flap selection for nasal defects - amazon s3 selection for nasal defects patrick k. lee, m.d....

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FLAP SELECTION FOR NASAL DEFECTS Patrick K. Lee, M.D. Professor Director of Dermatologic Surgery UC Irvine Department of Dermatology

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Page 1: FLAP SELECTION FOR NASAL DEFECTS - Amazon S3 SELECTION FOR NASAL DEFECTS Patrick K. Lee, M.D. Professor Director of Dermatologic Surgery UC Irvine Department of Dermatology RECONSTRUCTION

FLAP SELECTION FOR NASAL DEFECTS

Patrick K. Lee, M.D. Professor  Director of Dermatologic Surgery  UC Irvine Department of Dermatology

Page 2: FLAP SELECTION FOR NASAL DEFECTS - Amazon S3 SELECTION FOR NASAL DEFECTS Patrick K. Lee, M.D. Professor Director of Dermatologic Surgery UC Irvine Department of Dermatology RECONSTRUCTION

RECONSTRUCTION MANDATES Protect against:

1) Functional impairment 2) Aesthetic distortion

Areas most vulnerable: free margins ‐ eyelids, nasal alae, lips, ears

Page 3: FLAP SELECTION FOR NASAL DEFECTS - Amazon S3 SELECTION FOR NASAL DEFECTS Patrick K. Lee, M.D. Professor Director of Dermatologic Surgery UC Irvine Department of Dermatology RECONSTRUCTION

RECONSTRUCTION HIERARCHY Granulation/2º intention ‐most conservative 1º repair FTSG/STSG Flap repair Combination ‐most aggressive

Page 4: FLAP SELECTION FOR NASAL DEFECTS - Amazon S3 SELECTION FOR NASAL DEFECTS Patrick K. Lee, M.D. Professor Director of Dermatologic Surgery UC Irvine Department of Dermatology RECONSTRUCTION

RECONSTRUCTION ALGORITHM Is there skin?

No ‐‐‐> 2º intention, SG Yes ‐‐‐> Next question:

Where is the skin?Adjacent, all aroundAdjacent, 2 directionsAdjacent, 1 directionDistant

Beware of free margins

Page 5: FLAP SELECTION FOR NASAL DEFECTS - Amazon S3 SELECTION FOR NASAL DEFECTS Patrick K. Lee, M.D. Professor Director of Dermatologic Surgery UC Irvine Department of Dermatology RECONSTRUCTION
Page 6: FLAP SELECTION FOR NASAL DEFECTS - Amazon S3 SELECTION FOR NASAL DEFECTS Patrick K. Lee, M.D. Professor Director of Dermatologic Surgery UC Irvine Department of Dermatology RECONSTRUCTION

RESERVOIRS OF TISSUE The main reservoirs of tissue seem to be primarily INFERIOR and POSTEROLATERAL

Page 7: FLAP SELECTION FOR NASAL DEFECTS - Amazon S3 SELECTION FOR NASAL DEFECTS Patrick K. Lee, M.D. Professor Director of Dermatologic Surgery UC Irvine Department of Dermatology RECONSTRUCTION

THE NOSE The nose doesn’t really have inferior or posterolateral excess skin BUT

The nose’s skin reservoirs are nasal root and glabella (inferior forehead) and medial cheek (posterolateral)

Page 8: FLAP SELECTION FOR NASAL DEFECTS - Amazon S3 SELECTION FOR NASAL DEFECTS Patrick K. Lee, M.D. Professor Director of Dermatologic Surgery UC Irvine Department of Dermatology RECONSTRUCTION

RECONSTRUCTION ALGORITHM Is there skin around the nose?

No ‐‐‐> 2º intention, SG *Yes ‐‐‐> Next question:

Where is the skin?Adjacent, all aroundAdjacent, 2 directions*Adjacent, 1 direction*Distant

Beware of free margins

Page 9: FLAP SELECTION FOR NASAL DEFECTS - Amazon S3 SELECTION FOR NASAL DEFECTS Patrick K. Lee, M.D. Professor Director of Dermatologic Surgery UC Irvine Department of Dermatology RECONSTRUCTION

OTHER RECONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES Try to place surgical wounds within or parallel to relaxed skin tension lines (RSTL)

Or try to place surgical wounds within the junction of cosmetic subunits

Try not to cross the junction of cosmetic subunits

Page 10: FLAP SELECTION FOR NASAL DEFECTS - Amazon S3 SELECTION FOR NASAL DEFECTS Patrick K. Lee, M.D. Professor Director of Dermatologic Surgery UC Irvine Department of Dermatology RECONSTRUCTION
Page 11: FLAP SELECTION FOR NASAL DEFECTS - Amazon S3 SELECTION FOR NASAL DEFECTS Patrick K. Lee, M.D. Professor Director of Dermatologic Surgery UC Irvine Department of Dermatology RECONSTRUCTION
Page 12: FLAP SELECTION FOR NASAL DEFECTS - Amazon S3 SELECTION FOR NASAL DEFECTS Patrick K. Lee, M.D. Professor Director of Dermatologic Surgery UC Irvine Department of Dermatology RECONSTRUCTION
Page 13: FLAP SELECTION FOR NASAL DEFECTS - Amazon S3 SELECTION FOR NASAL DEFECTS Patrick K. Lee, M.D. Professor Director of Dermatologic Surgery UC Irvine Department of Dermatology RECONSTRUCTION
Page 14: FLAP SELECTION FOR NASAL DEFECTS - Amazon S3 SELECTION FOR NASAL DEFECTS Patrick K. Lee, M.D. Professor Director of Dermatologic Surgery UC Irvine Department of Dermatology RECONSTRUCTION

NASAL FLAPS Smaller defects of UPPER TWO‐THIRDS of the nose: adjacent flaps (nasal root, glabella, and lateral sidewall)

Larger defects of UPPER TWO‐THIRDS of nose: same as above but also lateral tissue (medial cheek)

Page 15: FLAP SELECTION FOR NASAL DEFECTS - Amazon S3 SELECTION FOR NASAL DEFECTS Patrick K. Lee, M.D. Professor Director of Dermatologic Surgery UC Irvine Department of Dermatology RECONSTRUCTION
Page 16: FLAP SELECTION FOR NASAL DEFECTS - Amazon S3 SELECTION FOR NASAL DEFECTS Patrick K. Lee, M.D. Professor Director of Dermatologic Surgery UC Irvine Department of Dermatology RECONSTRUCTION

NASAL FLAPS Smaller defects of LOWER ONE‐THIRD of the nose: adjacent flaps (dorsum of nose, nasal root, and lateral sidewall)

However, larger defects of LOWER ONE‐THIRD of nose: often distant flaps (e.g., interpolation flaps) 

Page 17: FLAP SELECTION FOR NASAL DEFECTS - Amazon S3 SELECTION FOR NASAL DEFECTS Patrick K. Lee, M.D. Professor Director of Dermatologic Surgery UC Irvine Department of Dermatology RECONSTRUCTION
Page 18: FLAP SELECTION FOR NASAL DEFECTS - Amazon S3 SELECTION FOR NASAL DEFECTS Patrick K. Lee, M.D. Professor Director of Dermatologic Surgery UC Irvine Department of Dermatology RECONSTRUCTION

NASAL FLAPS UPPER TWO‐THIRDS OF NOSE

Reservoirs: nasal root, glabella, and lateral sidewall, as well as lateral tissue (medial cheek)

Page 19: FLAP SELECTION FOR NASAL DEFECTS - Amazon S3 SELECTION FOR NASAL DEFECTS Patrick K. Lee, M.D. Professor Director of Dermatologic Surgery UC Irvine Department of Dermatology RECONSTRUCTION
Page 20: FLAP SELECTION FOR NASAL DEFECTS - Amazon S3 SELECTION FOR NASAL DEFECTS Patrick K. Lee, M.D. Professor Director of Dermatologic Surgery UC Irvine Department of Dermatology RECONSTRUCTION
Page 21: FLAP SELECTION FOR NASAL DEFECTS - Amazon S3 SELECTION FOR NASAL DEFECTS Patrick K. Lee, M.D. Professor Director of Dermatologic Surgery UC Irvine Department of Dermatology RECONSTRUCTION

NASAL FLAPS LOWER ONE‐THIRD OF NOSE Reservoirs: dorsum of nose, nasal root, and lateral sidewall

Might need distant tissue

Page 22: FLAP SELECTION FOR NASAL DEFECTS - Amazon S3 SELECTION FOR NASAL DEFECTS Patrick K. Lee, M.D. Professor Director of Dermatologic Surgery UC Irvine Department of Dermatology RECONSTRUCTION
Page 23: FLAP SELECTION FOR NASAL DEFECTS - Amazon S3 SELECTION FOR NASAL DEFECTS Patrick K. Lee, M.D. Professor Director of Dermatologic Surgery UC Irvine Department of Dermatology RECONSTRUCTION
Page 24: FLAP SELECTION FOR NASAL DEFECTS - Amazon S3 SELECTION FOR NASAL DEFECTS Patrick K. Lee, M.D. Professor Director of Dermatologic Surgery UC Irvine Department of Dermatology RECONSTRUCTION
Page 25: FLAP SELECTION FOR NASAL DEFECTS - Amazon S3 SELECTION FOR NASAL DEFECTS Patrick K. Lee, M.D. Professor Director of Dermatologic Surgery UC Irvine Department of Dermatology RECONSTRUCTION

NASAL FLAPS Also for LOWER ONE‐THIRD OF NOSE: Myocutaneous island pedicle flap from alar crease ‐posterolateral tissue recruitment

Page 26: FLAP SELECTION FOR NASAL DEFECTS - Amazon S3 SELECTION FOR NASAL DEFECTS Patrick K. Lee, M.D. Professor Director of Dermatologic Surgery UC Irvine Department of Dermatology RECONSTRUCTION

COMPLICATIONS Dehiscence Necrosis (tip) Hematoma Infection Trap‐dooring (pincushioning)

Page 27: FLAP SELECTION FOR NASAL DEFECTS - Amazon S3 SELECTION FOR NASAL DEFECTS Patrick K. Lee, M.D. Professor Director of Dermatologic Surgery UC Irvine Department of Dermatology RECONSTRUCTION

SUMMARY The nose represents a unique challenge for flap reconstruction

The main reservoirs of tissue for the nose reside in the nasal root/glabellar areas (inferior forehead) and medial cheek (posterolateral)

The particular type of flap does not matter as much as proper planning for tissue recruitment

Page 28: FLAP SELECTION FOR NASAL DEFECTS - Amazon S3 SELECTION FOR NASAL DEFECTS Patrick K. Lee, M.D. Professor Director of Dermatologic Surgery UC Irvine Department of Dermatology RECONSTRUCTION

REFERENCES Summers BK, Siegle RJ. Facial cutaneous reconstructive surgery: general aesthetic principles.  J Amer Acad Dermatol 1993, 29: 669‐81.

Summers BK, Siegle RJ. Facial cutaneous reconstructive surgery: facial flaps. J Amer Acad Dermatol 1993, 29: 917‐41.

Tromovitch TA, Stegman SJ, Glogau RG. Flaps and grafts in dermatologic surgery. St Louis: Mosby‐Year Book, 1989