flashpoints in 3d printing and trade mark law, amanda scardamaglia

7/21/2019 Flashpoints in 3D Printing and Trade Mark Law, Amanda Scardamaglia

1/26

"#$%&' !"#$%&'()*$ () ,- ./()*()6 #)< ?/# 1#=

()$*+,' 25#)


2/26

Aclsbpiehts eh 0D Vrehtehm lhd Trldn Klrj Clw

L KLHDL P@L_DLKLMCEL *

Lostrl`t

Tbes lrte`cn ìhsednrs tbn prnveiuscy uhnxpcirnd trldn klrj rncltnd essuns lresehm arik 0D prehtehm. Et drlws ih tbn nxestehm auturns desìursn ti airn`lst tbn pisseocn auturns air 0D preht lhd trldn klrj clw, wetb lh nspnèlc aiùs ih tbn vlreius aclsbpiehts lt wbe`b 0D prehtehm lhd trldn klrj clw kly ìccedn, eh cembt ia tbn prign`tnd lhd nxpn`tnd ehùkonht rnspihsn ti tbes hnw lhd nknrmehm tn`bhicimy.

< Ehtridu`teih

Uiu hnvnr `blhmn tbehms oy aembtehm tbn nxestehm rnlcety. Ti `blhmnsikntbehm, ouecd l hnw kidnc tblt kljns tbn nxestehm kidnc iosicntn. Ou`jkehstnr Auccnr ( +' + 5'( +$6(* %'+ $%767$ &% 6 :$+6&?$: 6>>$>>2$%+ '5 +:&*+&'%6? &>>,$> +$%+> '( +>,$> 6(',%: >$*'%:6(= +(6:$26(1 ?&6/&?&+=0

m ]&* #$6A 5?)H, 31&6: %, V02 85 9&%),%)=M

(),6..61,*-. 9&?06&,AM -)' ,$6 L%=$, _


5/26


NLV 4

prehtehm mrldulccy ouecds up l 0D iogn`t, clynr oy clynr, lddehm aeclknhtkltnrelc ti di si.

Eh tnrks ia tbn 0D prehtehm pri`nss, tbn aerst stnp onmehs wetb tbn dnsemh ia l ocunpreht, usulccy `rnltnd wetb l ìkputnr lednd dnsemh (@LD) primrlkknsu`b ls Luti@LD ir Miimcn Pjnt`bup. Lctnrhltevncy, l 0D s`lhhnr ìucd onusnd ti `rnltn l @LD aecn oy s`lhhehm lh nxestehm iogn`t. Tbn @LD aecn esvnrsltecn lhd `lh on sblrnd, ìpend lhd kideaend eh tbn slkn wly ls itbnrìkputnr aecns. Ih`n mnhnrltnd, tbn aecn `lh on usnd ls tbn pcltairk arikwbe`b ti dern`t tbn 0D prehtnr ls ti biw ti `rnltn tbn iogn`t tblt es tbn suogn`tia tbn aecn, clynr oy clynr usehm lh nxtrudnr (ausnd-aeclknht), `bnke`lc lmnht(oehdnr) ir l clsnr (sehtnrehm/knctehm).5

]becn klhy, nspnèlccy kndel ìkknhtltirs, lrn lttrl`tnd (ir destrl`tnd) ehtidrlwehm plrlccncs ontwnnh hnw lhd icd tn`bhicimens, wbnh et ìkns tiprehtehm ia 0D iogn`ts, tbn rnclteihsbep ontwnnh trldeteihlc twi deknhseihlc(?D) prehtnrs ir pbitiìpens lhd 0D prehtnrs es clrmncy supnraeèlc.


6/26

Giurhlc ia Clw, Ehairklteih lhd Pènh`n Qic ?0(?) ?6

ia wbe`b trldeteihlc klhual`turehm tn`bhequns lrn hit wncc suetnd, ir nvnh`lplocn, plrteùclrcy air onspijn pridu`ts.

Tbes wedn-rlhmehm utecety es nvednht eh tbn rn`nht bestiry ia ìkknrèlc 0Dprehtehm.


7/26


NLV 1

nquepknht onìkns kirn laairdlocn lhd tbn preht qulcety eh`rnlsns,ìehèdehm wetb tbn nxpery ia snvnrlc nlrcy jny 0D preht pltnhts. M6+$%+ D'T-CIC-SI^ H5&?$: SV F*+'/$( C^m^\ 6%: @%&+$: #+6+$> M6+$%+ D' T-IVl-VTT H5&?$: m3$*$2/$( C^m^\0

Cf #$$ Y(6:> 6% '%?&%$ :$>&7% 5&?$ ($9'>&+'(=- .$%+> &+>$?5 6> 6*'22,%&+= 5'( :&>*'E$(&%7- 261&%7- 6%: >[ HIVCT\ b J?*&)-. ?> 966&9&?'*1,%?) _>,$>O&>>,$XbX:&>(,9+&'%X6%:X+O*,?+,($>X'5X>X'5X+$X,>$(>OQ HI^ ]6= IVCT\0 F+&7% 5&?$ ($9'>&+'(&$>&%*?,:$ # _0*'2Q HI^ ]6= IVCT\- G,/'='_ >$$ 826%:6 #*6(:6267?&6- Z4[ HIVCS\ IS !*+,&-.%-) (),6..61,*-. 9&?06&,A J?*&)-.III- IlIpIlb0


8/26

Giurhlc ia Clw, Ehairklteih lhd P`enh`n Qic ?0(?) ?6>0 #$$ 6?>' #:? 96+?+ < #-1? D-P-)- - TVT @# fbS HC^^I\0]'($ ($*$%+?=- ++&*$ '5 ++$( + >+'($ 6> 6 +(6:$ 26(10 #$$ !00.6 ()1 +(6?&6- 6% 699?&*6+&'% 5'( +62$ 26(1 .6> ?':7$: /= 899?$A%* /,+ .6> %'+ ($7&>+$($:0 #$$ 8,>+(6?&6% 4(6:$ ]6(1 899?&*6+&'% D,2/$(ClVCmS^ 6%: CVlCmlV0

IS 4 (),6..61,*-. 9&?06&,A /%=$,+ XYYf HZ4BAM#[\>$+> ',+ ++6%:6(:> '5 9('+$*+&'% ($n,&($: 5'( $6*< '5 + '5&%+$??$*+,6? 9('9$(+= ?6.- 6%: .+ /$ 6:&E$ &%+$??$*+,6? 9('9$(+= 9('+$*+&'%- /,+ 56*$9'+$%+&6? >6%*+&'% &5 +0 N&+< ($>9$*+ +'+(6:$ 26(1>- + 6($ $%>&>+$%+ .&+< + ()'*+,&%-. 9&?06&,A - >&7%$: IV ]6(*< CmmS H$%+$($: &%+' 5'(*$ IV]6(*< CmmS\ 2,>+ /$ $?&7&/?$ 5'( ($7&>+(6+&'%0 #,*< >&7%> &%*?,:$ Z96(+&*,?6( .'(:>&%*?,:&%7 9$(>'%6? %62$>- ?$++$(>- %,2$(6?>- 5&7,(6+&E$ $?$2$%+> 6%: *'2/&%6+&'%>'5 *'?',(> 6> .$?? 6> 6%= *'2/&%6+&'% '5 >,*< >&7%>0[ N,/g$*+ 26++$( >$+ ',+ &% 6(+ CT0C :'$> %'+ $L9?&*&+?= ($5$( +' >- >

%$E$(+> 6($ 6**$9+$: +' 56?? .&+


9/26


NLV 2

ìhsednrnd eh tbn ìhtnxt ia 0D prehtehm, et es `cnlr tblt trldn klrj clw es repnair desrupteih oy 0D prehtehm.?> Et es lcsi repn wetb ippirtuhetens.

Eh Lustrlcel, sblpns eh`cudehm 0D sblpns lrn rnmestrlocn pursulht ti tbnnxplhsevn dnaeheteih ia l semh ls ìhtlehnd eh tbn prnvlecehm Trldn Klrjs L`t (@tb), wbe`b eh`cudns lhy cnttnr, wird, hlkn, semhlturn, huknrlc,dnve`n, orlhd, bnldehm, clonc, te`jnt, lspn`t ia pl`jlmehm, sblpn, ìciur, siuhdir s`nht.?1 Tbus, ls wncc ls kljehm nxpceèt priveseih air tbn rnmestrlteih iaìciurs, siuhds lhd s`nhts air tbn aerst tekn eh Lustrlcel, tbn Trldn Klrjs L`t (@tb) wbe`b rnpcl`nd tbn > L`t, lcsi nxplhdnd rnmestrlocn suogn`tklttnr ti nxprnsscy eh`cudn lspn`ts ia pl`jlmehm lhd sblpns. Tbn ihcyqulceaenr air rnmestrlteih es tbn tbrnsbicd rnquernknht tblt tbn semh kustauh`teih ls lh ehde`ltir ia siur`n ir oldmn ia iremeh su`b tblt et es usnd tidestehmuesb ihn pnrsihs miids lhd snrve`ns arik itbnrs.?=

Tbnrn wnrn snvnrlc kitevlteihs air tbn cnmescltevn `blhmn eh Lustrlcel. Iapreklry semheae`lh`n wls tbn hnnd ti nhsurn Lustrlcelh trldn klrj cnmesclteihwls ìhsestnht wetb T_EVP. Clwkljnrs wnrn lcsi cejncy drevnh oy tbn al`t tblttbn losnh`n ia lhy spnèae` stltutiry pritn`teih air 0D klrjs eh tbn > L`tput Lustrlcel lt idds wetb itbnr guresde`teihs su`b ls tbn ^hetnd Ptltns ?2 outplrteùclrcy tbn ^hetnd Jehmdik, wbe`b bld l`tnd ti nhsbrehn T_EVP ehti etstrldn klrj clw eh 6& 6%: k$(6(: D ]67?&'**6- ZM6+$%+>- ]$$+ D69>+$(P S3 M(&%+&%7 6%:

+ +&7% >>$>>&%7 +,/g$*+ 26++$( '5 +(6:$ 26(1 9('+$*+&'% &% +- &+ &> +',(*$ :&>+&%7,&> '%+'?'7&*6?>+6+,> +0

I^ A% +&>+$%+ .&+< 6(+ I '5 +&>+&%7 '5 Z6%= >&7% *696/?$ '5 /$&%7 ($9($>$%+$:7(69- :$>&7%>- ?$++$(>-%,2$(6?>- +,*< >&7%> 6($*696/?$ '5 :&>+&%7,&>$ '5 '+0[ M,(>,6%+ +' + :$5&%&+&'% 6%: + >$+ ',+ &%o?)%)N.%`N69$%.%0+ E.61,&?)%1+ 7d < /6@%)=,?) D?)+*@6& 9&?'*1,+ G,'MG6>$ GXI^Ô^^ ÌVVId ID?@@?) 4-&N6, G-: /60?&,+ TI- 6 >&7% H&%*?,:&%7 >\ *6%%'+ /$ 9($*?,:$: 5('2($7&>+(6+&'% /$*6,>$ &+ &> 9(&26 56*&$ &%*696/?$ '5 6*+&%7 6> 6 /6:7$ '5 '(&7&%0A%>+$6:- 6%= :$+$(2&%6+&'% 6> +' ($7&>+(6+&'% &> *'%+&%7$%+ ,9'% +>$>>2$%+ '5


10/26

Giurhlc ia Clw, Ehairklteih lhd P`enh`n Qic ?0(?) ?6+&%*+&E$%$>>- . :&>>$*+&%7 ++(6+&'% '5> 6> +(6:$ 26(1> &% 8,>+(6?&60 #$$ 5'( $L629?$P R,?&6 Y6&(:- Z4+(6/&?&+='5 J,%*+&'%6? #[ HIVVI\ CS !*+,&-.%-) (),6..61,*-. 9&?06&,A J?*&)-.ICmWM6+(&*&6 )',7


11/26


NLV @rete`lccy, tbn auh`teihlcety di`trehn ipnrltns ti prn`cudnpritn`teih nvnh wbnh tbn nvednh`n nstlocesbns tblt ìhsuknrs blvn ìkn tilssièltn l auh`teihlc pridu`t anlturn wetb l sehmcn siur`n. 01

Tbn piseteih eh Lustrlcel oy ìhtrlst, es alr cnss rnstre`tevn. Tbes es dun ti tbnal`t tbnrn es hi auh`teihlcety di`trehn uhdnr Lustrlcelh trldn klrj clwprnvnhtehm tbn rnmestrlteih ia auh`teihlc sblpns. 0= Hir es tbnrn lhy nxpceètcnmescltevn priveseih ir mriuhd ia rnauslc rncltehm ti auh`teihlc sblpn trldn

klrjs, lctbiumb su`b l ceketlteih wls eh`cudnd eh tbn Trldn Klrjs L`t EF-@%)%)= 9&?16'*&6 H89(&? IVCl $:\ HZ4]KM[\04+6+,+'(= /6>&> +' ($>+(&*+ ($7&>+(6+&'% '% + %'+ ($7&>+$($: &% ++(6?&6[> '/?&76+&'%> ,%:$( 4BAM#- /,+ &+ %$E$( *'22$%*$:6%: .6> $E$%+,6??= ($9?6*$: /= + #&-'6 4-&N+ HIVV^\ CmV JGBbV- .$6,55&*&$%+?= :&>+&%*+&E$ +' n,6?&5= 5'( ($7&>+(6+&'%,%:$( . + lCHC\ '5 +


12/26

Giurhlc ia Clw, Ehairklteih lhd P`enh`n Qic ?0(?) ?6 &%o6)@-) o-)'A !*+,&-.%- 9,A G,' < /6=%+,&-& ?> #&-'6 4-&N+ HIVVI\ CII JGB l^l 6+ `CSfd .$L9($>>$: &% /'+9$*+ '5 +(6:$ 26(1> *($6+&%7 2'%'9'?&$> ($?6+$: '%?= +' ++(6+&'% '5 +(6:$ 26(1> +- 6%: 5'( + ($6>'% .$($ .$?? 5',%:$:0[

lI M,(>,6%+ +' > lC '5 +&+&'%9,+ 5'(.6(: &% R6%& ]*G,+*$: M(':,*+ # 6%: J6*+,6?3&>+&%*+&E$%$>> ,%:$( > lCHb\ '5 + +>&/?$ +' ($7&>+$( ,%:$( > lCHb\ +$: 9(':,*+ t 9('E&:$::&>+&%*+&E$%$>> &% 56*+ &> $>+6/?&>- >,*< >&7%> >+(6?&6 >$$#&-'6 4-&N+ !1, XYYl HG+> CIVHC\pHI\0 A% K,('9$ >$$L%&+, D?*)1%.5%&61,% ,$6 46@P6& 3,-,6+ /6.-,%)=,? #&-'6 4-&N+ - 6(+ T- .,/>$n,$%+?= /$$% ($9?6*$: /= 6 *':&5&$: E$(>&'%,%:$( + ,$6 46@P6& 3,-,6+ /6.-,%)= ,? #&-'6 4-&N+0 4 /$$%


13/26


NLV


14/26

Giurhlc ia Clw, Ehairklteih lhd Pènh`n Qic ?0(?) ?6< Tbes esnspnèlccy si on`lusn trldn klrj pritn`teih iaanrs kirn acnxeoecety tblh itbnrehtnccn`tulc pripnrty rnmekns. Pi air ehstlh`n, wbecn dnsemh clw privedns lceketnd kihipicy pnreid (usulccy air l klxekuk ? trldn klrjrnmestrlteihs `lh on rnhnwnd pnrpntulccy si cihm ls tbn klrj es stecc eh usn.

Trldn klrj clw kly lcsi on lh lppnlcehm lctnrhltevn ti ìpyrembt pritn`teih,ls stltutiry trldn klrj clw mevns tbn iwhnr tbn `nrtlehty ia rnmestrlteih,wbe`b ìpyrembt `lhhit laaird, lt cnlst eh tbisn guresde`teihs wbnrn tbnrn es hi

TV J'( 6 *?6>>&* *6>$ '5 96>>&%7 '55 . 6/?$ +' >+&* ?$2'% > >,**$>>5,? &% &+> *?6&2 5'( 96>>&%7 '55 676&%>+ 6 *'29$+&+'(.&2&?6( >$$ /61N%,, B D?.@-) 9&?'*1,+ G,' >&/&?&+= ?'%7 /$$% 6E6&?6/?$ +' +

'5 S3 '/g$*+> ,+&?&>&%7 +(6:&+&'%6? 26>> 26%,56*+,(&%7 2$+ ?'%76> S3 > +(6/?$ 6> +(6:$ 26(1> &% 8,>+(6?&6\0 4$%+*,(&'>&+= 6%: ++ 5'( S3 9(&%+ +$*,(7$ &% S3 > lb '5 ++:&>*?'>$:0 A5 ++(6+&'% '5 +&7% &> ($%$.$: ,%:$( > lf- ++ :&>*?'>$:0 G'296($ + +' + m '5 +


15/26


NLV 0 Tbn loecety ti pnrpntulccy rnhnw trldn klrjrnmestrlteihs lcsi knlhs tblt tbn pnreid ia pritn`teih kly iutstrep tbnkihipicy laairdnd oy ìpyrembt, si cihm ls tbn trldn klrj es stecc eh usn, >4 lhd es stecc desteh`tevn.>>

Ia ìursn tbn ippisetn kly turh iut ti on trun. Lhd ehstnld ia snnehm l sbeattiwlrds sblpns lhd trldn drnss rnmestrlteih, et kly on tblt 0D prehtehm rnsuctseh l sbeat lwly arik tbn usn ia tbnsn typns ia semhs. Tbes es olsnd ih tbnbypitbnses tblt tbn uhlutbiresnd usn ia sblpn klrjs wecc drlklte`lccyeh`rnlsn ls l ìhsnqunh`n ia 0D prehtehm (l klttnr tblt wecc on desùssnd cltnr)su`b tblt pridu`t ìhaemurlteihs, wetbiut wird klrjs ir ìrrnspihdehmcimis sbiucd onìkn cnss vlculocn.>1

Tekn wecc tncc wbntbnr tbes rnlcety nvnhtultns. Eklmehehm, lt cnlst eh tbnehtnrek, tbnrn es siknwblt ia l rusb eh tbn usn lhd rnmestrlteih ia sblpns lhd

trldn drnss ls l rnacn`teih ia tbn prnsnht ehtnrnst eh 0D preht, tbnrn lrn vlreiuswlys eh wbe`b ìkplhens kembt kljn tbn kist ia tbn trldn klrj systnkwbnh et ìkns ti 0D prehtehm lhd 0D sblpns. Tbn rn`nhtcy lhhiuh`ndìccloirlteih ontwnnh Bnrsbnys lhd 0D Pystnks privedns lh ehde`lteih iabiw tbehms kembt pcly iut eh prl`te`n, >= wetb tbes lhhiuh`nknht sbirtcy

TS M,(>,6%+ +' + G%,6&-&A -)' !&,%+,%1 K?&N+ -

>&7%$: ^ #$9+$2/$( Cmmb- H$%+$($: &%+' 5'(*$ T 3$*$2/$( Cmmf\ HZY$(%$G'%E$%+&'%[\ *'9=(&7+(6+&'% &> ,%%$*$>>6(= 6> *'9=(&7$> 6> 6 26++$('5 ?6.0 #$E$(6? Y$(%$ G'%E$%+&'% 2$2/$(> +6/?&>+(6+&'% >=>+$2> 5'( *'9=(&7'2$+&2$> 6?>' 5'( ($?6+$: (&70 A% +$]$2/$( #+6+$>- ($7&>+(6+&'% 56*&?&+6+$> +$ '5 *'9=(&7 .&+< 6 >&29?$ 6%: $55$*+&E$ 2$6%> +' *?$6(?= $>+6/?&>+$2> :&:$L&>+ +'(&*6??= &% ++(6?&6% *'?'%&$>- ++(6+&'% &> >+&?? ($n,&($: &% + 5'( ++6+,+'(= :6267$>0

Tl #$$ #&-'6 4-&N+ !1, XYYlHG+ Î .$0

TT #$$ #&-'6 4-&N+ !1, XYYlHG+ mf .+(= ; bttp7//0dprehtehmehdustry.ìk/?6


16/26


Mevnh `biìcltn lhd ìhan`teihlry pridu`ts lrn lcrnldy pipuclr suogn`ts iasblpn-olsnd trldn klrj rnmestrlteihs lriuhd tbn wircd out nspnèlccy ehLustrlcel, >5 tbnrn lrn sikn rnlc ippirtuhetens air tbnsn ousehnssns ti `lpetlcesnih tbner kihipicens lhd `lrvn iut lh nx`cusevn spl`n eh tbn 0D prehtehm`biìcltn klrjnt. Ia ìursn, tbnsn ippirtuhetens nxtnhd onyihd tbn rnlcks iatbn klhual`turnrs ia `biìcltn lhd ìhan`teihlry ls lhy ìkplhy wbi blsrnmestnrnd l 0D sblpn ls l trldn klrj wiucd on locn ti nhgiy tbn onhnaets iatbner kihipicy ti tbn nx`cuseih ia itbnrs.

Tbnrn lrn ia biwnvnr ìhsnqunh`ns tblt aciw arik tbes lhd ea wn di ehdnndsnn l mriwehm pnh`blht air sblpn klrj rnmestrlteihs, pice`y kljnrs lhd gudmns wecc, siihnr ir cltnr, blvn ti mrlppcn wetb sikn pre`jcy pice`y

qunsteihs. Air l stlrt, 0D prehtehm lhd tbn rnmestrlteih ia 0D sblpns kly ipnhup icd wiuhds ìh`nrhehm tbn auh`teih ia trldn klrj clw, tbn rlteihlcn airtbn rnmestrlteih ia sblpns lhd itbnr hih-ìhvnhteihlc semhs ls trldn klrjs,lhd tbn nxplhseih ia rnmestrlocn suogn`t klttnr kirn mnhnrlccy. Et kly nvnhcnld ti l rn-nvlculteih ia tbn auh`teih ia tbn trldn klrj onyihd ets nìhikeàuh`teih ls l oldmn ia iremeh, wbe`b es `nhtrlc ti tbn ùrrnht rlteihlceslteih iatrldn klrj clw. 16 L sbeat ti sblpn trldn klrj rnmestrlteihs lwly arik itbnrkidns ia ehtnccn`tulc pripnrty wecc lcsi uhdiuotndcy pcl`n eh`rnlsndnkpblses ih tbn auh`teihlcety di`trehn eh tbn guresde`teihs eh wbe`b etipnrltns, ls l mltnjnnpnr ti tbn slh`tety ia tbn trldn klrj systnk. EhLustrlcel, et kembt sbehn l cembt ih tbn cihm ivnr-dun hnnd air Vlrcelknht ti

nxpceètcy nx`cudn tbn rnmestrlteih ia auh`teihlc sblpns, onairn lhippirtuheste` plrty trens ti tljn ldvlhtlmn ia tblt al`t tblt tbnrn es hi `cnlr

Tm /6 ]6&+$6A D$?1?.-,6 -)' D?)>61,%?)-&A D?&0?&-,%?) - #$(&6? D'0 ffmVÎIS HR,%$ Im-

IVCI\0

T #$$P 8,>+(6?&6% 4(6:$ ]6(1 D,2/$( fVbfm^ 5'( +$$ 8,>+(6?&6% 4(6:$]6(1 D,2/$( fVbfm^0 J,(+$$ 4(6:$ ]6(1 D,2/$( fVbbIS- /$&%7 +$: /= G6:/,(= K%+$(9(&>$> M+= )&2&+$: 5'( &+> JBK33F JBFk0 J&%6??=- %'+$ +$6*%$(- Z4(6:$26(1 )6.P 8% K*'%'2&*M$(>9$*+&E$[ HC^mf\ SV J?*&)-. ?> G-: -)' E1?)?@%1+ IbbW N&??&62 ] )6%:$> 6%:B&*


17/26


NLV


18/26

Giurhlc ia Clw, Ehairklteih lhd P`enh`n Qic ?0(?) ?6$(&$> k62$ '5 4>,$: 6 +61$X:'.% %'+&*$P S:$($>0'(7- 85 9&%),%)= 3,-&,*0 /616%&?@ ]C_ >?& (9 ()>&%)=6@6), HCS J$/(,6(= IVCS\_0'(7O6(+&*?$>OIVCSVICSX%$.XS:X9(&%+&%7X*'296%=X($*$&E$:X

+61$:'.%X%'+&*$X5('2X+(6?&6PO??=.6 ()1 < !*+,&-.%-) D?@06,%,%?) -)'D?)+*@6& D?@@%++%?) `IVCSd ;G8 C[ HIVCS\ STHCC\E*&?06-) (),6..61,*-. 9&?06&,A/6+(6?&6 >$$P#&-'6 4-&N+ !1, XYYlHG+ CIIHC\H*\0 A% +


19/26


NLV +(6?&6- +$?= 26= /$ ?&6/?$ 5'( +(6:$ 26(1&%5(&%7$2$%+ H9(&26(= '( >$*'%:6(=\ &> :$>*(&/$: 6> Z2,(1=0[ #$$ B'/$(+ Y,(($??6%: ]&*&+= M($>>- IVCV\TCI0 8> +' 9?6+5'(2 ?&6/&?&+=- + %' +$>+ *6>$ &% 8,>+(6?&60 KL&>+&%7 &%+$(%6+&'%6?9($*$:$%+ .',?: &%:&*6+$- 6+ ?$6>+ &% ++&%7 9?6+5'(2> 6($ ,%?&1$?= +' /$ ?&6/?$0 #$$PO??=.6 L&-)16 3!/G < G?*%+ d*%,,?)

4-..6,%6& 3! HGXISbOVm\ `IVCVd KGB AXVIlCf0 4&7%$( '5 6 S3 9(&%+ 5&?$&%*'(9'(6+&%7 6 +(6:$ 26(1 26= &>+&%7 6 9$(>'% &% 699?=&%76 ($7&>+$($: +(6:$ 26(1 +' 7'':> ,%:$( > Clb0

b^ K-&' O&?*0 9,A G,' < C&?'%6 B 3,?)6 0.1 HIVVT\ ClS JGB lf^- l^Vp^C `lSd HZK-&'O&?*0[\0

fV 4 '5 ,>$ '5 26%= '5 +$ 5&?$X>&+$> 26= ?&2&+ +9$*+- 9,>9'%>&/&?&+= /6*1 '% +$(0 Z4$[ 5'($L629?$ .',?: /$ 9($*?,:$: 5('2 6%= ?&6/&?&+= /= E&(+,$ '5 > T '5 + 6%:*'%:&+&'%> .


20/26

Giurhlc ia Clw, Ehairklteih lhd P`enh`n Qic ?0(?) ?6 ,77$>+$: ($26&%> ,%*?$6(0 #$$P #62

B&*1$+>'%- Z4(6:$ ]6(1 )&6/&?&+= 6(&>&%7 ',+ '5 A%+$(%$+ 8:E$(+&>&%7[ HIVVf\ CI 46'%- -)' !&,+ G-: /6 $>9$*&6??= >&%*$ ($>$6(*< &%:&*6+$> +,2$(> ,>$ S3 9(&%+

+$*,&+ '5 +'%6? ,($0 #$$ 7$%$(6??=

]$%:&> 6%: #$**


21/26


NLV ?6

Knr`ndns Onhz vnbe`cn, tbny lrn usnd ih l deaanrnht orlhd vnbe`cn, su`b ls lTiyitl @iriccl. Bnrn, Knr`ndns Onhz ls tbn trldn klrj iwhnr wiucd hit siku`b on ìh`nrhnd wetb ìhsuknr ìhauseih, out wetb tbn decuteih ia tbner orlhd lhd tbus kly snnj rndrnss l`ìrdehmcy, uhdnr tbn di`trehn ia trldnklrj decuteih.

Eh l hutsbncc, decuteih pritn`teih snnjs ti pritn`t tbn prnstemn ia l trldn klrjlhd mulrd lmlehst siknihns loecety ti kljn l ìpy lhd sncc et ti siknihnwbi jhiws tblt tbn miid es l ìpy, on`lusn tblt ìpyehm kly rndu`n tbnlrteaeèlc s`lrèty ia tbn miid lhd ets loecety ti on l stltus sykoic. =4 Tbus,siknoidy wbi prehts lh iogn`t ih l 0D prehtnr onlrehm l trldn klrj, wbe`b esusnd ih l tberd plrty pridu`t, ls eklmehnd eh tbn loivn nxlkpcn, weccioveiuscy on iogn`teihlocn arik tbn pnrspn`tevn ia tbn trldn klrj iwhnrpursulht ti tbn prehèpcns ia trldn klrj decuteih.

]becn trldn klrj iwhnrs eh tbn ^hetnd Jehmdik lhd ^hetnd Ptltns wecc blvnl `lusn ia l`teih, => tbes es priolocy hit tbn `lsn eh Lustrlcel. Tbnrn lrnbiwnvnr, ìhace`tehm venws loiut wbntbnr sn`teih


22/26



23/26


NLV ??

4.0 Tbn Ehùkonht _nspihsn

Ls tbn airnmiehm desùsseih bls bembcembtnd, tbnrn lrn vlreius nhair`nknhtessuns trldn klrj iwhnrs kust dnlc wetb ls 0D preht tn`bhicimy dnvncips,lhd ìhsnqunhtcy, l hukonr ia lppril`bns tbny kembt tljn. Aerstcy, orlhdiwhnrs kly `biisn ti rnspihd oy stre`tcy lhd bnlvy-blhdndcy nhairèhmtbner rembts (ir tbrnltnhehm ti di si vel `nlsn lhd dnsest cnttnrs), eh irdnr tinxtnhd tbn rnl`b ia tbner kihipicens onyihd ìkknrèlc usns lhd ehti tbnbikns ia 0D biooyests. Tbny kly lcsi snnj ti pcly diwh tbn semheae`lh`n iatbn usn rnquernknht eh irdnr ti di si, lctbiumb plst prn`ndnht summnsts tbnìurts lrn uhcejncy ti suppirt su`b lh lrmuknht, wbnrn usn ia l trldn klrjair nkonccesbknht purpisns bls onnh ciijnd upih alviurlocy lhd hitìhsednrnd ti on usn ls l oldmn ia iremeh. 2<

Ls klhy trldn klrj usns lssièltnd wetb 0D prehtehm wecc hit alcc wetbeh tbnsìpn ia sn`teihs


24/26


Lh lctnrhltevn lhd kirn iptekeste` rnlcety kly on tblt tbnsn orlhds lhd trldnklrj iwhnrs nhmlmn wetb tbn puoce`, ir lt cnlst ìhsuknrs lhd tbn DEU 0Dpreht ìkkuhety oy lutbiresehm tbn jehds ia l`tevetens tblt wiucd itbnrwesn on cnmlccy l`teihlocn. Tbny kly nvnh `biisn ti kljn su`b dnsemhs lvleclocnti ìhsuknrs ls l wly ti `lpetlcesn ih tbn puoce` dnsern air tbner pridu`ts, 21 ireh`cudn ìhsuknrs eh tbn 0D preht pri`nss. 2= Tbnrn lrn itbnr ippirtuhetens airtrldn klrj iwhnrs wbe`b di hit ehvicvn tbn stre`t nhair`nknht ia tbner cnmlcrembts out kly blvn ìkknrèlc ldvlhtlmns. Eh plrteùclr, 0D prehtehm iaanrs orlhds tbn ippirtuhety ti nhblh`n orlhd piwnr tbriumb slanty, qulcety, lhd

mS 8(7,6/?= 26%,56*+,($(> '5 S3 9(&%+$(> 26= /$ ?&6/?$ 9,(>,6%+ +' + 6 7?&29>$ &%+' + 1&%: '55,+,($0 ;$($- +- ($n,&(&%7 +&L .$/>&+$> >$??&%7 *',%+$(5$&+ 7'':>0

mT 49'%>$ '5 + /$$% >&29?= >,226(&>$: &% + .6= &%)$2?$=- 6/'E$ % bI- l^fXl^m0

mb 3$>6& 6%: ]67?&'**6- 6/'E$ % IT- CfCV H5''+%'+$ ^^\0

mf 3(6.&%7 '% 6 ($*$%+ &%&+&6+&E$ &%E'?E&%7 ;6>/('- .[ +'*($6+$ Z#,9$( 8(+[ &%>9&($: /= +0 #$$ 4


25/26


NLV ?4

ihmiehm nhmlmnknht wetb tbn ìkplhy. 22 Orlhds `lh di tbes oy iaanrehmlutbiresnd 0D preht l``nssiry aecns ti rnspihd ti tbisn ìhsuknrs wbi wlht lmulrlhtnn ls ti qulcety lhd slanty. Tbnrn lrn sikn prikesehm nxlkpcnslcrnldy nknrmehm wbnrn trldn klrj iwhnrs lrn nkorlèhm 0D preht, 25 out etrnklehs ti on snnh wbntbnr tbnsn lrn ihn iaa eheteltevns ir hit.

Ea trldn klrj iwhnrs di hit tbehj kirn prlmklte`lccy loiut tbnsn tbehms, lhdea 0D prehtehm dins nvicvn ti rnl`b nvnh l arl`teih ia ets pitnhtelc, eh tekn,tbnrn es l resj tblt tbn cejncebiid ia ìhsuknr ìhauseih kly on titlccynridnd. Eh al`t Zt[bnrn wecc on cnss, ir pnrblps hi, rnlsih air ìhsuknrs titbehj tblt lhy pipuclr trldn klrj Zir trldn klrj[ iosnrvnd iutsedn ia l stirnwls kldn oy tbn orlhd iwhnr. 56 Tbus, eh tnh ynlrs tekn ir nvnh siihnr, lhnqulccy vlced ìh`cuseih kly on tblt pridu`ts tblt ciij sekeclr lrn eh al`t,biknkldn, 5< ioaus`ltehm tbn resj ia ìhauseih lhd ìhsnqunhtcy tbn loecety tikljn iut l `lsn ia trldn klrj eharehmnknht, plssehm iaa lhd kescnldehm lhd

dn`nptevn ìhdu`t lcc ia wbe`b lrn prnde`ltnd ih tbn hiteih ia ìhauseih.Pi biw sbiucd pice`y kljnrs rnspihd ti tbes `rissrilds, ea lt lcc9 Et wiucdsnnk tblt `lccs air wedn-swnnpehm cnmescltevn rnairks ti rnspihd ti tbnnknrmnh`n ia 0D preht tn`bhicimy lrn prnklturn. 5? ]etb rnspn`t ti trldnklrjs, cnmescltevn rnairk wbe`b wiucd klrj l dnplrturn arik tbn preklrynìhike` uhdnrcyehm pice`y tblt gusteaens trldn klrj pritn`teih eh Lustrlcelwiucd on uhwesn. Eh plrteùclr, lhy `lccs air tbn ehtridu`teih ia decuteihpritn`teih ehti Lustrlcel (ir l orild rnldehm ia sn`teih


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Giurhlc ia Clw, Ehairklteih lhd Pènh`n Qic ?0(?) ?6 @ih`cuseih]becn tbnrn lrn sikn usns ti wbe`b 0D prehtnrs `lh on put wbe`b klyeharehmn tbn rembts ia trldn klrj iwhnrs, tbes es kistcy lt tbn pnrekntnrs. Pilctbiumb sikn ìkknrèlc usns kly ekpehmn ih tbn rembts ia trldn klrjiwhnrs, pnrsihlc usns lrn cnss ìhtrivnrselc. Tblt es hit ti sly tblt su`b usnslrn hit iogn`teihlocn ti trldn klrj iwhnrs, wbi lrn ìh`nrhnd hit gust wetbìhsuknr ìhauseih out wetb tbn decuteih ia tbner orlhd lhd ìhtriccehm lccìrhnrs ia tbner klrjnt. ]n blvn snnh tbn rbntire` usnd oy ehùkonhtìkplhens wbi snn 0D prehtehm hit ls lh ippirtuhety out ls l tbrnlt. Tbesrbntire` es iatnh aicciwnd oy `lccs air lh nxplhseih ia ehtnccn`tulc pripnrty

clws ti aurtbnr nhtrnh`b tbner rembts eh lh lttnkpt ti rnstre`t tbn ìhtehund usnia hnw lhd nknrmehm tn`bhicimy. ]bnh et ìkns ti tbn ehtnrsn`teih ia trldnklrj clw lhd 0D prehtehm, tbnrn es hi rnlsih ti nxpn`t lhytbehm deaanrnht. 0Dprehtehm tbnrnairn, es sblpehm up ti on tbn hnxt olttcnmriuhd air ehtnccn`tulcpripnrty clw ivnrrnl`b, wetb trldn klrj clw snt ti pcly l pevitlc ricn.

flashpoints in 3d printing and trade mark law, amanda scardamaglia

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