

Later, Update the Number Of wires FOR ENTIRE Support structure.

Always remember that wires must be in a step down Fashion. It must not be in

Step up Fashion Later the asset code is to be updated with section codes.

Fig 3.5 Public DistributionTransformer


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LT

OptionsSelect by Attributes Configuration=LT or Configuration=HLT

Unselect DTRS Right click asset code

Field calculator

Asset code

Where RD2 is section code Section code/SS+[Asset code] Ex: RD2/SS+ [Asset code] OptionsSwitch selection

HT

Configuration=HT or Configuration=2HT Unselect DTRS Asset code Right click Asset code Field calculator section code/feeder name first letter+[Asset code] Ex: RD2/T + [ASSET CODE] Here T=tummolov.

D T R

Select DTRs, HT Services and Feeder points

Right click asset code

Field calculator

Asset code

OK

Update from pole and to pole APDRP Toolkit

Select Up date From Pole and To Pole

PGDB File: (PGDB File)

Report log: Any No

(123456) Execute

FROM POLE AND TO POLE FOR APARTMENT DTR f o r Apartment DTR f o r

the first three HT lines we give the from pole as the before pole from which it is

passing

FROM POLE= BEFORE POLE


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TO POLE= DTR NUM

Fig 3.6 From pole to pole for DTR

Fig 3.7 from Pole- to pole for DTRs

For the first three HT lines we give to pole as DTR NO

For overhead LT in Apartment DTR

From pole = DTR NUM

To pole = APT


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Fig 3.8 From Pole to pole for APT DTRs

FROM POLE - TO POLE FOR BUS BAR


TO POLE=DTR NUM

Fig3.9 from Pole- To pole for Bus bar

FROM POLE AND TO POLE FOR UGLT


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FROM POLE= DTR NUM

TO POLE =APT

Fig 3.10 from Pole-To pole for UGLT

FOR PUBLIC DTR: FROM POLE - TO POLE


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Fig 3.11 from Pole-To pole for Public DTRs


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KLUNIVERSITY Page 43

FOR THE FOUR HT LINES

FROM POLE = BEFORE POLE

TO POLE= DTR NUM

FOR THE BUSBAR IN BETWEEN THE FOUR HT LINES


TO POLE= DTR NUM

FOR THE TWO LT LINES

FROM POLE = DTR NUM

TO POLE= DTR NUM/A/B (DEPENDS ON HOW MANY FEEDINGS ARE

PROVIDED TO IT

IF THERE IS ONLY A FEEDING THEN TO POLE= DTR NUM/A

IF THERE IS ONLY B FEEDING THEN TO POLE= DTR NUM/B

IF THERE ARE BOTH FEEDINGS THEN TO POLE=DTR NUM/A/B

FOR THE REMANING TWO BUS BARS

FROM POLE = DTR NUM

TO POLE= THE POLE WHICH THE BUS BAR IS CONNECT

FOR HT SERVICES

Fig 3.12 from Pole-To pole for HT SERVICE


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FOR THE FIRST TWO HT LINES:


TO POLE= DTR NUM

FOR THE LAST TWO HT LINES

FROM POLE= DTR NUM

TO POLE=IND

Fig 3.13 Field attributes Table updated at support Structure


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CHAPTER-IV

WORKING WITH ARC GIS


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Esri's Arc GIS is a geographic information system (GIS) for working with maps and

geographic information.

4.1 Arc GIS Desktop:

Arc GIS Desktop 9.3 provides a variety of enhancements in cartography, modeling and

analysis, 3D visualization, and developer tools to enable high-quality map production.

4.2 Cartography:

Embed feature attributes, map layers, and coordinate system information when exporting

to PDF (Acrobat 9).

Control complex text labeling including contour labeling and label placement inside andaround polygons.

WYSIWYG editing of cartographic representations and geometric effects allows you to

better see how an edit will impact your map.

Simulate legend symbol transparency to better match transparent layers in your maps.

4.3 Arc GIS Server:

Arc GIS Server 9.3 offers new services and applications to give you more control of your

geospatial resources. You can now more efficiently manage and deliver high-performance

mapping, image, and geo-processing services to a wide range of applications.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esrihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_information_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_information_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esri


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4.4 Views in Arc Map:

Arc Map displays map contents in one of two views:

a) Data view

b) Layout view

Each view lets you look at and interact with the map in a specific way. In Arc Map data

view, the map is the data frame. This view hides all the map elements on the layout, such as

titles, north arrows, and scale bars, and lets you focus on the data in a single data frame, for

instance, editing or analysis. In data view, the active data frame is presented as a geographic

window in which map layers are displayed and used. Within a data frame, you work with

GIS information presented through map layers using geographic (real-world) coordinates.

These will typically be ground measurements in units such as feet, meters, or measures of

latitude-longitude (such as decimal degrees).

When you're preparing your map's layout, you'll want to work with it in layout view.

Layout view is used to design and author a map for printing, exporting, or publishing. You

can manage map elements within the page space (typically, inches or centimeters), add new

map elements, and preview what your map will look like before exporting or printing it.

Common map elements include data frames with map layers, scale bars, north arrows,

symbol legends, map titles, text, and other graphic elements.

4.5 HIGHLIGHTS OF ARCGIS 9.3.1:

a) Fast and Scalable Dynamic Map Services:

Arc GIS 9.3.1 can publish fast, scalable maps on the Web using optimized map

services. These support both dynamic and cached map services.

b) Arc GIS Online Sharing and Search:

In addition to providing ready-to-use map services like imagery and streets, this spring

Arc GISSM Online will enable you to easily publish your data to the Web to share it with

other users. Arc GIS 9.3.1 introduces the ability to create layer packages (LPK) from your

layers in Arc Map and Arc Globe and easily share data with other users. You can upload

your layer packages into the new Arc GIS Online Web site, and other users will be able to

immediately add them to their own maps and globes.


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c) Support for Microsoft Virtual Earth:

Arc GIS 9.3.1 supports the free use of Microsoft Virtual Earth content in Arc GIS

Desktop and a 90-day evaluation for use with Arc GIS Server. You can purchase additional

time for using Virtual Earth in your Arc GIS Server implementations.

d) New Capabilities in Arc GIS Data Interoperability:The Arc GIS Data Interoperability extension at 9.3.1 uses the latest release of FME

from Safe Software, Inc.

e) Arc GIS API for Microsoft Silver light:

A new Web API for Silver light will be released this summer that supports building Web

map applications for Arc GIS Server. Check on the release status at the Arc GIS Server

Resource Center.

f) Extended Support for JavaDevelopers:

New and extended Java capabilities have been added at 9.3.1 that focus

On Arc GIS Server for Java

4.6 Applications of ARCGIS:

a) Creating and using maps.

b)

Compiling geographic data.

c) Analyzing mapped information.

d) Sharing and discovering geographic information.

e) Using maps and geographic information in a range of applications.

f) Managing geographic information in a database.

g) The system provides an infrastructure for making maps and geographic information

available throughout an organization, across a community, and openly on the Web.

h) We use certain other components of ARCGIS such as ARC CATALOG to create electric

distribution topology. This topology is used in editing the fields of the PGDB file.


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4.7 DTR Sketches (LT Sketch):

In these sketches we will only highlight DTR, Type of transmission line, poles, location

name and pole painting code.

For obtaining this Feeder sketch a legend was given to us by giving the queries to

the ARC MAP we can get this sketch.

The queries used for preparing the LT sketch:

(a)Support structure-

For normal- DTR-DTR_STRUCTCODE=CODE

For dedicated DTR- SUBTYPELT

(b)DTR -DTR_STRUCTCODE=CODE

(c)OHLT -DTR_STRUCTCODE=CODE AND SUBTYPE4

Fig 4.1 DTR SKETCH


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4.8 Feeder sketch:

In this sketch we will highlight substation, poles, pole painting code, location name,

distances between the poles by placing callouts between the poles and HT consumers coming

from this feeder.

For obtaining this Feeder sketch a legend was given to us by giving the queries to the ARC MAPwe can get this sketch.

The queries used for preparing the feeder sketch:

(a)Electric StationSUBSTATION NAME= NAME

(b)Support structure - FEEDER ID=CODE AND

CONFIGURATIONLT

(c) DTR - FEEDER ID=CODE

(d)OHLT- FEEDER ID=CODE

(e)PRIMARY METER - FEEDER ID=CODE AND

SUBTYPE=BOUNDARY METER

Fig 4.2 FEEDER SKETCH


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4.9 Sub-station sketches:

In this sketch we will highlight substation, poles, pole painting code, location name,

distances between the poles by placing callouts between the poles and HT consumers coming

from this feeder.

For obtaining this Feeder sketch a legend was given to us by giving the queries to the

ARC MAP we can get this sketch.

The queries used for preparing the feeder sketch:

(a) SUBSTATIONNAME =NAME

(b)Displays the substation of corresponding town

Fig 4.3 SUBSTATION SKETCH


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CHAPTER-V

FIELD SURVEY


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5.1 Objectives of Field survey:

Making reference sketches of DTR network and FEEDER network which helps in GIS

mapping, indexing and codification of consumers and all the assets, the GPS coordinates to be

established using GPS coordinate survey.

a) Intent of this specification is to appoint an agency to carry out Geographical Information

System (GIS) based consumer indexing, mapping and asset-coding work in line with the

methodology broadly prescribed in Annexure-IV and already deployed, in the specified

areas of cities which were already covered in GIS for the modification in existing

network and editing of new consumers and HT/LT line added subsequently. Statistical

data and particulars of all the cities involved are indicated in Annexure-III.

b)

The field data collection for the LT customers shall be carried out Scope of the company

under this contract shall be to port the customer data with all the associated information,

asset data, mapped network diagram in graphical form, codification of all the above

entities (Assets, LT/HT customers etc.) hierarchically and integrate them into single

platform. The scope of works is described in more detail in the later part of this

document. The uniquely codified indexed customer and asset database on the electrical

system network showing the source of supply to the particular customer is to be prepared

in graphical form. It shall be the companys responsibility to ensure that each consumer,corresponding to point of sale of Power, is properly included and indexed. The codified

and indexed customer database along with network connectivity information, when

created and operational, shall be capable of being on line connected to other business

process software without any limitation


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5.2 Types of Surveys:

Coming to the field work there are different types of surveys in this field work. They are:

a) Network survey

1) HT network survey

2) LT network survey

b) DGPS survey

c) Consumer survey

d) Substation auditing

e) DTR auditing

5.2.1 Network survey:

a) HT network survey:In the HT network survey we gather the information of feeders corresponding to a

substation and also the details of all the distribution transformers such as DTR capacity,

location code and meter no, etc.., this type of survey helps in preparation of feeder sketches

In this survey the surveyor have to go along the HT network lines or feeder lines This is

the on field work we have locate the substation and identify the feeders going out from the

substation and we should draw the feeder sketch it should contain

1.

DTR 2. AB switches 3. HT services

HT survey details

a. Location name

b. DTR number

c. Capacity

d. DTRs meter number


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Fig 5.1 HT lines

b) LT network survey:

In the LT network survey we collect the detailed information of all the DTRs under a

particular feeder. We draw the LT network of each DTR by representing the connectivity

between all the poles of a particular DTR. We collect details such as pole painting code, number

of consumers for each pole.

Surveyor has to identify the DTRs clearly. In this HT services are the one which have thepower transformer before the DTR it should be identified and its landmark should be noted

When a DTR is located its landmark, its meter no, rated KVA are the minimum

requirements to be noted, AB switches should be clearly observed whether they are opened or

closed. After the neatly sketch should be completed and should be handed over as references for

DGPS surveying

The work in this survey is sketching the DTR network it include the components shown

below

1. Service point 2. Street light meter 3.Under ground cable


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a) In this the assigned person will draw the free hand sketch while moving along the

network LT lines arising from the respective distributed transformer and while

drawing the free hand sketch he has to indicate the number of service points for each

pole, pole number, underground cable, and street light meter if present like this the

process is done for each DTR for the respective feeder.

b)

After the completion of the all the DTRs of the respective feeder it should be

approved by the corresponding substation A.E then we can start the pole painting and

the respective company will look our all the new codes for the poles and installation

of the modems then the remaining work is done.

c) In the survey we should be specific about the three components as explained above.

In this there might transformers for the apartments they are specifically named as

dedicated DTRs these DTRs will not have any network they are simply dedicated to

power the particular apartment for which it is meant to be. For these DTRs we simply

have to count of the number of meters for that apartment; we can see the images of

the DTRs in the following pages:

LT Survey details:

a) DTR number

b) Pole painting code

c) Street light meter

d)

Underground cable representation

e) Number of consumers per pole

.


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Fig 5.2 LT Network

5.2.2 DGPS (Differential Global Positioning System) survey:

a) Equipments required to conduct DGPS survey:a) Mobile mapper

b)

Base station

c) Rover

A FEEDING OF DTR

B FEEDING


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b) Process of DGPS survey:

a) Using mobile mapper we locate the latitude and longitude of all the poles that

were represented in the sketches that were prepared by HT and LT network

survey team.

b)

The points that are collected using mobile mapper are not accurate so to improveaccuracy we collect another set of points using base station and rover.

c) Base station is fixed and rover is a movable device which we place it every pole

and we obtain Latitude and longitude details.

d) These both points are compared and difference in their coordinates is minimized

such that we obtain points with more accuracy.

e) Hence this survey is known as differential global positioning system.

These are the various components and steps that are involved in DGPS survey.

c)Technical Specification for GPS Survey and Customer Indexing:

Overview:

Building of GIS consists of three Tasks:

a) GPS Survey: Survey of electrical network with Global Positioning System and

preparation of Digital Map

b) Base Map: Preparation of Base map

c) Customer Indexing: Identifying pole No/ Service pole/pillar No. from which

service is released to customer

d) GPS Survey:

Availability of accurate distribution network map showing physical disposition and

configuration of network is a basic pre-requisite for analysis, planning, optimization and

study of the network. The Important activities of GPS survey and creation of digital map

of the network are listed below:

a) Company shall procure a GPS Base Station and adequate number of GPS Rovers and

establish a Base Station at a central place.

b) GPS base station and rovers used for survey shall be survey grade and shall provide

meters accuracy after differential correction. The company shall provide in the bid


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response the Make, Type, Model and number of instruments proposed to be used for

survey, with technical literature on instruments.

c) Surveyors shall walk along the HV and LV feeder with a GPS Rover and capture the

spatial position of the Pole, Distribution Transformer, Sub-station, Pump set and

Industries.

d)

Collect the attribute data to be acquired, while surveying. The bidder shall prepare

attribute data model for the GPS survey and obtain approval of the utility before

starting the work. The typical attribute data to be collected is shown below

e) Line: Conductor Type; Conductor size; Phase& wires; Type of support;

Configuration, HT/LT.

f) Distribution Transformer: Capacity; Make, Serial Number, Repairer Detail,

Percentage of impedance; HV protection; LV protection; Number of LV feeders; LV

feeder protection; transformer Mounting

g) Differential correction should be performed on spatial data captured.

h) Collect details of internal arrangement of all Sub-stations, Distribution Transformer

stations, Ring mains, four pole structures etc., and digitize them.

i) Cross check by supervisor of all the attribute data& spatial positions captured by the

surveyors to the minimum extent of 3%. The company should maintain the

documentary evidence of the cross check and submit it along the bill.

j) On completion of survey, map to the scale of 1:1000for cities, Urban and sub urban

areas & 1:2500 in Semi urban areas shall be printed and hard copies shall be

submitted for approval

k) Map shall be resubmitted, incorporating all the omissions pointed out by utility.

5.2.3 Consumer survey:

In consumer survey the surveyors gather all the necessary information about the customer.

i.e., the field surveyor gather all the persons collect information about the all the consumers in a

particular region.Here the surveyors go to the house of each and every consumer and collect

entire information of the owner along with the substation, residing region, meter reading,

location of the meter, brand of the meter, etc.


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5.2.3.1 Customer Indexing:

The location of customer on the network is basic requirement for providing reasonably

good customer service. The customer indexing or integration of geographic information system

and Customer information system is implemented by creating unique coding for each

pole/service pillar and identifying which customer is fed from which pole or Service pillar. The

customer indexing in turn will identify the feeder, substation through which customer gets his

supply. This information is of great help in Energy Audit, Trouble Call Management,

Transformer Load Management, Service Call Management, Network Planning, New Customer

Management ,Load Flow Analysis, SCADA Activities etc.,

a) The company shall use Personal Digital Assistants (PDA) or Hand Held Computers

(HHC) for customer indexing. The important activities of customer indexing are listed

below:

b) Surveyor shall walk along with the line and identify the customers to whom supply is

released from each pole / service pillar

c) The customer billing data given by the utility should be integrated with the GIS through

customer indexing.

d) The bidder shall submit transformer wise list of consumers

e) The data captured by the surveyor shall be crosschecked by the supervisor at least to the

extent of 1%. The company should maintain the documentary evidence of the cross check

and submit it along with the bill.

5.3 Outcomes of the field work:

The deliverables of all the above tasks are listed below:

a) Digital map of network of project area showing full detail of pole, transformer, AB

switch, Line, RMUs etc

b) Base map of project area overlaid with network map

c)

Creation of Spatial and non spatial data base for electrical objects and non electrical

objects

d) Build GIS of project area

e) Customer indexing, integrating GIS and CIS


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5.4 Observations during field exposure:

As a part of field exposure we have done network survey i.e., both LT and HT survey.

Under HT survey we prepared the HT sketches of feeders CHAITANYA NAGAR,

RESUVANIPALEM and MADDELAPALEM under MADDELAPALEM substation,

and APSEB feeder, PNT feeder and some others feeders under GURUDWAR substation.

In LT survey we prepared the LT sketches of all the DTRs of above mentioned feeders.

Under the DTR auditing we gather the information of each DTR such as DTR capacity,

DTR number, company, warranty etc.

Under substation auditing we gather the details of all the feeders under the particular

substation and also the information regarding the insulators in the particular feeder.


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5.4.1 Public DTR:

Below figure shows the practical connection of public distribution

transformer. I t contains electrical assets.

The Connectivity follows like this

Fig 5.3 Public DTR


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5.4.2 Apartment DTR:

Below figure shows the practical connection of apartment distribution transformer. It

contains electrical assets.

Fig 5.4 Apartment DTR


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5.4.3 HT Service:

Below figure shows the practical connection of high tension service. It contains electrical

assets.

Connectivity follows like this

Fig 5.5 HT SERVICE


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5.4.4 Old structure code:

Fig5.6 Old structure code

5.4.5 Distribution transformer number:

DTRNumber

Fig 5.7 Distribution Transformer Asset code


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5.5 Symbology used in field survey:

In field survey while preparing the sketches

Certain terminology must be followed for representing elements of the network.

a) Substation: The symbology to be used for representing substation is

b) Distribution transformer: It is represented by using notation

Care should be taken while taking the pole information such as pole painting code,

number of consumers and while dealing with AB switches.


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5.6 Example of HT Sketch:

Substation UG cable Distribution transformer

HT service

Fig 5.5 HT sketch drawn in field survey


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CONCLUSION

Through this effort, it is obvious that the integration of GIS and power system analysis

efforts provides added functionality to the management of utility systems. As competition

increases and as information technologies advance, a utilitys data becomes more and more

valuable as a corporate resource. As a result, sharing information becomes very important to the

efficiency of an organization. The technique of integration and the role of GIS within the

envelope of the entire information system can take many forms. However, through this research

it is apparent that on a basic level, incorporating a spatial component to power systems analysis

extends the capability into new areas.

More specifically, the integration with Distributions could be easily coordinated by the

creators of the software. Since Distributions is currently utilizing tabular data storage for the

entire model, it would be possible to coordinate the database with GIS to extend the capability of

the software. In its simplest form, Distribution systems could utilize Microsoft Access for its

primary template and its reporting mechanism. This simple step could greatly enhance the

capabilities of the tool. So, The Personal Geo Database comes into picture which is a very

essential form of the Output to be produced. All the Discrepancies that arise during Network

fixing & Digitization can be eliminated in PGDB module. To ensure a good quality of a file, we

need to produce a good quality of digitization.

Moreover GIS field has its own importance in Projects Like National Long Distance,

Land Bases etc., In any country it is a never & ever ending project as the details of GIS are

updated time to time( Instance to Instance).


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FUTURE SCOPE

RECOMMENDED PLAN OF ACTION to achieve financial viability in distribution of

Power by 2017:

This Project scheme should be extended to next plan period.

Apply to all towns above 30,000 population based on census 2011.Extended to all

peripheral areas of our project towns/cities.

Activate energy accounting on the basis of meters installed at 33 KV sub-stations

and 11 KV feeders based on the existing consumer database.

Replace existing non-electronic meters with electronic meters in a time bound manner.

Testing/validation of meters should cease to be the responsibility of the DISCOMS/

SEBs. Pre-paid meters to be introduced progressively.

Time of the Day (ToD) meter need to be introduced for HT and high value consumers.

Consumer meter boards ought to be installed outside the premises of the consumers as

far as possible.

Meter reading through automatic hand held meter reading instrument based on a

common protocol specified by CEA.

With regards to the Organizational and managerial structure, the report

recommends the Utilities to:

Develop in-house core team of IT experts who can work with IT Consultants.

Organizational structure and human resources required to handle the requirement

of new system as per the R-APDRP scheme be modified.


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BIBILOGRAPHY

[1] ArcGIS Electric Distribution Model.

Copyright Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. and Miner & Miner, 2001.

[2] Geospatial Reference magazine, Vol-2

http://www.geospatialworld.net

[3] Geospatial Reference magazine, Vol-6

five chapters

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