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FLASH on English is a motivating, easy-to-use, four-level course which takes teenage learners from Elementary through to Upper Intermediate level. The comprehensive syllabus provides thorough grammar, vocabulary and skills work, builds students’ language awareness and encourages fluency and self-confidence. The combination of printed, digital and online material enhances the learning experience and helps teachers respond to students’ needs.

Clearly-structured units Double linguistic input in each unit Focus on authentic real-world language Clearly structured grammar presentations Extensive recycling and review of language Exploitation of different learning styles and mixed-ability features

Culture, CLIL and Literature lessons in every unit Graded and practical study-skills guide Grammar reinforcement with extensive explanations and practice in the Workbook

For the Teacher

Step-by-step teaching notes, tips and background notes on cultural issues

Wide offer of photocopiable testing materials Editable tests in the Multi-ROM Test Maker

FLIP BOOK

An interactive, IWB-compatible version of the Coursebook containing all recordings, links, reference materials and extras

Course componentsStudent’s BookWorkbook with Audio CDTeacher’s Resource PackClass Audio CDsMulti-ROM Test MakerTeacher’s FLIP BOOKFlash on English Online Resources

Common European Framework

A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C2

ONLINE RESOURCES

Welcome to Flash on EnglishFlash on English is your new English language course. On these two pages you will find some information to help you learn to use your textbook.

Flash on English contains 10 units, organised in this way:

Double linguistic input Each unit opens with a

first presentation text which can be in various formats (article, email, report).

The second presentation offers extracts from listenings (interviews, dialogues, reports) which aim at introducing topics, activity types and listening techniques you will need at upper-intermediate level.

Examples of grammatical structures and functions are presented in the Grammar and the Functions boxes, in a concise and clear form to allow the student full autonomy in carrying out the activities.

WB p. 8 refers to the correspondent exercises in the Workbook

The Use of English page focuses on the language knowledge structures and patterns you will need to produce written texts. It includes vocabulary and morphology activities, offering genuine practice of the Use of English paper of the First exam.

The Flash on Grammar page is dedicated to presenting the grammar structures.

Flash Forward activities keep fast finishers busy.

F Cambridge English: First

The Flashpoint box highlights particular language structures that are commonly used.

The Flash on Skills section helps the students to develop their four language skills. Placed at the end of each unit, it alternately presents three types of text material. CULTURE

Focuses on social and cultural aspects of the English-speaking world.

CLIL Texts targeted to an

interdisciplinary approach to language learning on contemporary topics of interest to students.

LITERATURE Texts aimed at

familiarising students with literary genres, in both prose and verse.

Effective learning techniques and exam strategies are presented in each unit.

An extensive Writing Reference offers guidance and examples of the writing tasks you are expected to produce at B2 level: formal and informal letters, articles, essays, stories and reviews.Tasks are explained with the help of a model answer for each one.

The Language Development section focuses on and practises collocations, easily confused words and idioms you will need in conversation.

The main grammar items are presented schematically in the Grammar Reference at the end of the book, with information about grammar rules and extensive examples.

Contents

p. 24

Unit Grammar Vocabulary Functions

Connect!1

2 Feelings

p. 8

Present simple and continuousPresent perfect simple and continuousPast simplePast continuous

Past perfect simple and continuousused to and wouldAdjectives ending in -ed and -ing

Technology

FeelingsRelationships

Agreeing and disagreeing

Talking about feelings in the past

3

4

Leisure

Travel

p. 26

p. 34

be going to and will for futureFuture continuousPresent simple and continuous for futureFuture perfect

Zero, first and second conditionalThird conditional wish for regretsMixed and inverted conditional

Entertainment

Travel and transport

Talking about plans and intentions

Expressing regret

Flashback 1-2

Fashion and Trends5

p. 44

p. 42

Modal verbs: – obligation and advice– needn’t/don’ have to– deductionDegrees of certainty

ClothesAppearance

Giving advice

Flashback 3-4

p. 16

4

6 Crime and Punishment

p. 54

p. 60

PassivesImpersonal passive structuresCausatives

CrimeTrials

Describing a crime scene

Flashback 5-6

Use of English SkillsLanguage development

Collocations and phrasal verbs

Multiple-choice clozeKey words transformations

Life eventsPhrasal verbs with up

Open cloze

Culture – Social media

Reading A survey about teens and social mediaListening Five people talking about social mediaSpeaking Comparing different learning methodsWriting An article about the impact social media had on our life

Exam strategies: Writing an article

CLIL – Psychology

Reading A text about Abraham Maslow and his idea of self-esteemSpeaking The Rosenberg testListening A lecture about Abraham Maslow’s theory of

self-actualisationWriting A brief biography

Exam strategies: Writing a narrative text

Verb and preposition collocationsEmail and spoken English

p. 98

really

p. 98

getPhrasal verbs with down

Open cloze

Compound nounsWord buildingCollocations

Word formationOpen cloze

Literature – A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man

Reading A passage from the bookListening An extract from the bookSpeaking A conversation about your dreams for the futureWriting A personal statement to accompany an application

Exam strategies: Letter of application

Culture – USA: the beginning

Reading A text about The MayflowerListening A radio interviewSpeaking An interviewWriting A diary page

Exam strategies: Writing a diary page

soCompound nouns: entertainment

p. 98

Modal verbs in conditional sentences

p. 99

Word building: verbs > nouns and adjectivesPhrasal verbs and expressions with keep

Word formationMultiple-choice cloze

CLIL – Natural Sciences

Reading Articles about organic clothingListening Five extracts from interviewsSpeaking Describing picturesWriting An essay about organic clothing

Exam strategies: Writing an essay

actuallyAdjectives and adverbsVague language p. 99Confusing words: fashion

p. 100

5

Collocations: crime and trials

Multiple-choice cloze

Literature – Oliver Twist

Reading A passage from the bookListening An extract from the bookSpeaking A police reportWriting A book review

Exam strategies: Writing a review

Confusing words: crimeInformal English/Slang

p. 100

Health and the Environment9

10 Work and Employment

p. 80

p. 88

p. 96

Inversionssuch, so... (that) too, very, quite, enough

Verb patternsVerb + -ing Verb + to infinitive

Food and healthThe environment

Work and employmentJobs

Talking about problems Criticising

Stating preferences

Flashback 9-10

p. 102Word building

p. 126Phrasal verbs

p. 98Language development

p. 116Grammar reference

p. 108Writing reference

p. 130

p. 132

Irregular verbs

Audioscripts

7

8

Learning

Time is Money

p. 78

p. 62

p. 70

Reported statementsReporting verbsReporting commands and requestsPrepositions followed by gerunds

EducationFormal vs informal words

Reporting commands and requests

Relative clausesRelative pronouns and adverbsPrepositions in relative clauses

Money idioms Making excuses

Flashback 7-8

ContentsUnit Grammar Vocabulary Functions

6

Compound nounsWord building: -ful and -lessWord buildingSuffixes

Word formationOpen cloze

CollocationsPrepositional phrases

Open cloze

Literature – Life stories

Reading Book summaries: Eat, Pray, Love and the Adrian Mole seriesListening People talking about why they liked a bookSpeaking Talking about books you likedWriting A story

Exam strategies: Writing a story

Culture – Human migration

Reading Articles about human migrationListening People talking about moving to a new countrySpeaking Comparing photographs Writing An email

Exam strategies: Writing an email

Food idioms

p. 101

Work idioms

p. 101

Collocations: get or haveCommon phrasal verb collocationsNegative prefixes

Word formation

Phrasal verbs: about money

Word formation

Culture – Top universities

Reading Interviews with top university studentsListening Interviews with top university studentsSpeaking Ask and answer questions about your education so farWriting A report about education in your country

Exam strategies: Writing a report

CLIL – Economics and Finance

Reading Texts about IMF, WTO, the World BankListening Two students testing each otherSpeaking A discussion about the economic world crisisWriting A fact file about an important international institution

Exam strategies: Writing a fact file

Introducing facts

p. 100

whichColloquial English

p. 101

Skills

7

Use of EnglishLanguage development

8

Connect!1 A day in the life of a digital native

Present simple and continuousEvery day, she texts her friends.Right now, I’m writing this message on my iPad.

Find more examples of the Present simple and the Present continuous in the text. Underline them.

GRAMMAR

4 Underline the correct tense.

1 I talk/’m talking on my mobile; can you open the door for me, please?

2 I am always beginning/always begin the day by checking my emails.

3 At the moment, I’m learning/learn to use PowerPoint.

4 Do you use/Are you using a lot of digital devices normally?

Terri Thomson lives in a digital world: every day, she texts her friends from a television control box, she finds songs on the radio with her mobile phone, she downloads photos from her phone directly onto her blog and she can video-call a television chat show from her mobile phone and participate live in the programme. She uses 12 technology services every day; so her parents have a big bill. Terri is a digital native; she has been using digital devices since her childhood.

For digital natives like Terri, ‘digital’ is their first language. Digital natives have grown up with technology, and so they have IT their fingertips. According to a recent survey, in their teens, digital natives usually spend about 100,000 hours playing computer games, they send and receive 250,000 emails and they spend 10,000 hours on a mobile phone. In contrast, they spend only 9,000 hours in school (many teens do not take part in lessons, unless the lessons have something to do with sport).

How is digital technology changing teens’ brains? The latest research shows that digital natives can recall 90% of images days after seeing them, despite only seeing them for a few seconds. In fact, the eye ‘reads’ images much faster

1 How many hours a day do you do the following?

1 texting 3 sending emails 2 blogging 4 being on Facebook

2 1.02 Listen and read the text quickly. Then answer these questions.

1 How many hours do teens spend playing computer games?

2 What can digital natives remember easily? 3 What is Martha’s problem?

3 F Read the sentences and choose the best option A, B or C.

1 According to the text, Terri’s use of digital technology is...

A scientific. B realistic. C expensive.

2 According to the text, at school, teenagers... A spend a lot of time with digital devices. B only pay attention in the technology class. C are not motivated by classroom lessons.

3 We have evidence that digital natives... A have better memories than other people. B remember words better than pictures. C pay less attention to content than to visuals.

4 What is the aim of marketing experts? A To sell more goods to teenagers. B To understand how the web works. C To increase internet advertising.

5 Which of the following define the way digital natives behave?

A They like slow explanations. B They talk to more than one person at once. C They lose interest quickly.

6 In the last paragraph, the expression ‘at my fingertips’ emphasises that something is...

A easy. B pleasant. C normal.

Read the text again. Underline the things that describe you and your life. Compare with a partner.

FLASH FORWARD

Grammar reference p. 116

9

1Vocabulary: Technology 6 Which of the following words are nouns, verbs

or both? Write them in the correct column.

Internet download blog IT email

text message mobile chat megabytenetworking store program

7 Find words in the text that have to do with digital technology, for example: she texts her friends. Add them to the table.

8 Complete the sentences with words from exercise 6.

1 Do you know it’s illegal to ___________ films from the Internet?

2 Do you often have online ___________ with friends?

3 Do you keep your ___________ near your pillow when you’re sleeping?

4 Have you sent any ___________ on your mobile today? If so, who did you send them to?

5 Do you have ___________ classes at school? 6 Do you belong to any social ___________ sites?

Say it! 9 Work in pairs. Ask the questions in exercise 8

and give answers which are true for you.

10 Talk to your partner about a day in your digital life. Use these questions to help you.

1 Did you grow up as a digital native? 2 How many hours a day do you spend using

digital devices? 3 Which digital devices could you not do without?

Noun Both Verb

than text; moreover, digital natives often ignore content, unless colours catch their attention.

Advertisers are working out a way to use the Internet with teens; they want to use internet marketing to meet the needs of young consumers.

Digital teens: need speed in information flow; look at images and information at the same time; enjoy hyper-linking; get bored following step-by-step processes; network simultaneously with many people; don’t want loads of information; prefer instant pleasure and instant reward; filter out any information that is not necessary or fun.

But digital technology has other advantages; here is what an American teen with special needs, Martha, says: ‘I have problems with physical movement – but with digital devices I’ve got everything I need at my fingertips. They’ve given me more independence. I’ve had an iPad for 3 years and now I can’t do without it. Right now, I’m writing this message on it and I’m also learning to keep a blog.’

Present perfect simple and continuousDigital natives have grown up with technology.She has been using digital devices since her childhood.

Find more examples of the Present perfect simple and the Present perfect continuous in the text. Underline them.

GRAMMAR

5 Underline the correct tense.

1 I’ve been finishing/’ve finished writing my blog – I can go out now.

2 I’ve used/’ve been using a computer since I was five.

3 She has never been paying/has never paid attention in class.

4 My grandmother has never used/has never been using a laptop.

Grammar reference p. 116

iPhone iPod

iPad

iPaid

10

1I bought an amazing new ebook 1 Answer these questions with your partner.

C ‘We were having the usual boring lesson yesterday, when the teacher switched on the new IWB. I enjoyed getting up and going to the board: I touched the whiteboard with my finger and we all wanted to play with it, you know, to have a go.’

B ‘I bought an amazing new ebook a month ago, but I still read books in the old-fashioned way. I like the feel and smell of paper; ebooks are always new: they don’t smell!’

D ‘Well, to tell the truth, the thing that really put me off the Internet was security. Once I was writing a very personal mail to a friend when I realised: someone might be reading it – a hacker, I mean. I was shocked!’

3 1.03 Listen to four people talking about new technologies and write T (true) or F (false).

1 Nancy lost her mobile phone at school. ___ 2 The school rules say pupils must never

bring mobile phones to school. ___ 3 Speaker B likes ebooks because they

don’t smell. ___ 4 In the interactive whiteboard lesson

there were technical problems. ___ 5 The students had a good time using the

whiteboard. ___ 6 Speaker D doesn’t trust electronic

communication. ___

4 Find the word or phrase in the extracts which means the following.

1 to try __________ 2 to forbid __________ 3 not modern __________ 4 to suddenly understand __________

How many digital devices do you have with you now/at home? Make a list. Do you really need them? How would you feel without them?

FLASH FORWARD

A ‘ Now guys, yesterday, while I was writing on the board, Nancy’s mobile went off and I took it off her. Let me explain. We’ve decided to ban mobile phones at all times while you are in the school buildings.’

1 What are the dangers of using the Internet? 2 How do you use digital technology at school?

3 What do you think of ebooks? 4 Can you use mobile phones in class?

2 Read these extracts and match them with the questions above.

11

1

Say it! 5 In pairs, say whether or not you agree with

the following statements. Why?/Why not?

1 An ebook is better than a real book. 2 Pupils should be allowed to use mobiles in

class. 3 Downloading films from the Internet without

paying is OK. 4 Social media is for people without real friends.

Vocabulary: Computer words 6 Which is the odd one out? Underline it.

1 link, clip, shelf, website 2 site, flat, mobile, hack 3 virus, email, network, building 4 noisy, digital, browser, download 5 online, download, smell, voicemail

7 Read this email message and find examples of the Past simple.

AgreeingYes, you’re right. That’s right. I agree (absolutely). I (totally) agree. Yes, I see what you mean. I couldn’t agree more.

DisagreeingDo you think so? I’m not sure. I disagree. I don’t agree with you. That’s not true.That’s not totally/always true.

FUNCTIONS

8 Complete these sentences with the Past simple and continuous using the words in brackets.

1 Yesterday I ________ (take) my ebook to the beach.

2 I ________ (lie) on the beach reading an ebook, when my friend ________ (turn) up.

3 We ________ (download) songs from the Net when there ________ (be) a blackout.

4 It was a lovely day, the sun ________ (shine) so we ________ (decide) to go for a walk.

5 She ________ (watch) a soap opera while I _______ (do) the washing up. I was so angry.

6 My computer ________ (always break) down and so I ________ (waste) a lot of time.

Write it! 9 F Write a reply to the email in exercise 7

following these guidelines.

1 Greet your friend and say it was great to hear from her. Tell her what you were doing when you received her email.

2 Thank your friend for the links she sent you. 3 Tell her your reaction to the sites. Did you like

them? 4 Conclude your message and say goodbye.

Write your answer in 120-150 words.

Critical thinking 10 Work in pairs and discuss the following topics.

1 Thousands of people waited for hours outside Apple stores for the new iPhone5 in September 2012. Do you think it was worth the wait?

2 It is estimated that the number of mobile-connected devices will have exceeded the number of people on earth by the end of 2013. What can you deduct from this statement?

Hi, this is Isabella here. Hey, do you remember that website you told me about, the one you said had some really funny clips from TV programmes? Didn’t you say it was ‘The Funniest Interview’ or something? Anyway, I googled it and came across some other sites that are really great. Well, I thought they were really hilarious – so I’m sending you the links to those sites; have a look and tell me what you think, OK? See you!

Past simpleI bought an amazing new ebook a month ago.I didn’t carry a single book.Did you have your mobile with you yesterday?

Find more examples of the Past simple in the extracts. Underline them.

GRAMMAR

Grammar reference p. 117

Past continuousWhile I was writing on the board, Nancy’s mobile went off.What were you doing there when your best friend came along?We weren’t having an interesting lesson yesterday until the teacher switched on the IWB.

Find more examples of the Past continuous in the extracts. Underline them.

GRAMMAR

Grammar reference p. 117

12

Use of English1

1 Underline the correct word.

1 Who does/makes the most housework in your family?

2 Can you do/make a pizza? 3 Have you ever told/said a lie? 4 Do you know what causes/makes earthquakes? 5 Would you ban/obstruct mobiles on trains? 6 The car’s not working: the engine won’t start/

begin.

2 Complete with the correct preposition.

1 What are you looking ______? 2 What do you talk ______ on the phone? 3 What household duties are you responsible ___? 4 What digital devices are you keen ______? 5 What music do you like listening ______?

3 F Do mobiles help cheats? Decide which answer best fits each gap (A, B, C or D).

4 Write the corresponding phrasal verb.

1 look for a solution _________________________ 2 the opposite of turn on _____________________ 3 live successfully without something __________ 4 stop working ______________________________ 5 find by accident ___________________________ 6 make someone not like something ___________

5 F Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words including the word given. Here is an example.

0 I learnt a lot about computers by just trying things out.

UP I picked up a lot about computers by just

trying things out. 1 The thing I don’t like about using email is all

the junk mail. PUT The thing that ___________ using email is the

spam. 2 Look, I’ve found this really brilliant website.

Do you want the link? ACROSS Look, I ___________ this brilliant website. Do

you want the link? 3 My mum grew up in a house where there were

no computers. BROUGHT My mum ___________ a house where there

were no computers. 4 I don’t understand how this program works. OUT I can’t ___________ how to use this program. 5 I really need to have my laptop with me when

I travel. DO I ___________ my laptop when travelling.

Collocations Phrasal verbs

Mobile phones, apart (1) ____ being important status symbols among teens, are useful when pupils want to cheat in exams. Many parents are (2) ____ on their children carrying mobile phones with them when they go (3) ____ in case there’s an emergency; but for teachers, mobile phones anywhere on school premises can (4) ____ problems, in addition (5) ____ the cheating threat. While mobile phones may not be responsible (6) ____ cheating, some teachers believe they have a negative effect. While there are kids with expensive phones, there are other children with less trendy models, creating a form of discrimination.

1 A for B from C to D with 2 A fond B happy C enthusiastic D keen 3 A off B on C out D for 4 A make B do C cause D begin 5 A to B with C of D from 6 A for B at C in D with

Collocation is the natural way words go together.

Verb and nounI do homework but I make a mistake.

These verbs and nouns go together: ban drugs, smoking; cause problems, an accident; reach a destination, a place; start the car, a family; tell the truth, a story.

Verb and prepositionTeens look at images on the screen.I never listen to classical music.Talk about a day in your digital life.

Adjective + prepositionI am very keen on Italian cuisine.She is responsible for looking after the children.

A phrasal verb consists of a verb and a preposition or adverb that modifies or changes the meaning of the verb.

The IWB broke down a couple of times.I googled it and came across some other sites. I have had an iPad for three years and now I can’t do without it.The thing that really put me off the Internet was security.You must switch your mobiles on/off.Advertisers are busy working out a way to use the Internet.

Language development p. 98

1Flash on GrammarPresent simple and continuous 1 Complete these sentences using the verbs in

brackets.

1 I always ____________ (switch off) my mobile when I’m in class.

2 I ____________ (switch off) the computer now. 3 They usually ____________ (get up) early and

immediately turn on their computers. 4 A Where are you? B I ____________ (wait) for you outside the

cinema! 5 She ____________ (stay) in her friend’s house

for the summer. 6 If I don’t know a word I ____________ (just/

google) it.

2 Read the answers first and then write the questions using the prompts given.

1 talk on mobile A _______________________________________ B No, I am not. 2 your brother / surf / Net / every afternoon A _______________________________________ B No, he does his homework. 3 snow / in Paris A _______________________________________ B Yes, everything’s white. 4 study / Chinese A _______________________________________ B I want to learn it, that’s why!

Present perfect simple and continuous 3 Complete the sentences using the words in

brackets.

1 How long ________ (you/know) how to use a computer?

2 I ________ (learn) Japanese but I still don’t know much.

3 We can go out now because I ________ (finish) the work I was doing.

4 Do you know how long I ________ (stand) here waiting for you?

5 ____________ (you/visit) those sites I recommended?

6 She ________ (write) a book for years and she still ________ (not finish).

4 In pairs, ask and answer questions with ever and never.

Past simple vs Present perfect 5 Underline the correct tense.

1 Yesterday, I wrote/have written down the name of a website, but I can’t find it anywhere.

2 My laptop broke down/has broken down again. 3 I have had/had an iPad for 3 years and I use it

every day. 4 I learnt/have learnt to use a computer when

I was at school. 5 I worked/have worked very hard when I was a

pupil. 6 Last night, we downloaded/have downloaded a

video clip.

Past simple and continuous 6 Complete these sentences using the words in

brackets.

1 We ___________ (chat) online when mum ___________ (tell) us to go to bed.

2 I ___________ (watch) TV when the earthquake ___________ (take) place. What ___________ (you/do)?

3 The sun ___________ (shine) so we ___________ (decide) to go for coffee.

4 Why ___________ (you/run) away when the police officer ___________ (arrive)? ___________ (try) to hide something?

5 I ___________ (not steal) anything from the shop; I ___________ (look) for a new laptop.

Round up! 7 Complete this email with the most suitable

verb tense.

break write (x 2) sit enjoy be visit study stay live bring

13

Hi Helen, I (1) _________ this message from an internet café in Rome. I (2) _________ here for hours checking my emails. I (3) _________ my laptop with me to Italy but it (4) _________ down yesterday, which is really annoying! I (5) _________ with a friend near the pyramid in San Paolo. My friend (6) _________ near the cemetery where Keats is buried. Remember Keats? He (7) _________ that lovely poem about Autumn that we (8) _________ at school. A couple of days ago we (9) _________ the place and it was very moving. I (10) _________ here for a almost a week now and I (11) _________ every minute of it. It really is the most beautiful city in the world.

WB p. 6

WB p. 6

1 eat / snails? 2 play / rugby? 3 go / London? 4 find / money?

5 meet / famous person? 6 sleep / friend’s house? 7 read / an ebook? 8 anybody / steal / your mobile?

WB p. 7

Flash on Skills1

14

Social MediaBefore you read 1 Do you agree or disagree with the following

statements? Why?/Why not?

1 Networking sites give teens the freedom to express themselves.

2 Social media is a good way to spend our free time.

3 Networking sites teach you about other people’s problems.

4 Social media is useful when we are doing our lessons.

3 F Four sentences have been removed from the article. Choose from the sentences A-E the one which best fits each gap. There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use.

A Thus, social media helps us to help others less fortunate than ourselves.

B Social media allows them to have time to reconnect.

C Parents worry about how their kids are using social media.

D Strangers may get access to this sensitive data.

E This can be done through blogging or through a personal web page.

SOCIAL MEDIA EXPLAINED

= I’m eating a donut

= I like donuts= here I am, eating a donutReading

2 Read the text. Does the writer agree or disagree with these opinions?

Listening 4 1.04 Listen to five people who read the article above;

which speakers like/dislike social media?

5 1.04 F Listen again. Choose from the list A-E what each speaker says about social media.

A Teens work very hard. B People should read more books. C Social media is a good leisure time activity. D This person is interested in what’s happening in the world. E School subjects are easier.

Speaker 1 Speaker 3 Speaker 5 Speaker 2 Speaker 4

A new survey reveals that a quarter of teens log on to their favourite social media sites ten or more times each day. So, what kind of an impact is social media having on today’s youth?

New technologies have brought important changes in the lives of today’s teenagers in the UK.

First of all, a teen social networking site gives today’s teenagers the freedom to express themselves and show the world who they really are. 1 These sites allow teenagers to write about their lives and their experiences and share them with the world. Secondly, a teen social networking site allows teenagers to connect with people of their own age. They realise that what other teenagers term as ‘weird’ may not be so weird in other places. In general, social networking sites provide teenagers with an enjoyable way of spending their free time. For 65% per cent of the 16-24 year-olds, talking to their friends via Facebook and Twitter, is their number one leisure activity. They don’t have the places or the time to hang out like their parents did. 2

But it’s not all about having fun. More than half of teens (55%) say social media sites like Facebook and Twitter have

made them wake up to the needs of others. For example, thousands of teens go hungry as part of campaigns to raise funds to help people who are starving. 3

Teenagers also use the Internet to help them with homework; in such cases, they spend at least three hours a week searching for useful information. In short, teen social networking sites give teenagers the opportunity to be the person they want the world to know. They can begin a new life in cyberspace.

But we should bear in mind the dangers of social networking. For example: teens sometimes post texts or photos online that they later regret; private information could include their address, phone number or when the family will be taking a long vacation; 4 Then there’s time: 22% of teens say they check their sites more than ten times a day!

There is also the risk of bullying and making fun of others. It is easier to take risks and misbehave online than it is in real life!

15

Speaking 6 In pairs, discuss these questions.

1 What is your response to the reading text? Do you agree or disagree?

2 Why is social media important to you? 3 How has it changed you or your life?

7 F Look at the photos A and B. They represent different ways of learning at school. Talk to each other about why it might be important to do these different activities. Then decide the advantages and disadvantages. Finally, say which you prefer and why.

A I think it’s more fun using computers in class. B I don’t agree. I prefer working with other

students.

Writing 8 Read the magazine article in exercise 2 again

and do these tasks.

1 Find words or phrases that have to do with digital social media, for example log on to, etc.

2 Which two tenses are used a lot? 3 Choose the best title for the reading text from: a Social media: its impact on UK teens b Social media: good or bad? c Social media: what does it mean to teens? 4 How many paragraphs are there? 5 Find examples of connectors, for example first

of all, etc. 6 Find examples of colourful language, for

example to expand their horizons.

EXAM STRATEGIESWhen writing an article, the aim is to interest the reader in your opinions. You should demonstrate that you can do the following: use grammar and vocabulary fairly accurately

but above all have the ability to get your message across

describe, narrate, express opinions, say you agree or disagree

use colourful language

How to prepare? read magazines in English note the layout of articles practise using paragraphs note the use of catchy titles

9 F You have seen this announcement in an international teen magazine.

Write your answer in an appropriate style. Use 120-180 words. Before you begin:

1 Make notes on your ideas. 2 Work with a partner and discuss these

questions: a What uses do you/your friends make of social

media? b Give an example of: fun uses of social media;

something useful you have learnt from social media; new friends you have made on social media.

3 Use this plan. Paragraph 1: what social media is and how it

has in general changed people’s lives, for good or bad.

Paragraph 2: the use you and your friends make of social media and how frequently.

Paragraph 3: how social media has changed the way you live (choose from entertainment, education, social life).

Paragraph 4: finally, in short, sum up your view of social media and restate what the main impact it has had on you and your friends.

A

B

Competition: the 21st century teenagerWhat impact has social media had on your life and that of your friends?

Entertainment? Information? Social life? Exploration? You decide!

The best article will be published in next month’s magazine.

1Culture

16

Feelings2 Feeling sorry for yourself?

3 Read the statements and write T (true) or F (false). Then correct the false statements.

1 The writer has been teaching for ten years. ___ 2 A new pupil joins the writer’s class. ___ 3 John is a student with learning difficulties. ___ 4 The writer of this text is a university teacher. ___ 5 The writer and John got on well. ___ 6 John took part in the writer’s lesson. ___ 7 The writer went to Ireland for a short holiday. ___ 8 John’s new job is making furniture. ___

4 Look at the words in bold in the text: are they nouns, verbs or adjectives?

1 Imagine yourself in the position of the people in the photos. How does that make you feel?

excited afraid nervous embarrassed angry proud depressed

2 1.05 Listen and read this extract from an interview with a teacher and answer the questions.

1 Which of the situations above does the text mention?

2 What is unusual about John?

I’ve been teaching for about 25 years now and one thing I have learnt is this: a good teacher is always ready to learn.About 10 years ago, I was teaching students with learning difficulties in a school in Bristol. My classroom had become famous in the school as I had got a reputation for success by encouraging students to believe in themselves. One day, the head told me that a trainee teacher had arrived in school and had asked to observe my classes. As we were going to meet John, the head told me that the student was disabled.As John was approaching, I noticed that he had prosthetic legs – and he had no hands. At first, I felt nervous but John’s friendly eye contact made me feel relaxed and created a warmth and respect between us.I had prepared my pupils for John’s visit – I had told them that it was rude to stare, but they still felt embarrassed and could not help staring… John sat quietly in the corner and watched me teaching. He had been watching me for about half an hour, when suddenly he asked if he could show the children something on the blackboard: he took a piece of chalk between his ‘arms’ and began to write – in better blackboard writing than mine. A year later, I moved to Ireland. I’ve been living there ever since; but I once returned to Bristol for a few months to run a bookshop. After I had been back for about a week, I was opening the shop one morning when John appeared. He had heard that somebody was coming from Ireland to run the shop and had guessed it was me. ‘Have you been teaching all this time?’ I asked. He told me that he had given up teaching as it had got too difficult. ‘I’ve been doing lots of exciting things.’ ‘Like what?’ I asked. ‘Have you seen that furniture shop up the road?’ he said. ‘Oh, so you run a shop too?’ ‘No, my wife runs it. I make all the furniture!’John hadn’t changed! Since I last saw him, he had become a furniture maker and he had taken up skiing. I was stunned. Since then every time I’ve felt sorry for myself, I’ve thought about John and his incredible life...

5 Match these definitions with the words in bold.

1 impolite ___________ 2 unable to use part of the

body or brain fully ___________ 3 to give someone confidence

or hope ___________ 4 the things people say

about us, good or bad ___________ 5 to control or organise ___________ 6 to come closer ___________

Read the last paragraph again: how do you ‘cheer yourself up’? What advice do you give to friends who are ‘feeling sorry’ for themselves?

FLASH FORWARD

AB

17

2 8 Complete the text with the correct form of the

verbs below.

do not give up take part be play bring snow not see build have

6 Complete with the Past perfect simple of the verbs in brackets.

1 I got wet in the rain because I ___________ (forget) to take an umbrella.

2 I felt excited because I ___________ (be) to Paris before!

3 ___________ (have) many girlfriends before you met me?

4 I couldn’t pay the taxi-driver because I ___________ (lose) my wallet.

7 Complete with the Past perfect continuous of the verbs in brackets.

1 I was tired: I ___________ (work) all night. 2 The film was boring: we ___________ (watch)

it for a whole hour and nothing had happened. 3 I was angry because I realised you __________

(not tell) me the truth. It was a lie. 4 It ___________ (snow) all night and the roads

were blocked.

Past perfect simple and continuousMy classroom had become famous in the school.John hadn’t changed!Had he given up teaching?He had been watching me for about half an hour.

Find more examples of the Past perfect simple and the Past perfect continuous in the text. Underline them.

GRAMMAR

D

C NEVER GIVE UP!How exciting! It was my first time in Switzerland. I (1) ___________ such high mountains before. The snow was one metre deep. It (2) ___________ for two whole days! The children were out in the snow: they (3) ___________ in the snow all day. They (4) ___________ a snowman and now they were throwing snowballs at each other. Some people (5) ___________ their skis with them and they were getting ready to ski. Unfortunately, I (6) ___________ an accident a couple of years before and I was now a wheelchair user. I (7) ___________ very fond of skiing since I was a teenager and I (8) _____ even ___________ in competitions. Now, I (9) ___________ anything for two whole years. It was boring, doing nothing, but I (10) ___________ the idea of taking up skiing again one day, somehow!

Vocabulary: Feelings 9 Look at these adjectives and decide if they

describe positive (P) or negative (N) feelings.

1 tired ___ 9 embarrassed ___ 2 nervous ___ 10 respectful ___ 3 exciting ___ 11 rude ___ 4 encouraging ___ 12 proud ___ 5 friendly ___ 13 boring ___ 6 relaxed ___ 14 warm ___ 7 angry ___ 15 amazed ___ 8 stunned ___ 16 depressed ___

Say it! 10 Complete these sentences with an adjective so

that they are true for you. Then compare with a partner.

1 When I come home from school I feel _______. 2 A good teacher is _______. 3 I think history is _______. 4 Going to new countries is _______. 5 When people are rude to me I feel _______.

FLASHPOINT

I feel bored (with this book) but the book is boring.I feel excited by the film but the film is exciting.

Grammar reference p. 117

18

2Significant others 1 Read this text and make a list of ‘significant others’ in your life.

Significant others are people who have changed our lives in important ways and who still have an influence on us. It may be a friend who stuck by us when we were going through a difficult time or a teacher who believed in us.

2 1.06 Listen to some people talking about the significant others in their life. Which people are they talking about?

3 1.06 F Listen again and complete the notes.

I remember her because she made me feel (1) ___________. I had broken my arm when I was playing (2) ___________ and it put me off sport forever. Every Wednesday our class used to go to the local swimming baths and I remember Mrs Cooper would really encourage me to get into the water and start (3) ___________ ; that’s when she taught me how to swim.

Luke

Susan

He used to work in a (4) ___________. He used to work at night and sleep during the (5) ___________. At Christmas time he always used to take us kids to the (6) ___________. He was a gentle, patient, generous man.

Lisa

She always used to (7) ___________ me when I did badly in tests at school. She would always support me. Once I was feeling very (8) ___________ when Helen said ‘let’s go for a pizza!’ and that really (9) _______ me up! She was always so encouraging.

Read the sentences and say who they refer to.

1 He/She was hard-working and very kind.2 He/She made me feel better when I was

feeling down.3 I learnt something really useful from

him/her.

FLASH FORWARD

19

2Talking about feelings in the pastMrs Cooper always encouraged me.I was feeling very depressed.I really used to worry about tests.

FUNCTIONS

7 Have you ever felt shy? When was the last time you felt embarrassed? Write short statements using the adjectives below.

shy embarrassed successful happy

confident angry sad nervous

Say it! 8 In pairs, use exercise 7 to make a dialogue.

A I felt really embarrassed when... B Not cool! How embarrassing! What happened?

Vocabulary: Relationships 9 Complete the missing letters in these words.

FLASHPOINT

I am used to life here/living here (I am familiar with life here).You get used to life alone (it becomes normal, you accept it).

used to / wouldHe used to take us to the circus.I didn’t use to do well in tests.Did you use to play football?She would always support me.

Find more examples of used to and would in the extracts. Underline them.

GRAMMAR

1 m___m/mother 2 dad/fa___r 3 te___cher 4 br___ther 5 sist___ 6 a___nt 7 ___ncle 8 co___sins 9 f___nd 10 ne___bour 11 neph___ 12 nie___

13 grandp___nts 14 brother-in-l___w 15 sister-___-law 16 st___-father 17 st___-m_____ 18 b___t-friend 19 godf___r 20 godm___r 21 fian___ 22 fianc___ 23 g___friend 24 boy___

Say it! 10 Draw a circle in your notebook with your name

in the middle. Put the people above in it. The closer to your name, the more important they have been in your life so far. Then tell your partner about the people in your circle and why you put them there.

This is my best friend and she’s really important in my life because she has always been there for me when I’m feeling down…

Critical thinking 11 In pairs, ask and answer the following questions.

What kind of education did you receive in your childhood, strict or permissive? If you had children, would you do the same or would you decide to do just the opposite and why?

Grammar reference p. 117

6 Underline the correct option.

1 I didn’t use/used to like gymnastics but now I have got used/use to it.

2 At first, it was horrible being in a wheelchair but I am getting used/used to it now.

3 I live in Florence now but I used to live/living in Rome.

4 I did not use/am not used to speaking a foreign language but I am sure it will get easier.

4 Underline the correct form of used to/would.

1 My mum used to work/work as a nurse but now she’s retired.

2 Did you use/used to enjoy maths at school? 3 I didn’t use to/would eat meat but now I eat a bit. 4 Holidays were great; we would to get up/get

up late and spend all day at the beach. 5 Didn’t you use to/Wouldn’t you live in London

when you were a child? 6 My favourite teacher used to/was used to tell

great stories.

5 Complete this text with the Past simple, Past continuous and used to.

My favourite primary school teacher, Mrs Cooper, (1) ___________ (bring) a talking parrot to class. I remember one day I (2) ___________ (behave) very badly when the teacher (3) ___________ (see) me – it

was Friday afternoon, games day; you see, on Friday we (4) ___________ (not/have) proper lessons; we did fun things. Anyway, I (5) ___________ (pour) sand

and bits of Lego down a little girl’s back when she (6) ___________ (scream). The teacher (7) ___________

(not/see) me do it because she (8) ___________ (write) on the board at the time. The teacher turned round and looked at me…

Testo2

20

7 Complete and answer the questions so that they are true for you, then compare with a partner.

1 What do you do to ______ yourself ______ when you feel depressed?

2 How do you think it feels to ______ a grandparent for the first time?

3 Have you ever fallen ______ a friend? How did you feel about it?

4 Do you ______ things ______ in books or do you google them? Which is better?

5 If you could take ______ any new sport or a hobby, what would you choose?

6 Have you ever ______ a test or a task you had to do? How did you feel?

7 What is the best age to get ______ and have children?

8 Are you the kind of person who gives ______ easily when things are difficult?

Use of English2Life events 1 Order these phrases about important stages in

life to make a story.

6 F Read this text and think of a word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap.

The most important

event in my life!

It’s (1) ______ true story. I (2) ______ just finished university in York and had applied (3) ______ a job teaching English in China. I was feeling very nervous. I had (4) ______ done any real work in my life and I knew nothing (5) ______ English grammar. Before the interview for the job, I had to look (6) ______ ‘conditionals’ in my grammar book, because I didn’t know what (7) ______ were. I (8) ______ received an email the week before asking me to go for an interview in London. I was really worried I would mess up (9) ______ interview because I always did badly at interviews. But everything went well and I took up the offer of a job teaching English (10) ______ Shanghai. I liked the place at once. But the most amazing thing was this: I fell in (11) ______ with the first student I ever met. Two years later, we got married and we now (12) ______ three lovely children.

make friends get married fall in love go out 1 be born have children

2 Compare your answers with a partner. Do you have the same story?

3 Complete the dialogues with a word or phrase.

1 A When did you ______ with Paul? And what made you ______ with him?

B When we where still at school. I couldn’t resist him. Very good-looking.

2 A At what age would you like to get ______? B I want to get ______ when I have a job and

I am ready to settle down. 3 A How did you start ______ with Lisa? B Well, first we ______ friends and then

I asked her to come for coffee. 4 A How many children do you want to ______? B Just two, a boy and a girl.

4 Practise the dialogues with your partner. Make changes so they are true for you.

Phrasal verbs (up)

get engaged fall out break up become a grandparent make up

5 Rewrite the sentences changing the underlined words to a phrasal verb in the correct form.

1 After our quarrel, we stopped talking; then, we became friends again.

2 Nothing could make her feel happy after she failed the test.

3 She didn’t do very well at the interview. 4 Don’t stop trying – you can succeed! 5 After five years they decided to separate. 6 Why don’t you start painting or yoga classes?

break up with one’s girlfriend or boyfriend (separate)

cheer up a friend, yourself, cheer sb up (start to feel happier)

give up a bad habit, trying (stop) look up a difficult word, some information

(check something in a dictionary/online) make up with a friend, a story (become

friends again, create a story) mess up a task, a test, an interview (make a

mistake or do something badly) take up a hobby, a sport, an offer (start,

accept)

Language development p. 98

21

2Flash on Grammar

21

5 In pairs, ask and answer questions beginning with ‘Did you use to... ?’.

0 live / house or flat? A Did you use to live in a house or flat when

you were a child? B In a flat. What about you? 1 go / bed / early? 2 stay / with / grandparents? 3 be / afraid / the dark? 4 have / a pet? 5 go / the seaside / in the summer?

be used to / get used to 6 Fill in the gaps using the correct form of the

words below.

make go live read have work

1 London seemed strange to me but I am getting used to ______ here now.

2 She didn’t use to ______ a lot of money but now she’s very well off.

3 She is used to ______ hard – she has always loved her job, you see.

4 She used to ______ out with Paolo but they’ve broken up now.

5 No, I will never get used to ______ ebooks. I prefer real books.

6 Did the other kids use to ______ fun of you at school?

Round up! 7 Complete the text with used to, would, the

Past perfect and the Past perfect continuous.

The most important person in my lifeMy father has been the most important influence on my life. Why? Well, first of all, he (1) ___________ never __________ (shout) at us and he (2) __________ always ___________ (listen) carefully to us. He was a great listener. Our grandmother (3) ___________ (be) a very patient women and I think he (4) ___________ (take) after her. He gave me confidence in myself. For example, my first bicycle: I (5) ___________ (try) to ride it for weeks and I kept falling off. He (6) ___________ (watch) me from a distance and just said ‘try again’. But he never lost patience. He (7) ___________ (work) at night in a factory, so when he got home, he (8) ___________ (work) all night and he was very sleepy. After he (9) __________ (retire) from work, he spent more time with us so he (10) ___________ (tell) us bedtime stories. It was magical. Dad was a really gentle, generous person.

WB p. 14

WB p. 15

Past perfect simple and continuous 1 Complete the sentences with the Past perfect

simple or continuous.

1 My classmates ________ become famous in the school for their noise!

2 I ________ got a reputation for success. 3 I ________ working in a bookshop for a few

weeks when my friend turned up. 4 _____ you ________ living in Italy for very

long?

2 Complete the sentences with the Past perfect simple or continuous.

1 After I ________ (finish) my studies, I had a year off.

2 I ________ (try) to pass my driving test for three years when I finally succeeded.

3 I was anxious. I looked at the notice-board. I ________ (achieve) top marks in the test!

4 Since I last saw her, Jane ________ (take up) skiing.

5 ____ you ________ (have) lessons for very long before you learnt to speak Spanish?

6 She ____ never ________ (leave) Italy before she went to Switzerland on a school trip.

3 Correct these sentences.

1 When all the passengers were boarding, the plane took off.

2 He felt very tired the next day because he had been being awake all night.

3 She worked as a teacher for 45 years when she decided to stop work.

4 I was very hungry because I had been eating all day.

5 After they had been marrying for a year, they decided to have a baby.

6 I had been study all night because I had an exam the day after.

used to / would 4 Fill in the gaps with used to or would.

WhenIwasachildI(1)______beafraidofthedarkandmyparents(2)______letmesleepwiththelighton.SometimesI(3)______wakeupinthemiddleofthenight,screaming;mymumordad(4)______rushtomyroomtoseewhatwaswrong.Yousee,I(5)______havebaddreamsbutinthemorningI(6)______forgetallaboutthem.Andyou?(7)______youusetobeafraidofthedark?Doyourememberyourdreams?

WB p. 14

22

Flash on Skills2

22

Self-esteemBefore you read 1 Look at pictures A and B

and match them with their caption; what is the message in each cartoon?

Reading 3 Skim the text quickly. Are the statements above true according to the text?

Abraham Maslow: from Mentally Unstable to Self-esteem GuruAbraham Maslow was born in New York. His parents had emigrated to the USA to escape from Tsarist Russia. He was the oldest of eight children and so the other kids in the family looked up to him. 1 This was a blow to his self-esteem, which he never forgot. At school, young Maslow had a tough time , for his teachers didn’t like him and the other children bullied him. He didn’t get on with his mother and he made few friends. 2 He also joined many school clubs, edited a school magazine and took lots of exercise. He took up weight-lifting to make himself look tough. In the end, he got to University, studied psychology, married and became a father. 3 These experiences influenced his psychological idea of self-esteem and its importance in leading a happy life.

What Is Self-esteem?Self-esteem is how we feel about ourselves or the picture we have of ourselves. It includes beliefs and feelings such as confidence and pride. Self-esteem is not about facts but rather what one believes to be true about oneself. Self-esteem is important because it influences – and can predict – academic achievement, including success at school, at university and in tests. 4 Self-esteem can apply to a specific dimension (for example, ‘I believe I am a good athlete and I feel happy about that’ or 5 ; but self-esteem – or the lack of it – can be more general: for example, ‘I believe I deserve respect and so do others’. Researchers describe self-esteem with statements like ‘I am good at tennis’, ‘I am competent’, ‘I am respected’, ‘I am loved’. They usually measure self-esteem on a continuous scale. For example, the Rosenberg test scores each item out of four; it requires participants to indicate their level of agreement with statements about themselves.

strongly disagree disagree agree strongly agreeI feel I do not have much to be proud of.

People with healthy self-esteem:• believeincertainvaluesanddefendthemagainstopposition• 6• donotfeelguiltywhenothersdon’tliketheirchoiceThere is much more to say about self-esteem but this will give you food for thought.

4 F Read the text again. Six sentences have been removed from it. Choose from the sentences A-G the one which fits each gap. There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use.

A I know I’m the best at English in the class. B When he was growing up, a psychologist said he was ‘mentally unstable’. C In addition, self-esteem is important because it is connected with psychological well-being: our mental health. D Later, he also saw the horrors of war. E Feel confident enough to change their beliefs. F He won a scholarship to Harvard. G However, he was a good student and loved reading.

A

2 Do you agree or disagree with the following statements? Why?/Why not?

1 Self-esteem is about what other people think of us. 2 You need self-esteem to do well at school. 3 Self-esteem means respecting other people.

4 Self-esteem means coming first, being the best. 5 You can’t measure self-esteem.

B

1 What matters most is how you see yourself.

2 Before you say anything, remember the educational importance of self-esteem.

23

2CLIL

23

Speaking 5 Complete the chart below, using the scores: 3-0.

Then compare your answers with a partner.

strongly agree: 3 disagree: 1agree: 2 strongly disagree: 0

Statement Score

1 I believe I deserve respect and happiness.

2 I believe others deserve respect.

3 I feel I do not have much to be proud of.

4 I believe in certain values and defend them against opposition.

5 I feel confident enough to change my beliefs.

6 I do not feel guilty when others don’t like my choices.

7 I believe I am good at some subjects and I feel happy about that.

8 I believe I am respected.

9 I believe I am loved.

Listening 6 1.07 You are going to hear a lecture about

Abraham Maslow’s best known theory. Look at the diagram. Can you guess what this theory is about? Listen to the lecture: were you right?

7 1.07 F Listen again and complete the notes in the diagram.

Writing 8 Complete the following.

1 one fact about me: ______________________ _________________________________________

2 something I believe is true about me: ________ _________________________________________

3 an example of my values: _________________ _________________________________________

9 You are going to write a brief biography of an important person in your life, your ‘significant other’. Before you begin:

1 Make notes on your ideas. 2 Decide on a logical order for the events. 3 Think of: a which tenses are you going to use: Past

simple, Present perfect, Past continuous, Past perfect, used to, etc.

b key words for your topic: verbs (look up to, cheer up, etc.), nouns (respect, self-esteem, etc.), adjectives (proud, friendly, etc.);

c colourful language you can use, for example adverbs, adjectives, idiomatic expression, etc.

d appropriate linkers: at first, in the end, etc. 4 Use this plan: Paragraph 1: the person’s past (where he/

she was born; where he/she grew up; his/her studies, work, achievements);

Paragraph 2: how you know him/her; Paragraph 3: why he/she influenced you and

became important to you.

10 P Write your biography (120-150 words).

Self-actualisation

Self-esteemYou deserve

(6) __________ and happiness.

Love and BelongingYou feel you are part of a

(4) __________ or group of (5) __________.

SafetyYou must not feel your life is (2) ____________.

For example, (3) ____________ at school .

PhysiologicalYou mustn’t feel hungry or (1) ____________.

EXAM STRATEGIESA narrative text can be a short story or a text about someone’s life (biography, autobiography).You should demonstrate that you can do the following: develop a clear storyline, with a beginning, a

middle and an end use appropriate past tenses use interesting adjectives, adverbs and expressions

to give ‘colour’ to your text use linkers, especially time expressions use your imagination to get the reader’s interest and

keep it!

24

Flashback12

GRAMMARPresent simple and continuous 1 Underline the correct option.

1 I never play/’m never playing video games. 2 I often see/am often seeing people talking on

their mobiles while they are driving. 3 The boys are arguing/argue about a video game. 4 We are watching/watch at a video on youtube. 5 She is writing/writes her blog every day. 6 I’m looking/look for my memory stick. Have

you seen it? 7 She enjoys/is enjoying surfing the Net in her

free time. 8 They spend/are spending ages on Facebook –

they don’t have/are not having any real friends.

Present perfect simple and continuous 2 Complete the sentences with the correct form

of the verbs below.

read buy walk look wait start

know finish

1 I __________ to learn French. I had my second lesson today.

2 I __________ an iPhone because I don’t think I need one.

3 She __________ for work for months and she can’t find anything.

4 They __________ for news about their missing dog but there’s still none.

5 How long _____ you ________ your best-friend? 6 _____ you __________ that book since March?

It’s only short! 7 _____ you __________ with the laptop? Can I

check my emails now? 8 They __________ in the rain without an

umbrella – they’re soaking wet.

Present perfect vs Past simple 3 Complete the sentences with the correct form

of the words in brackets.

1 I __________ my computer for five years but now it __________ working. (have/stop)

2 I __________ a new flash drive yesterday. (buy) 3 __________ Indian food? (you/ever/eat) 4 I __________ my mobile on the train on my

way to school. (leave) 5 Tony __________ a film from the Internet.

(never/download) 6 _____ police __________ the hackers who

________ into the bank’s computer? (arrest/get) 7 Mr Thomas __________ my phone off me in

the Maths lesson. (take) 8 I __________ any messages today. (not/receive)

Past simple and continuous 4 Complete the sentences with the correct form

of the verbs below.

take look discover meet say work

1 Columbus __________ for India when he discovered the New World.

2 Gandhi __________ part in a peaceful march when the police arrested him.

3 John Lennon was playing in the Quarrymen band when he __________ Paul McCartney.

4 Tim Berners-Lee __________ as a scientist when he invented the World Wide Web.

5 Alfred Nobel was working in his factory when he accidentally __________ dynamite.

6 Armstrong was stepping onto the moon when he _________: ‘This is one small step for a man’.

Past perfect vs Past continuous 5 Correct the underlined words.

1 I was always known I would become a teacher. 2 They had shouted when the teacher walked in. 3 Had they playing on the computer when their

mum arrived? 4 Have you known him long before you got

married? 5 I had tidied my room when you rang. 6 Paul did never seen an elephant before he

went to the zoo with his mum.

Past perfect simple and continuous 6 Complete the sentences with the correct form

of the verbs below.

be think decorate leave work

study change rain

1 He told me he __________ as a barman for five years when he decided to retrain as a web designer.

2 The restaurant __________ a lot since I had last been there.

3 I __________ about getting a new computer when my Dad arrived with a new laptop!

4 ______ you __________ to Asia before you went to Thailand this summer?

5 It __________ all day and all night. The clothes on the line were soaking wet!

6 Ann __________ French for two years when she decided to go to France for six months.

7 Although we __________ the house early we still missed the train.

8 He was covered in paint because he __________ the kitchen all morning.

Flashback 12

25

used to and would 7 Complete the sentences with the correct form

of used to or would and the verbs below.

play have make get like lie

1 I _________ a scooter, but I sold it. 2 I _________ vegetables. I do now. 3 She _________ the clarinet at school. 4 Mum, _________ your teachers _________

angry if you arrived late at school? 5 He used to go to the beach and he _________

there all day. 6 In tests, at school I used to finish first but

I _________ a lot of mistakes.

Round up! 8 Underline the correct option.

At last, John (1) has started/had started his new job. He is now (2) working/worked at Trentham girls’ school. He (3) has been waiting/is waiting anxiously for months to start. He (4) has never/had never worked in an all girls’ school before and he (5) had not been teaching/didn’t teach for very long, so he was a bit nervous. He (6) walked/was walking into the school on his first day when he (7) has seen/saw two girls in uniform smoking in the car park. Later, in the classroom, as he (8) was taking/had been taking the register, two girls arrived late. They were the same two girls that he (9) saw/had seen in the car park. They said that their bus (10) broke/had broken down. He just told them to sit down and continued with the lesson. He was a strict teacher but he never (11) use/used to raise his voice. The girls (12) had respected/respected him and he became their favourite teacher.

VOCABULARYPhrasal verbs 9 Complete the sentences.

1 I b____ up with my boyfriend after we had a bad argument.

2 Their old car keeps b____ down. 3 Her jokes always c____ me up when I’m

feeling sad. 4 Your negative comments about the film p____

me off going to see it. 5 We’re trying to w____ out the answer to the

last clue in the crossword puzzle. 6 I c____ across an interesting website about

new gadgets on the Internet the other day. 7 If I don’t know something, l____ it up online. 8 I can’t k____ up with all the homework – our

teacher gives us too much to do!

Computer words 10 Complete the sentences with one word.

download switch digital stores security

viruses hack computer

What puts me off using computers most is (1) _________. Apart from damaging your (2) _________, some (3) _________ can be used to (4) _________ into your personal data! But the good news? I recently bought an e-reader. It (5) _________ books in (6) _________ form. It’s great. I can (7) _________ thousands of electronic books onto it very cheaply and when I (8) _________ it on I can access my whole library! Before I got one I had run out of space on my book shelves!

Adjectives 11 Underline the correct option.

1 My teacher told me off in front of everyone. I was really embarrassing/embarrassed.

2 I didn’t enjoy the film. It was really bored/boring.

3 I love studying history. I find it amazed/interesting.

4 The party we went to was terrible. It was exciting/disappointing.

5 I’m very excited/exciting about going to the concert to see my favourite band.

6 I can’t follow these instructions. They are a bit bored/confusing.

7 Those kids stole my mobile! I was really disappointing/angry.

8 She’s a great teacher. She is really encouraging/disrespectful.

12 How do you feel in the following situations? Use the adjectives in the box.

shy embarrassed successful happy

confident angry sad depressed bored nervous relaxed friendly excited

1 You’ve messed up a test. _______________________________________

2 You’ve passed an important test. _______________________________________

3 Someone has stolen your mobile phone. _______________________________________

4 You have to speak in front of a lot of people. _______________________________________

5 You have to read a difficult book for school. _______________________________________

6 You are going to take a Maths test. _______________________________________