fl, jn 2009 pjc geoglobal question bank (drq) h2.doc the

FL, JN 2009 PJC GEOGLOBAL question bank (DRQ) H2.doc

Prepared by Felicia Lim & Jasmine Ng, Jan 2009 1

THE GLOBALISATION OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITY DRQ Question Bank

ACJC Prelims

Figure 1 for Question 1

1 Taiwan is an economy in East Asia where rapid economic growth took place in the 1960s. Fig. 1 shows the exports from Taiwan (by percentage) in 1960 and 1997.

(a) Describe and account for the changes in the export of primary and secondary products. [4]

(b) With reference to any named country you have studied, examine the strategies of the government in promoting economic development.

[8]



ACJC Prelims (The Globalisation of Economic Activity/Urban Issues and Challenges)

Figure 2A for Question 2

Figure 2B for Question 2

2 Fig. 2A shows the employment structure of UK while Fig. 2B shows the land use in the city of London.

(a) (i) Using Fig. 2A, describe the employment structure of UK. [2]

(ii) Using evidence from Fig. 2B, suggest how the employment structure of central London may differ from the whole of UK.

[4]

(b) Using Fig. 2B, describe the changes in land use from area X to area Y. [4]

(c) Explain how you might undertake a primary fieldwork to obtain information on land use changes in the CBD of the country you are living in.

[4]



AJC Prelims


3 Fig 3 shows the number of countries in different world regions where average income per person was lower or higher in the period of 1990-1995 than it had been before.

(a) Describe the main features of the global pattern shown. [4]

(b) How does globalisation of economic activity help account for the main features described in (a) [8]



AJC Prelims (The Globalisation of Economic Activity/Urban Issues and Challenges)


4 Fig 4 shows a model of the post-industrial global city.

(a) Describe the location of the low income residential areas shown in Fig 4. [3]

(b) Give three ways that the central city (CBD) may function as a ‘Global Command Centre’. [3]

(c) Suggest reasons for the decentralisation of the global city in Fig 4. [8]



CJC Prelims


5 Table 5 shows the Human Development Index for 15 countries in 2005.

(a) Describe the variations in Human Development Index (HDI) in Table 5. [3]

(b) Why have some Less Developed Countries (LDCs) attained higher HDI scores than other LDCs? [5]

(c) Evaluate the HDI as an indicator of development. [4]



DHS Prelims


6 Fig 6 shows employment in the Ruhr region, Germany between 1970 and 1999.

(a) Describe the trends in employment in the different industrial activities shown in Fig 6 and identify the processes that are occurring.

[4]

(b) Suggest reasons for the trends described in (a). [8]



DHS Prelims (The Globalisation of Economic Activity/Urban Issues and Challenges)


7 Fig 7 shows the North-South divide, from the Brandt Report, 1980.

(a) Describe and suggest reasons for the North-South divide. [6]

(b) Explain the connections between global cities, primate cities and the new international division of labour.

[8]



HCI Prelims


8 Fig 8 shows the different types of production system.

(a) Describe mass customization in industry and explain its possible advantages. [4]

(b) Using Fig 8, identify and explain two broad trends in the organisation of production in a post-Fordist era.

[4]

(c) What are the implications of the changing relative importance of production processes? [4]



HCI Prelims (The Globalisation of Economic Activity/Population Issues and Challenges)

Figure 9A Population of South Korea, 1950 - 2005

Figure 9B Crude Birth and Death Rates, South Korea, 1950 - 2005



Figure 9C Extract about the Electronics Industry

Figure 9D



9 Fig 9A shows the population of South Korea, a mature newly industrializing economy (NIE), from 1950-2005. Fig 9B shows the crude birth and death rates during the same period. Fig 9C is an extract about the electronics industry. Fig 9D shows the location of South Korea.

(a) Describe the pattern of population change shown in Figs 7A and 7B. [3]

(b) Suggest reasons for the pattern of population change described in (a). [4]

(c) With the help of Fig 7C, describe and explain the development of South Korea into a mature NIE. [7]



IJC Prelims



10 Fig 10A shows the FDI inflows for selected regions in 2004 while Fig 10B shows the FDI outflows from 2003-2004.

(a) Differentiate between the terms, FDI inflows and outflows. [2]

(b) Describe and account for the largest recipient and loser of FDI inflows in 2004 [5]

(c) Explain why developed regions contribute to the largest FDI outflows as shown in Fig 10B. [5]



IJC Prelims (The Globalisation of Economic Activity/Population Issues and Challenges)


11 Fig 11 shows the proportion of population in different age categories for selected countries in 2000 and 2030.

(a) Compare the proportion of population in the different age categories between one DC and one LDC. [2]

(b) With reference to the DCs shown in Fig 11, suggest how their population projections in 2030 might affect their role in the new international division of labour.

[4]

(c) Explain how the strategies used by China to stay in global competition in 2030 might be different from that of India?

[6]



JJC Prelims



Figure 12C for Question 12

12 Fig 12A, 12B and 12C compare the unemployment rate, labour costs and company tax amongst six economies in the trade bloc, the European Union (EU). UK and Germany are the two largest



economies in the trade bloc whilst the four Eastern European countries are new members.

(a) Define the term ‘trade bloc’. [2]

(b) With reference to Fig 12A, 12B and 12C, describe the differences between Western Europe (UK and Germany) and Eastern Europe in terms of unemployment rate, labour costs and company tax rates.

[4]

(c) Since the inclusion of Eastern Europe to the trade bloc, there has been a large movement of manufacturing industries from Western Europe to Eastern Europe. Based on the differences you have identified in (b), explain the movement.

[6]

JJC Prelims (The Globalisation of Economic Activity/Urban Issues and Challenges)




13 Fig 13 shows a newspaper article outlining the changes in American cities due to rising oil prices.

(a) Explain what is meant by the term ‘suburbanisation’. [2]

(b) Discuss how high petrol prices will influence the future urban forms of America. [6]

(c) Suggest how rising transport prices will affect the new international division of labour of manufacturing activities.

[6]

MI Prelims




14 Study Table 14, which provides various indicators of development for selected countries.

(a) In Table 14, which countries have the highest and lowest GNP per capita? [1]

(b) Compare the relationship between GNP per capita with the other development indicators for each of the two countries you have identified in (a).

[2]

(c) Compare the HDI rankings and GNP per capita figures for all the countries in Table 14. Describe and explain the strength of the correlation between the variables.

[4]

(d) In what ways is the HDI a better measure of development rather than GNP per capita? [5]

MI Prelims (The Globalisation of Economic Activity/Urban Issues and Challenges)





15 Fig 15A shows the global distribution of foreign direct investment (FDI), while Fig 15B shows the

world’s largest cities.

(a) Describe the global distribution of FDI shown in Fig 15A and compare it to the pattern of the world’s largest cities in Fig 15B.

[4]

(b) Suggest reasons for the comparative lack of outward and inward FDI for countries of Africa. [4]

(c ) Explain how the urbanisation trends in Asia may be related to its FDI pattern. [6]



MJC Prelims


16 Fig 16 shows employment in the major maquiladora centres along the border between the United States and Mexico in 1996. A maquiladora is an assembly plant to which components and materials for the US are imported duty-free, providing the products are then exported.

(a) Suggest reasons for the concentration of maquiladoras in the border zone. [6]

(b) Assess the impacts of the growth of the maquiladoras on the Mexican economy. [6]



NJC Prelims Figure 17A for Question 17


Table 17 for Question 17



17 Fig 17a and 17b show world trade of IT products by region in 2005. Table 17 shows the GDP and

merchandise trade of selected regions from 2005-2007.

(a) With respect to Fig 17a and 17b, suggest what evidence is there to show a decentralisation of economic activities.

[2]

(b) Account for the shift of economic activities. [6]

(c) Study Table 17, discuss the implications of the rise of Asia as an economic power. [4]



NJC Prelims (The Globalisation of Economic Activity/Population Issues and Challenges)

Figure 18: Major migration movements

Table 18: Major migrant destinations. 2000

18 Fig 18 shows the major migrant movements and Table 18 shows the major migrants destinations in 2000.

(a) With reference to Fig 18, describe the patterns of migration movements. [3]

(b) Discuss two reasons for the redistribution of people. [4]

(c) In a globalised world, affluence is the most important factor determining migration. To what extent do you agree with this statement?

[7]



NYJC Prelims


19 Fig 19 shows the chain of links through the global economy.

(a) What do you understand by the term production chain? [4]

(b) Using examples you have studied, show how certain Transnational Corporations (TNCs) have organised their activities in the manner depicted in the model.

[8]



NYJC Prelims (The Globalisation of Economic Activity/Population Issues and Challenges)

Fig. 20 for Question 20

20 Fig 20 shows the proportion of immigrants in Europe by region of origin in 2005.

(a) Describe the trends as shown on Fig 20. [3]

(b) What demographic profile is likely to typify these migrants? [4]

(c) Show how the globalization of economic activities has led to the pattern of migration in Europe. [7]



RJC Prelims


21 Fig 21 depicts information about job losses from transnational companies (TNCs) in north east England in 1998.

(a) State TWO main characteristics of transnational companies. [2]

(b) Fig 21 shows many TNCs located in a peripheral region of England. Why would many companies choose to locate in the periphery of a country?

[5]

(c) Outline the impacts of wide-scale retrenchment from the manufacturing sector. [5]



RJC Prelims (The Globalisation of Economic Activity/Urban Issues and Challenges)


22 Fig 22 shows a sketch diagram of the CBD of a small town in United Kingdom.

(a) Describe and suggest reasons for changes from X to Y in the following features, (i) building height (ii) business type

[4]

(b) Describe how you would conduct a survey on pedestrian count for the purpose of delineating the CBD.

[5]

(c) Explain how economic globalisation can reshape and change the CBD of cities. [5]



SAJC Prelims


23 Fig 23 shows the changing structure of UK employment, by industry, form 1985-2005.

(a) With reference to Fig 23, describe how employment structure in the United Kingdom (UK) has changed from 1985-2005.

[4]

(b) Account for the change in employment in banking, finance and insurance in Fig 23. [4]

(c) How has technological improvements impacted the manufacturing workforce? [4]



SAJC Prelims (The Globalisation of Economic Activity/Population Issues and Challenges)





24 Fig 24A shows the ecological footprint (EF) and Human Development Index (HDI), 2003, for different countries. Fig 24B shows the distribution of global share of population and wealth in 2006.

(a) Using the World Map provided, illustrate the North-South Divide. [2]

(b) Describe the relationship between HDI and Ecological Footprint (gha/person) in Fig 24A. [2]

(c) With reference to Fig 24A and Fig 24B, explain how the I=PAT theory can be used to explain the relationship described in part (b).

[5]

(d) Compare the usefulness of GNP and HDI. [5]



SRJC Prelims


25 Fig 25 shows the changing regional shares of global manufacturing from 1970-2000.

(a) Describe and suggest reasons for the trends shown in Fig 25. [6]

(b) Using examples, assess the impact of the global shift of manufacturing on more developed countries. [6]



TJC Prelims





26 Fig 26A shows a graphical representation by a British newspaper of world toy consumption and Fig 26B shows toy production.

(a) How is toy consumption and production represented on the two figures? [2]

(b) Compare the global pattern of toy consumption and toy production. [4]

(c) Outline an alternative technique for more accurately mapping toy consumption and production and explain the advantages of the technique you have described.

[6]



TPJC Prelims


27 Study the cartoon shown in Fig 27 and answer the following.

(a) What does the picture in the cartoon in Fig 27 implies? [2]

(b) Suggest reasons for such situation as depicted in Fig 27. [4]

(c) Discuss the impact of globalisation on the world economy. [6]



TPJC Prelims (The Globalisation of Economic Activity/Population Issues and Challenges)

Figure 28: UK trade as compared with other regions

28 Fig 28 shows the volume of trade in UK and other regions.

(a) Describe the volume of trade as shown in Fig 28. [2]

(b) Name a diagrammatic techniques used in the Fig. [1]

(c) Suggest reasons why such diagrammatic techniques are used in Figure 28. [3]

(d) Discuss the roles of EU and NAFTA in regional trade blocks. [8]



VJC Prelims

29 Fig 29A shows US imports and exports within NAFTA from 1990-2007. Fig 29B shows combined retail sales for Texas border towns namely, McAllen, Brownsville, Laredo and El Paso.

(a) Describe the changes in US imports and exports as shown in Fig 29A. [4]

(b) Account for the changes you have described in (a) [2]

(c) With reference to Figures 29A and 29B, explain how the formation of NAFTA has benefited its members.

[6]

VJC Prelims (The Globalisation of Economic Activity/Urban Issues and Challenges)



30 Figures 30A and 30B show Toyota Motor Corporation’s production and sales by region.

(a) Compare the key features of Toyota’s production and sales by region as shown in Figures 30A and 30B.

[6]

(b) Describe the implications for Toyota as a result of the change in its volume of sales in Japan as shown in Fig 30B.

[4]

(c) Explain how you would investigate the changing nature of industrial areas in a city like Singapore. [4]



YJC Prelims



31 Fig 31A shows trade flows to and from Africa while Fig 31B shows trade flows to and from Europe.

(a) Compare the differences in trade flows as depicted by Fig 31A and 31B. [4]

(b) Account for these differences. [6]

(c) Assess the use of this method to represent trade flows between countries. [4]



YJC Prelims (The Globalisation of Economic Activity/Urban Issues and Challenges)


32 Fig 32 shows the structure of Tsukuba Science City.

(a) Describe the functions of Tsukuba Science City. [2]

(b) What do urban planners need to take into account before designing a city like this? [6]

(c) Discuss how the influence of globalisation has contributed to the formation of this city. [4]

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