f’k{k.k ,d hkkaamoyh...

SRJIS/BIMONTHLY/ SHRI DIGAMBER GANPAT DURGADE (5801-5814)

MAY-JUNE 2017, VOL- 4/31 www.srjis.com Page 5801

f’k{k.k ,d HkkaaMoyh xaqro.kwd

Jh fnxacj x.kir nqxkZMs

lg;ksxh izk/;kid] fVGd f’k{k.k egkfo|ky;] iq.ks&411030

ekuoh lalk/ku fodklke/;s f’k{k.kkph Hkwfedk egRoiw.kZ vkgs- f’k{k.kkdMs miHkksX; jk”Vªh; xaqro.kwd Eg.kwu

ikfgys ikfgts- gh xaqro.kwd ns’kkP;k HkkaMoykpk egRoiw.kZ Hkkx vkgs- tkxfrdhdj.k] [kktxhdj.k vkf.k

mnkjhdj.kkeqGs txke/;s izpaM Li/kkZ fuekZ.k >kyh vkgs- xq.koRrsps] Kkukps o dkS’kY;kps ekinaM cnyys

vkgs- R;keqGs fodflr vkf.k vfodflr f’k{k.k O;oLFkk v’kh uoh njh fuekZ.k gks.;kph ‘kD;rk vkgs-

rh njh deh gks.;klkBh vkf.k f’k{k.kkOnkjs O;Drhpk o ns’kkpk fodkl lk/k.kslkBh f’k{k.kke/;s eksB;k

izek.kkoj HkkaMoyh xqaro.kwd dj.ks xjtsps vkgs- gh xaqro.kwd ns’kkP;k HkkaMoykpk egRoiw.kZ Hkkx vkgs-

egRokps ‘kCn % f’k{k.k] HkkaMoyh xaqro.kwd-

1- izLrkouk %

f’k{k.k gs ekuoh thoukyk ykHkysys ojnku vkgs- f’k{k.kkP;k ek/;ekrwup ekuo tkrhus izxrh

lk/; dsyh vkgs- f’k{k.kkeqGsp ekuo o brj izk.;kaP;k izxrhe/;s eksBk Qjd tk.korks- iwohZP;k

dkGh vktwcktwP;k lektkP;k ek/;ekrwup eqykauk f’k{k.k fnys tkr vls- vkSipkfjd

f’k{k.kkph i/nrh vfLrRokr vkyh uOgrh- izkphu dkGh jkT;kpk o f’k{k.kkpk laca/k uOgrk-

R;k dkGkr xq:dwy i/nrh fdaok vkJe i/nrh izpfyr gksrh- ckS/n dkGkr o xqIr dkGkr

f’k{k.kkps izek.k [kwip ok<ys- ukyank] r{k’khyk oyHkh ;k lkj[kh izpaM eksBh o txizfl/n

Scholarly Research Journal's is licensed Based on a work at www.srjis.com

Abstract

http://www.srjis.com/srjis_new/www.srjis.com

http://www.srjis.com/srjis_new/www.srjis.com



fon;kihBs LFkkiu >kyh- R;kauk rRdkyhu xqIr vkfn lezkVkadMwu loZ izdkjps lgk¸; feGs- ijarq

f’k{k.k laLFkkaps dk;Z Lora= o Lok;Ÿk gksrs-

vkSn;ksfxdhdj.kkeqGs thoukps Lo:ip cnyys- mithfodslkBh] uksdÚ;kalkBh vkf.k

O;olk;klkBh f’k{k.k ?ks.ks vko’;d >kys vkgs- f’k{k.k gk fodklkpk ik;k vkgs vls ekuys

tkow ykxys- R;keqGs jkT; laLFksykgh f’k{k.kkdMs y{k ns.ks xjtsps okVw ykxys- ‘kS{kf.kd

fodkl gs yksd dY;k.kdkjh jkT;kps vR;ar egRoiw.kZ drZO; cuys vkgs- f’k{k.kkdMs ikg.;kpk

yksd’kkghpk n`f”Vdksu mnkj vkgs- f’k{k.k Lok;Ÿk vlkos vls yksd’kkghps iqjLdrZs ekurkr-

Hkkjrkr f’k{k.k o jkT;O;oLFkk ;kapk toGpk laca/k izLFkkfir >kysyk fnlwu ;srks- f’k{k.kklkBh

[kpZ vko’;d vlyk rjh rks vuqRiknd vkgs] v’kh lektkr /kkj.kk gksrh- tkxfrdhdj.kkpk

mn; >kyk vkgs- R;keqGs f’k{k.kkph xq.koŸkkgh tkxfrd ntkZph vlY;kph xjt Hkklw ykxyh

vkgs-

2- tkxfrdhdj.k vkf.k f’k{k.k %

vktps tx gs izpaM osxkus cnyr vkgs- [kktxhdj.k] mnkjhdj.k o tkxfrdhdj.kkps okjs l/;k

txkr lxGhdMsp okgr vkgsr- tkxfrdhdj.kkeqGs vkt loZp {ks=kr izpaM Li/kkZ fuekZ.k >kyh

vkgs- f’k{k.k {ks=gh R;kr ekxs ukgh- ljdkjus vusd {ks=ke/;s [kktxhdj.kkpk iqjLdkj dsyk

vkgs- f’k{k.k {ks=ke/;sgh Qkj eksB;k izek.kkoj [kktxhdj.k >kysys vkgs- izpaM HkkSfrd lks;h

lqfo/kk] ra=Kkukpk izHkkoh okij] mŸke f’k{kd] Li/kkZRed okrkoj.k] iaprkjkafdr laLd`rh ;kauh

f’k{k.k {ks=ke/;s izos’k dsyk vkgs- vFkZ’kkL=h; fl/nkarkuqlkj cktkjke/;s iw.kZ Li/kkZ vlsy rj

loZp ykHkkFkhZaps fgr lk/kys tkow ‘kdrs- ek= HkkjrkP;k f’k{k.k {ks=ke/;s tj dkgh Bjkfod

/kunkaMX;k o ijns’kh f’k{k.k laLFkkaph eDrsnkjh fuekZ.k >kyh o lhekar xaqro.kwd vl.kkÚ;k

laLFkk ;k Li/ksZr fVdko u ykxY;kewGs ckgsj iMY;kl ;k egkxM;k ‘kkGkaph HkjelkB Qh

Hkj.ks] NksVs ‘ksrdjh] vla?kVhr {ks=kr dke dj.kkjs etwj] xjhc] vkfnoklh] deh mRiUu



vl.kkÚ;k yksdkauk ijoM.kkj ukgh- dkj.k dkgh ‘kkGkaph okf”kZd Qh yk[kk s :Ik;kai;Zar vkgs-

rso<s mRiUu ,d o”kkZarlq/nk dqVwackyk feGr ukgh- ex vls ikyd eqykaP;k f’k{k.kkph Qh

d’kh Hkj.kkj\ ;k ifjfLFkrhe/;s vkfFkZd o ‘kS{kf.kd fo”kerseqGs Hkkjrkr xjhc&Jhear]

vkgsjs&ukfgjs oxkZr Qkj eksBh njh fuekZ.k gksow ‘kdrs- R;keqGs lkekftd LokLFkkyk /kksdk

iksgkspw ‘kdrks- izpaM ‘kqYd vl.kkÚ;k ‘kkGkae/;s xjhcheqGs eqykauk izos’k u feGkY;kl o

R;kposGh ljdkjh o R;kxkP;k Hkkousrwu dke dj.kkÚ;k ‘kkGk can iMY;kl fdaok R;kaph

la[;k ?kVr xsY;kl iqUgk ‘kS{kf.kd xq.koŸkse/;s eksBh fo”kerk fuekZ.k gksbZy- R;klkBh

f’k{k.kkps lkoZf=dhdj.k] xq.koŸkkiw.kZ f’k{k.k o ns’kkrhy euq”;cGkpk uhVi.ks fodkl

lk/kk;pk vlsy rj f’k{k.kke/;s ljdkjyk HkkaMoyh xaqro.kwd djkohp ykxsy- ljdkjus

f’k{k.kke/khy xaqro.kwd Fkkacoyh] f’k{k.k {k s=krwu gGwgGw vax dk<wu ?ksrys vkf.k fuxqZaro.kwdhps

/kksj.k Lohdkjys rj lkekU; yksdkaiklwu f’k{k.k nwj tk.;kl osG ykx.kkj ukgh-

fouksck Hkkos f’k{k.kklanHkkZr Eg.krkr] ^^ns’kkph lokZar eksBh laiŸkh tfeuhP;k iksVkr nMysyh

ulwu rh ek.klkP;k MksD;kr nMysyh vkgs**

xq.koŸkkiw.kZ f’k{k.kkOnkjsp txkph egklŸkk cu.;kP;k fn’ksus Hkkjrkyk vkxsdwp djrk ;sbZy-

l/;k ljdkj ;k {ks=kr dkgh izek.kkr xaqro.kwd djr vkgs- ek= rh viqjh vkgs- vtwugh

‘kkGk [kksY;k] ‘kkSpky;s] dzhMkax.ks] fo|qr O;oLFkk] fi.;kps ik.kh ;klj[;k izkFkfed HkkSfrd

lks;hlqfo/kk vusd ‘kkGkae/kwu miyC/k ukghr- R;klkBh f’k{k.kke/;s HkkaMoyh xaqro.kwd

vko’;d vkgs-

Lokeh foosdkuan Eg.krkr] “If the poor boy cannot come to education, education must

go to him”

tj xjhc eqys f’k{k.kki;Zar iksgkspw ‘kdr ulrhy rj f’k{k.kkus R;k aP;ki;Zar iksgkspys ikfgts-

Eg.ktsp jkT;krhy izR;sd O;Drhi;Zar f’k{k.k iksgkspfo.ks gs ‘kklukps drZO; vkgs- R;klkBh



‘kklukus f’k{k.kkyk vko’;d rks vFkZiqjoBk dsyk ikfgts- rlsp f’k{k.kklkBh vko’;d

HkkSfrd lqfo/kk vkf.k ekuoh lalk/kus rGkxkGkrhy O;Drhi;Zar d’kh iksgksprhy ;kph dkGth

?ksryh ikfgts- R;klkBh f’k{k.k vkf.k vFkZiqjoBk ;kaP;kr leUo; lk/kkok ykxsy R;klkBh

‘kS{kf.kd vFkZ’kkL= R;ke/;s mi;qDr Hkwfedk ctkow ‘kdsu-

3- f’k{k.k vkf.k vFkZ’kkL=%

vFkZ’kkL=K ^vWMe fLeFk* ;kauh vkiY;k la’kk/kukOnkjs vls fl/n dsys dh] f’k{k.kke/khy

xaqro.kwd vuqRiknd rj ulrsp myVi{kh rh mRiknu ok<hlkBh vko’;d vlrs] f’k{k.kkrwu

O;fDrP;k cq/nhpk o dk;Z{kerspk tks fodkl fodkl gksrks rks jk”VªkP;k vkfFkZd fodklkl

lgk¸;Hkwr Bjrks] ;kcjkscjp ^vWMe fLeFk* ;kauh jk”VªfufeZrhP;k dk;kZr f’k{k.kkl vxzdze

ns.;kpk vkxzg /kjyk gksrk- Hkkjrh; vFkZ’kkL=K ^izk- Ogh- ds- jko* ;kaP;k ers f’k{k.kkdMs

miHkksX; oLrw Eg.kwu u ikgrk jk”Vªh; xaqro.kwd Eg.kwu ikfgys ikfgts- dks.kR;kgh ns’kkph

vkfFkZd izxrh gh rks ns’k vkiyh f’k{k.kO;oLFkk fdrh ifj.kkedkjdi.ks jkcorks ;koj voy acwu

vlrs- f’k{k.kO;oLFkk tj ;ksX; vlsy rj R;kph ifj.khrh ns’kkph laiŸkh ok<fo.;kr gksrs- ts

jk”Vª vkiY;k jk”Vªh; mRiUukrhy eksBk fgLlk f’k{k.kkoj [kpZ djrs rs jk”Vª vkfFkZd

izxrhgh vf/kd djrs- ;k myV f’k{k.kkojhy [kpkZr dikr dj.kkjs jk”Vª mRiknukP;k o

fodklkP;k n`”Vhus ekxkl jkgrs- izk- gkjfclu o ek;lZ ;kauh f’k{k.k o vkfFkZd fodklklaca/kh

foLr`r ekfgrh xksGk d:u f’k{k.k funssZ’kkad o vkfFkZd funsZ’kkad ;kaP;krhy ijLij laca/k

Li”V dj.;kpk iz;Ru dsyk- ;krwu R;kauh fonhr dsys dh] f’k{k.kkpk funZs’kkad tj mPp

ikrGhoj vlsy rj vkfFkZd izxrhpk funsZ’kkadgh ojP;k ikrGhoj vlrks-

dks.kR;kgh ns’kkpk fodkl gk R;k ns’kkr miyC/k vlysY;k xq.koŸkkiw.kZ HkkaMoykoj voyacwu

vlrks o gs xq.koŸkkiw.kZ HkkaMoy fuekZa.k dj.;kph tckcnkjh eq[;Rosd:u f’k{k.k ikj ikMr

vlrs- ns’kkP;k rkRdkfyd xjtk dks.kR;k vkgsr- rlsp dks.kR;k izdkjph dkS’kY;s Hkfo”;kr


MAY-JUNE 2017, VOL- 4/31 www.srjis.com 805

vko’;d vkgsr ;k ckchapk fopkj d:u ifj.kkedkjd f’k{k.k ;kstuk vk[k.;kr vkyh rj

jk”VªkP;k izxrhl pkyuk feGrs-

FkksMD;kr f’k{k.kkeqGs O;fDrP;k dk;Z{kersr] mRiknu {kersr ok< gksÅu jk”Vªkl izR;{k o

vizR;{kjhR;k Qk;ns gksrkr Eg.kwu jk”VªfodklklkBh f’k{k.kkdMs nqyZ{k d:u pky.kkj ukgh

^vkYQzsM ek’kZy* ;kaP;k ers f’k{k.kkoj gks.kkjk [kpZ gk [kpZ ulwu jk”Vªh; xaqro.kwd vkgs-

R;klkBh xq.koŸkkiw.kZ f’k{k.k ns.ks vko’;d vkgs-

fczVu e/khy 1985 P;k uohu bUlk;DyksihfM;k uqlkj ^^v/;kiu gk txkrhy lokZr eksBk

O;olk; vkgs- tltlk ekuoh fodkl gksr xsyk] rlrlk f’k{k.kkr vkf.k ‘kS{k.khd i/nrhr

y{k.kh; cny gksr xsyk- loksZd`”V vuqdwy ekuoh L=ksrkapk okij dj.;kph xjt Hkklw

ykxyh- R;klkBh f’k{k.kkps fu;kstu vkf.k R;klkBh vFkZ iqjoBk ;kdMs y{k ns.ks vko’;d

cuys-

1963 e/;s Vh- CY;w ‘kYV> ;kauh f’k{k.k o vkfFkZd fodkl ;kapk fudVpk laca/k vlY;kps

lkafxrys- R;kps er o fopkj vFkZ’kkL=Kkauk iVys- rsOgkiklwu f’k{k.kkP;k fodklkdMs

tkx:drsus ikghys xsys- ekSY;oku v’kk ‘kS{kf.kd vkLFkkiuke/;s vFkZ’kkL=kpk lekos’k dsyk

xsyk- iwohZ f’k{k.kkpk dy QDr lkaLd`frd f’k{k.kkdMs >qdysyk gksrk- g;k uohu

n`”VhdksukeqGs f’k{k.k gs vFkZ’kkL=kP;k x.krh ¼eksteki½ P;k iyhdMs vkgs vls ekuys xsys

rlsp f’k{k.kke/;s ewY; o ijrkok g;kaP;k is{kk fdrhrjh O;kid vFkZ nMY;kps Lohdkjys vkgs-

4- ekuoh lalk/ku fodklkpk vkfFkZd n`f”Vdksu %

vk/kqfud ;qxkr ekuoh lalk/ku fodklkP;k vkfFkZd n`f”Vdksukl [kwi eksBk bfrgkl vkf.k mPp

ntkZph oSpkfjd ikrGh ykHkysyh vkgs- vWMe fLeFk ;kauh vls n’kZfoy s dh] O;DrhP;k {kerk

g;k R;kyk f’k{k.kklkBh miyC/k >kysY;k la/khoj voyacwu vkgsr- 1950 P;k n’kdkr fodkl

dsanzh ekuoh lalk/ku fodkl i/nrhus uohu vkfFkZd fodklkyk O;kiys] ¼fg”kZeu 1981 ysohl



1965] feMjy 1968½ rlsp rsOgkiklwu ekuoh HkkaMoykojhy vFkZ’kkL=Kkaps fopkj o fy[kk.k

ok<ys- ¼mnk- ukscy ikfjrksf”kd fotsrs veR;Zlsu½ lsu lkj[;k fopkjoarkauh O;DrhP;k

ik;kHkwr {kerk o vf/kdkj ;kaP;k fo’ys”k.kkoj Hkj fnyk-

lsu ¼1992½ ;kaP;k erkuqlkj O;DrhP;k ik;kHkwr {kerk o vf/kdkj foLr`r dj.;klkBh

O;Drhyk fodflr djk] ts.ksd:u lektkpk o vFkZO;oLFkspk fodkl gksbZy- nqlÚ;k ‘kCnkr

lkaxk;ps rj] ekuoh lalk/ku fodklkpk n`f”Vdksu gk fodklkP;k brj egRokP;k ?kVdkapk

milap vkgs vkf.k O;Drhps vf/kdkj o {kerk ok<fo.;kP;k eksB;k mfn~n”Vkoj vk/kfjr vkgs-

O;olkf;d o`/nh o vkfFkZd fodklkP;k ladqfpr n`f”Vdksukis{kk gk n`f”Vdksu osxGk vkgs-

vkarjjk”Vªh; uk.ksfu/kh vkf.k tkxfrd cWadslkj[;k vkarjjk”Vªh; laLFkkauh 1990 Ik;Zar ;kyk

izk/kkU; fnys- ;k varxZr eqDr cktkjisBk vkf.k O;kikj gs vkfFkZd o`/nh o fodklklkBh

vko’;d vkgs vls lqpfoys xsys- ;kr fodklkps ekud ^^ldy ns’kkarxZr mRiUu** vls

Bjfoys- ^^ldy ns’kkarxZr mRiUu** gs forj.kkP;k eqn~n;koj dkghgh ekfgrh nsr ukgh] dks.kkyk

fdrh Qk;nk feGkyk o dks.kkyk fujksxh jkg.;kph {kerk izkIr >kyh] b- cn~ny ekfgrh nsr

ukgh- ldy ns’kkarxZr mRiUu ok<hlkBh xq.koRrkiw.kZ f’k{k.kkph vko’;dzrk vlrs-

4-1 ekuohlalk/ku fodklkph xjt %& ekuoh lalk/ku fodkl] f’k{k.k] izf’k{k.k vkf.k

vk;q”;HkjklkBh v/;;ukP;k /kksj.kkeqGs

v½ vk;q”;Hkj v/;;u o dke/kank dj.;kph {kerk gs lq;ksX; m|ksx fuekZ.k dj.;klkBh

vkf.k fujarj vkfFkZd o lkekftd fodkl lk/k.;klkBhP;k /kksj.kkapk Hkkx vkgsr] vls ekuys

xsys-

c½ vkfFkZd o lkekftd mfn~n”Vkauk leku egRo nsÅu oSf’odj.kkP;k lanHkkZr v[kaM

vkfFkZd fodkl] Kku o dkS’kY;kaoj vk/kkfjr {kerkapk fodkl] ;ksX; dkekph ok<] uksdjh

fVdfo.ks] lkekftd vkarjfdz;k vkf.k xjhch gVko bR;knhauk izksRlkgu feGkys-



d½ uohu midze] Li/kkZRedrk] mRikndrk] vkfFkZd o`/nh] pkaxY;k uksdÚ;kaph fufeZrh vkf.k

yksdkaph uksdjh dj.;kph ik=rk ;koj fnysyk Hkj uohu midze o uksdjhP;k la/kh fuekZ.k

djrks- R;klkBh f’k{k.kkr uO;k n`”Vhdksukph o izf’k{k.k dkS’kY;kaph vko’;drk vkgs-

M½ vukSipkfjd vkfFkZd O;oLFksps eq[; vkfFkZd thoukr :ikarj dj.;klkBhps vkOgku]

uohu pkaxY;k uksdÚ;k fuekZ.k dj.;klkBhph /kksj.ks o dk;Zdze] f’k{k.k o izf’k{k.kkP;k la/kh

rlsp vk/kh feGfoysys Kku o dkS’kY;kapk vkSipkfjd vkfFkZd O;oLFksr okij dj.;klkBh

deZpkÚ;kauk enr dj.ks vko’;d vkgs-

b½ lkoZtfud o [kktxh xaqro.kwdhoj Hkj ns.ks & ekfgrh o ra=KkukPkk f’k{k.k o

izf’k{kkrhy ik;kHkwr xjtkalkBh rlsp f’k{kd o izf’k{kdkauk izf’k{k.k ns.;klkBh LFkkfud]

jk”Vªh; o vkarjjk”Vªh; vkarjtkykpk mi;ksx djkok-Q½ f’k{k.k o izf’k{k.kkP;k lgHkkxkrhy

rQkor deh djkoh- bR;knh ojhy ckchaeqGs ekuoh lalk/ku fodklkph vko’;drk y{kkr ;srs-

4-2 brj lalk/kukaP;k lanHkkZr ekuoh HkkaMoy %

cgqrsd yksdkalkBh HkkaMoy Eg.kts cWadsrhy [kkrh] Hkkx ;a=lkeqxzh] vkfFkZd HkkaMoy o dkj[kkus

b- vlrs- gs loZ HkkaMoykpsp izdkj vkgsr vkf.k rs dkykrjkus Qk;nsp d:u nsrkr] gs izdkj

Eg.ktsp dsoG HkkaMoy ukgh rj ‘kkGk f’kd.ks] lax.kd izf’k{k.k dk;Zdze] vkjksX; fo”k;d

[kpZ] oDr’khji.kk vkf.k izkekf.kdi.kk b- xks”Vhlq/nk HkkaMoysp vkgsr- dkj.k R;keqGs mRiUu

ok<rs- izd`rh lq/kkjrs fdaok O;Drhyk vk;q”;HkjklkBh pkaxY;k lo;h tMrkr- Eg.kwup

vFkZ’kkL=kr f’k{k.k] izf’k{k.k] vkjksX; b- [kpZ gs ekuoh HkkaMoykrhy xaqro.kwd vkgs vls

letys tkrs-

f’k{k.k] izf’k{k.k vkf.k vkjksX; gs ekuoh HkkaaMoykrhy lokZr eksBh xaqro.kwd vkgs- vusd

vH;klkrwu vls fnlwu vkysys vkgs dh] vesfjdse/;s ‘kkGk o egkfo|ky;krhy f’k{k.kkeqGs

O;Drhps mRiUu ok<ysys vkgs-



4-3 fodklkps rŸo %

ns’kkpk fodklkP;k izdzh;sph fuf’prh [kkyhy rhu rRokOnkjs gksrs-

1½ vFkZ 2½ f’k{k.k 3½ lqla?kVhr jkT;O;oLFkk

;k rhu rRokaP;k f=dks.kh laca/kkaP;k lgHkkxkus lektkrhy izxrhps] fodklkps o cnykps

fu;kstu djrk ;srs-

vFkZZ] f’k{k.k o lqla?kVhr jkT;O;oLFkk gh dks.kR;kgh ns’kkps lokZr eksBs ‘kDrhLFkku vkgs- rs

,d izHkkoh lk/ku vkgs- g;k ‘kDrh LFkkukeqGs ldkjkRed o udkjkRed cny gksÅ ‘kdrkr-

yksdkauk lqfo/kk iqjfo.;klkBh g;k f=dks.kh; L=ksrkapk tkLrhr tkLr mi;ksx dsyk ikfgts-

;kpkp vFkZ f=dks.kkP;k izR;sd cktwus vkiY;k ijhus Lor%’kh ldkjkRed i z;Ru dsyk rj

moZjhr nksu cktwapk vkiksvki ;ksX; fodkl gksbZy-

5- f’k{k.k ,d xaqro.kwd :

f’k{k.kke/;s dsysY;k xqaro.kwdhe/kwup vkfFkZd izxrh lk/kyh tkrs- f’k{k.kke/kwu r;kj >kysys

euq”;cG Kku] dkS’kY; o ok<ysY;k {kerk ;keqGs jk”VªkP;k vkfFkZd mRiUuke/;s Hkj

?kky.;kps dke djrs- f’k{k.kke/kwu pkaxY;k izdkjpk ijrkok feGok;pk vlsy rj f’k{k.kke/;s

eksB;k izek.kkoj vkfFkZd xqaro.kwd dj.ks vko’;d vkgs-

1- f’k{k.kkeqGs O;fDrph ewY;s] vfHko`Ÿkh] vfHk:ph o dkS’kY;s ;kaps fodlu gksrs- R;keqGs

R;kaph dk;Z{kerk ok<rs uohu la/kh] uohu Kku] ra=Kku ;kauk lkeksjs tk.;kph o rs

fLodkj.;kph {kerk f’k{k.k fuekZ.k djrs-

2- ‘kklukrQsZ vkiY;k izkFkfed xjtk vUu] o+L=] fuokjk Hkkxfo.;klkBh dk;Zdze vk[kys

tkrkr] R;kl f’k{k.kkOnkjs ikBhack fnyk tkrks-

3- ‘kklu fofo/k dY;k.kdkjh ;kstuk jkcfors- ¼mnk- dqVwac dY;k.k dk;Zdze] yksdla[;k

fu;a=.k½ f’k{k.kkeqGs yksdk apk v’kk ;kstukauk ikBhack feGfork ;srks-



4- f’k{k.k lkŸk;kus O;fDrl izf’k{k.k o izxr KkukP;k lqfo/kk iqjfors rlsp cnyR;k

tkxfrd okrkoj.kkl lkeksjs tk.;kl O;Drhl fl/n d:u lektkP;k fodklkr fo/kk;d

Hkwfedk ctkor vlrs-

5-1 f’k{k.k vkf.k mRiknu {kerk %

vFkZ’kkL= o f’k{k.krTK ;k nksgksaP;k fopkjkrwup f’k{k.k iz.kkyh Bjr vlrs- vFkZO;oLFksrhy

fufeZrhph izfdz;k vkf.k vkSipkjhd f’k{k.kkrhy iz.kkyh ;kaph rqyuk] fu.kZ; izfdz;k o

mfn~n”V;s ;kaP;ka’kh dsyh tkrs- nqlÚ;k ‘kCnkr lkaxk;ps Eg.kts vkSipkfjd f’k{k.k iz.kkyh gh

vkS|ksxhd iz.kkyh izek.ksp dzec/n vlrs- mnk- ,dk fBdk.kkgwu izkIr gks.kkÚ;k dPP;k oLrwps

nqlÚ;k fBdk.kh iDD;k oLrqr :ikarj gksrs- nksUgh cktwpk fopkj d:u R;k oLrwps ewY; Bjfoys

tkrs- ;kph rqyuk vkSipkfjd f’k{k.kk’kh djrk ;sÅ ‘kdsy- dPP;k ekykP;k :ikr fo|kFkhZ

f’k{k.k izfdz;sr izos’k djrkr uarj f’k{kd] iqLrds] vH;kldze o ‘kS{kf.kd lk/kukaOnkjs

R;kaP;koj ¼ewY;½ izfdz;k gksrs vkf.k izR;sd Lrjkoj R;kaP;k fu”iŸkhps izkIrkadkOnkjs o

izke.ki=kaOnkjs ewY;kadu dsys tkrs-

vFkZ’kkL=kr mRiknu{kersP;k ladYiusph vksG[k gh dehr deh fdaerhrwu tkLrhr tkLr

mRiknu {kerk ¼fufeZrh½ v’kh dsyh tkrs-

dehr deh xaqro.kwdhrwu tkLrhr tkLr mRiknu feGfo.;kph izfdz;k Eg.kts

mRiknu{kerk gks;-

;kp i/nrhpk f’k{k.kkr mi;ksx djrk ;sÅ ‘kdrks- vFkZ’kkL=K R;klkBh varxZeu o

cfgxZeukps fo’ys”k.k iq<hyizek.ks djrkr-

varxZeu (Input) cfgxZeu (Output)



mnk- lkoZtfud f’k{k.k laLFksrhy mRiknu {kerk mRiknhr dj.;klkBh dehr deh fdaerhr

tkLrhr tkLr lk/kukapk okij dsyk tkrks- R;klkBh miyC/k lk/ku laiŸkhpk xjtkae/;s Qsjcny

d:u [kpZ dj.;kr ;srks-

1- ‘kS{kf.kd mRiknu {kerk gh ‘kS{kf.kd fu”iŸkhps ifj.kkedkjd o dk;Z{ke mRiknu

vkgs- ^^mRiknu {kerk Eg.kts ‘kkGsP;k :ikus iqjfoysyh pkaxyh ekfgrh o izHkko ikM.kkjs brj

fofo/k ?kVd fu;af=r Bsowu izkIr >kysyh ‘kS{kf.kd fu”iŸkh gks;-**

vFkZ’kkL=h; f’k{k.kkpk izlkj djrsosGh b-l- 1960 P;k lqekjkl tsOgk vki.k mRiknu

{kersfo”k;h cksyr gksrks rsOgk ‘kwYV ~> ¼1963½ ;kapk vlk fo’okl gksrk dh] yksd gs

mRiknd vkgsr o xzkgd gs xaqro.kwdnkj vkgsr] gs dk;Z rs R;kaP;k {kersuqlkj djhr vlrkr-

ekuoh HkkaMoykrhy lokZr eksBh xaqro.k wd Eg.kts ‘kkGk v’kk osGh mRikndrk o f’k{k.k ;kpk

laca/k QDr x`fgr /kjyk tkrks- vls vlrkauk vkt vki.k iqjs’kk iqjkO;kOnkjs vls fl/n d:

‘kdrks dh] ekuoh HkkaMoy dsanzLFkkuh Bsowu txkph vFkZO;oLFkk cnyr vkgs- ra=KkukP;k

cnykeqGs o lax.kdkP;k laca/khr baVjusV] bZ&yfuZax] OgP;qZvy Dykl:e ¼vkHkklh oxZ½ vkf.k

ra= foKkukP;k cnykeqGs rlsp vk/kqfud o mPp ra=KkukeqGs ekuoh HkkaMoykr dkGkuq:i cny

>kysys vkgsr- vyhdMhy vH;klkuqlkj osYp ¼1970½ vkf.k ‘kqYV> ¼1975½ ;kauh vls

fl/n dsys dh] ra=foKku fdaok R;kr gks.kkjs cny vkf.k mRiknu{kersr gks.kkjh ok< ;kr

lerksyi.kk lk/k.;klkBh f’k{k.k enr djhr vkgs-

vWMe fLeFk ;kaP;k ers f’k{k.kkojhy xqaro.kwd gh mRiknd vlrs- jk”VªkaP;k vkfFkZd fodklkr

lgk¸;Hkwr vlrs vkf.k rh ns’kkP;k ,dw.k HkkaMoykpk ,d Hkkx vkgs-

izk- Ogh- ds- jko f’k{k.kkdMs miHkksX; oLrw Eg.kwu u ikgrk jk”Vªh; xqaro.kwd Eg.kwu ikfgys

ikfgts] ts jk”Vª f’k{k.kkoj jk”Vªh; mRiUukpk eksBk fgLlk [kpZ djrs R;k jk”Vªkph izxrh

gksrs] vls Eg.krkr-



izk- gkfcZlu o ek;lZ ;kauh f’k{k.k funZs’kkad mPp vlsy rj vkfFkZd izxrhpk funZs’kkadgh ojP;k

ikrGhoj vlrks vlk fopkj ekaMyk- rj vkYQszM ek’kZy ;kauh f’k{k.kkoj gks.kkjk [kpZ gk [kpZ

ulwu jk”Vªh; xqaro.kwd vkgs v’kh Hkwfedk ekaMyh-

Vh- MCY;q- ‘kqYV~> ;kaP;k ers f’k{k.k o vkfFkZd fodkl ;kapk fudVpk laca/k vkgs- rj veR;Z

lsu ;kauh vlk fopkj ekaMyk dh] O;DrhP;k ik;kHkwr {kerk o vf/kdkj fodflr dj.kslkBh

O;Drhyk fodflr djk ts.ksd:u lektkpk o vkfFkZd ?kMhpk fodkl gksbZy-

ojhy fofo/k vFkZrKkauh f’k{k.kke/khy vkfFkZd xqaro.kwdhps egRo fo’kn dsys- f’k{k.kke/khy

HkkaMoyh xqaro.kwdhps izek.k tso<s ok<sy rso<h f’k{k.kkph mRikndrk ok<sy- ns’kkpk vkfFkZd

fodkl lk/kyk tkbZy- izLrqr la’kks/kuke/;sgh ftYgk ifj”knsP;k vFkZladYike/;s f’k{k.k

fo”k;d rjrwnh o f’k{k.kkph xq.koRrk ok< ;k n`”Vhus vH;kl dsysyk vkgs- R;k n`”Vhus

ojhy lS/nkafrd ik’oZHkweh lnjP;k vH;klkl mi;qDr vkgs-

5-2 f’k{k.kkrhy xqaro.kwd ladYiuk miiŸkh%

vWMe fLeFk] MsfOgM g;we] fjdkMkZs] ekYFkl~] tkWu LV;qvVZ fey] eWd dWyhp ;k ikjaikfjd

vFkZ’kkL=Kkauh f’k{k.kkrwu O;Drhe/;s leatli.kk lq/kkj.kk ?kMowu vk.krk ;srs ;kfo”k;h leFkZu

dsys vkgs- eWd dWyhp ;kauh R;kaph jk”Vªh; HkkaMoykph O;k[;k Li”V djrkuk ^f’k{k.kkeqGs

gLrdkS’kY;s o cq/nheŸksr ok< gksrs* vls EgVys vkgs-

;kf’kok; IysVks] vWfjLVkWVy vkf.k lsaV FkkWel ;kauh lq/nk f’k{k.k] izf’k{k.k vkf.k vkfFkZd

ewY;s ;kaP;k laca/kkyk ekU;rk fnyh- f’k{k.kkyk izksRlkgu ns.;klkBh ljdkjh vuqnkukP;k xjtsoj

Hkj fnyk-

vWMe fLeFk ;kauh f’k{k.k gs ;a=kizek.ksp fLFkj HkkaMoykpkp ,d Hkkx vkgs vlk uohu

fopkj ekaMyk vkgs- R;kaP;k ers & eksB;k [kpkZP;k ;a=lkeqxzhP;k rqyusr m|kstdkus

f’k{k.kkOnkjs dkexkjkae/;s gLrdkS’kY;s o brj dkS’kY;kaP;k :to.kwdhlkBh vf/kdpk [kpZ dj.ks



vko’;d vkgs- f’k{k.k o izf’k{k.k gh oLrqP;k Lo:ikrhy vknkus ekuyh tkrkr vkf.k

[kfpZd ;a=lkeqxzhizek.ksp f’k{k.kke/;s xqaro.kwd dj.kkÚ;kdMwu ;k xqaro.kwdhoj u¶;kP;k

Lo:ikr ijrkok feGkok] v’kh vis{kk dsyh tkrs-

5-3 ekuoh HkkaMoy izfreku

1960 P;k n’kdke/;s JekP;k vFkZ’kkL=kckcr dkgh ufou o egRoiw.kZ fopkj ekaMys xsys-

‘kwYV~>] csdj] Msfulu ;k vFkZ’kkL=Kkauh vf/kd ‘kkL=h; o rdZlqlaxr v’kk ekuoh HkkaMoy

ladYiusyk vkdkj fnyk- R;kauh vFkZ’kkL=ke/;s fodklklanHkkZr ekuoh HkkaMoykP;k toG

tk.kkjk uok n`”Vhdksu Li”V dsyk-

28 fMlsacj] 1960 e/;s lsaV yqbZl ;sFks HkjysY;k vesfjdu vlksfl,’kuP;k 73 O;k

okf”kZd lHksP;k mn~?kkVuij v/;{kh; Hkk”k.kke/;s ‘kwYV~> ;kauh iq<hy er ekaMys &

^^O;Drh ts Kku o dkS’kY;s vkRelkr djrs rs vkRelkr dsysys Kku o dkS’kY;s Eg.ktsp

HkkaMoy vls Li”Vi.ks ekuys tkr ulys] rjh gs Kku o dkS’kY; Eg.ktsp lgsrqdi.ks o

fopkjiwoZd dsysyh ekuoh HkkaMoyke/khy xqaro.kwd gks;-**

ik’pkR; lektke/;s ikjaikfjd HkkaMoykis{kk ¼ekuojfgr fdaok HkkSfrd½ ekuoh HkkaMoykeqGs

vFkZO;oLFksph osxkus ok< gksrs- gs ekuoh HkkaMoykps osxGsi.k n’kZfo.kkjs oSf’k”V;s ekuys tkrs-

lqKi.kkus fujh{k.k dsY;kl vls fnlwu ;srs dh] jk”Vªh; mRuiknukr gks.kkÚ;k ok<hph rqyuk

eksB;k izek.kkoj tehu] ekuoh rkl o iqUgk mRiknu djrk ;s.kkjh HkkSfrd lk/kus ;kaP;k ok<h’kh

dsyh tkrs- ek= jk”Vªh; mRiknukr osxkus gks.kkjh ok< gh ekuoh HkkaMoykr gks.kkÚ;k

xqaro.kwdheqGs gksr vlrs- vls laHkkO; Li”Vhdj.k nsrk ;sbZy- rlsp R;kauh v’kk izdkjs

;qDrhokn dsyk dh] f’k{k.kke/khy cnykpk ifj.kke mRiUukrhy cnykoj gksrks- f’k{k.kkr

>kysY;k ok<hpk ifj.kke feGdrhP;k ok<hr gksrks-



5-4 ekuoh HkkaMoy miiŸkh n`”Vhdksu

‘kwYV> ;akuh ikjaikfjd Kkuke/;s uO;k ‘kk[ksph Hkj ?kkywu vkiys ;ksxnku nsrkuk iq<hyizek.ks

er O;Dr dsys &

1- v/;;u izfdz;sOnkjs mRiUukpk uohu L=ksr Eg.kwu ekuoh HkkaMoykyk vksG[kys tkbZy-

2- f’k{k.kke/;s dsysY;k xqaro.kwd [kpkZrwu ekuoh o HkkSfrd HkkaMoy ;k nksUgh izdkjP;k

HkkaMoykP;k lajpusr ok< gksrs-

3- v/;;u izfdz;sph rqyuk mn;ksxke/khy mRiknu izfdz;s’kh dsyh tkow ‘kdrs-

4- osruke/khy Qjd gk dkexkjkaph deh mRikndrk] dk;Z{kerk vkf.k dkexkjkaps f’k{k.k o

izf’k{k.k ;ke/khy QjdkeqGs ;srks-

5- ekuoh HkkaMoy fl/nkar% ‘kwYV~>us f’k{k.kkps vFkZ’kkL= o ekuoh HkkaMoykP;k

n`f”VdksuklanHkkZr iq<hy ers ekaMyh &

1½ v/;;u izfdz;seqGs ekuoh HkkaMoykyk mRiUukpk uohu L=ksr Eg.kwu vksG[kys tkrs-

2½ f’k{k.kkoj dsysyk [kpZ Eg.kts ekuoh vkf.k HkkSfrd ;k nksUgh izdkjP;k HkkaMoy

ok<hlkBh dsysyh xqaro.kwd gks;-

3½ m|ksx/kan;ke/khy mRiUukP;k izfdz;sph rqyuk f’k{k.kke/khy v/;;u izfdz;s’kh djrk ;srs-

4½ dkexkjkaP;k osrukrhy Qjd gk R;kaph vR;Yi mRikndrk o dk;Z{kersrhy ok<hlkBh

fnysY;k f’k{k.k o izf’k{k.kkoj voyacwu vlrks-

lekjksi

v’kkizdkjs f’k{k.k gh ,d HkkaMoyh xqaro.kwd vlwu f’k{k.kke/;s eksB;k izek.kkoj HkkaMoy

xqaro.kwd dsY;kl R;ke/kwu Kku] dkS’kY;s o ra=Kku izkIr >kysyh uohu ekuoh HkkaMoykph

fufeZrh gksow ‘kdrs- txkrhy loZp fodflr ns’kke/;s eksB;k izek.kkoj ekuoh HkkaMoyh

xqaro.kwd fo’ks”kr% f’k{k.kkps {ks=ke/;s dsyh tkr vlY;kps vk<Grs- IysVks] vWfjLVkWVy vkf.k



lsaV FkkWel ;k ikjaikfjd rRoosR;kauhgh f’k{k.kke/khy xaqro.kwdhoj Hkj fnyk vkgs- ek= vkS|ksfxd

fodkl vkf.k vk/kqfudhdj.kkph xrh ok<Y;kuarj vfydMP;k dkGke/;s vWMe fLeFk] ‘kqYV~>]

izk- gkfcZlu] ek;lZ] vkYQzsM ek’kZy ;klkj[;k vFkZrTKkauh f’k{k.kke/khy xqaro.kwd gh miHkksX;

xqaro.kwd ulwu rh ekuoh HkkaMoyh xqaro.kwd gks;- v’kk izdkjps fopkj ekaMys- R;keqGs

f’k{k.kkdMs ikg.;kpk ikjaikfjd n`f”Vdksu cnyyk-

vk/kqfud dkGke/;s ojhy fopkjkapk eksB;k izek.kkoj f’k{k.kke/;s ok<ysY;k vkfFkZd

xqaro.kwdhOnkjs Lohdkj dsY;kps vk<Grs- Hkkjrke/;s fo’ks”kr% xzkeh.k Hkkxke/;s eksB;k

izek.kkoj f’k{k.kke/;s vkfFkZd xaqaro.kwd d:u ns’kkpk lokZaxh.k fodkl ?kMfo.ks vko’;d vkgs-

R;kOnkjs ns’kkP;k egklRrsP;k LoIukP;k fn’ksus vkxsdwp djrk ;sbZy-

f’k{k.k ,d hkkaamoyh...

Documents