flerov laboratory of nuclear reactions · determination of masses of the she isotopes ~20 s....
TRANSCRIPT
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S. DMITRIEV
Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
Expansion of SHE studies at Flerov Laboratory
ECOS
2012
Second
circ
ECOS 2012 ,Loveno di Menaggio, 18-21 June 2012
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Mendeleev Periodic Table of the Elements
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Relatively long half-lives of isotopes of elements 104-116produced in the reactions with 48Caand chemical properties of SHE predicted theoretically permit new experiments aimed at:
the chemical identification of SHE,
study of their chemical properties,
determination of masses of the SHE isotopes
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~20 s
Of-line chemical separation of 268Db
rotatingentrance window
catcher ofrecoiling atoms
rotatingAm-target243
He box (1 tor)
beam
12.50
Nb / Ta / Db - fraction4 - fissionfragment detectors
π
78-3He - neutrondetector
Dmitriev S N et al., Mendeleev Commun.15 (2005) 1Schumann D et al., Radiochim. Acta 93 (2005) 727Stoyer N J et al., Proc.9th Int. Conf. NN Collisions,Brazil, 28 Aug.–1 Sep. 2006.
Oganessian Yu Ts et al.,Phys. Rev. C 69 (2004) 021601
10.46 MeV
9.75 MeV
9.71 MeV
125 ms
0.69 s
5.2 s
14.14 s
1.03 s
115
R
113
111
Mt
Bh
288
284
280
276
272
5
4
3
2
1α
α
α
α
α9.02 MeV
0.
23.1 h
SF
Db268
205 MeV
10. MeV00
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7
GAS PHASE CHEMISTRY WITH ELEMENTS 112, 113 AND 114
Are elements 112, 113 and 114 volatile metals?
How do relativistic effects influence the chemistry of E112, 113 and of E114?
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Reaction:242Pu(48Ca,3n)287114[0.5s]→α→283112[3.6s]
Compound Hg(Au)
and 112(Au)
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4 81
50
50
-50
-50
0
0
-100
-100
-150
-150
-200
-20012
Rn
RnHg
Hg
RnHg
Detector number
Tem
pera
ture
C0
Tem
pera
ture
C0
16 20 24 28 32
4 81 12Detector number16 20 24 28 32
0
10
20
30
40
50
Rel
ativ
e yi
eld
%
0
10
20
30
40
50
Rel
ativ
e yi
eld
%
Gold Ice
Gold Ice
4 81
50
-50
0
-100
-150
-20012
RnHg
Detector number
Tem
pera
ture
C0
16 20 24 28 320
10
20
30
40
50
Rel
ativ
e yi
eld
%
Ice
He/Ar + + Hg Rngas flow 0.86 l/min
gas flow 0.89 l/min
gas flow 1.5 l/min
>140 MeV
α9.52 MeV
0.09 s
110279
112283
SF
on ice!
9.38+_0.12 MeV >3 s
0.53 s
110279
112283
231 MeV SF
α
on goldon gold
α>3 s
0.59 s
9.47+_0.12 MeV 110
279
112283
232 MeV SF on goldon gold
α9.52 MeV
0.07 s
110279
112283
112+F2 MeV SF
on goldon goldα
9.35 MeV
0.77 s
112283
85+12 MeV SF 110
279on goldon gold
112
112
112
Element 112 is a noble metal – like Hg
room temperature
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10
Result from the chemistry experiment with element 114
→ Element 114 exhibits a very weak interactionwith Au - pointing to a physisorptiveinteraction (similar to a noble gas).
→ A quantitative description of this behaviour is lacking so far.
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11
Synthesis of a new element with atomic number Z=117
Yu. Ts. Oganessian,1) F. Sh. Abdullin,1) P. D. Bailey,2) D. E. Benker,2)
M. E. Bennett,3) S N. Dmitriev,1) J. G. Ezold,2) J. H. Hamilton,4) R. A. Henderson,5)
M. G. Itkis,1) Yu. V. Lobanov,1) A. N. Mezentsev,1) K. J. Moody,5) S. L. Nelson,5)
A.N. Polyakov,1) C. E. Porter,2) A. V. Ramayya,4) F. D. Riley,2) J. B. Roberto,2)
M. A. Ryabinin,6) K. P. Rykaczewski,2) R. N. Sagaidak,1) D. A. Shaughnessy,5)
I.V. Shirokovsky,1) M. A. Stoyer,5) V. G. Subbotin,1) R. Sudowe,3) A. M. Sukhov,1)
Yu. S. Tsyganov,1) V. K. Utyonkov,1) A. A. Voinov,1) G. K. Vostokin,1)
and P. A. Wilk5)
1 Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, RU-141980 Dubna, RF2 Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA3 University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA4 Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA5 Lawrence Livemore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94551, USA6 Research Institute of Atomic Reactors, RU-433510 Dimitrovgrad, RF
(Dated: April 1, 2010)
The discovery of a new chemical element with atomic number Z=117 i 293117 and 294117 were produced in fusion reactions between 48Ca and involving eleven new nuclei were identified by means of the Dubna Ga The measured decay properties show a strong rise of stability for heav validating the concept of the long sought island of enhanced stability f
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9.61 MeV
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FLNR BASIC DIRECTIONS of RESEARCH
1. Heavy and superheavy nuclei:
Synthesis and study of properties of superheavy elements;
Chemistry of new elements;
Fusion-fission and multi-nucleon transfer reactions;
Nuclear- , mass-, & laser-spectrometry of SH nuclei.
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Reaction Ebeam (MeV) Beam doseNumber of
events2n/3n/4n/5n
Total number of
events
238U+48Ca 230-240 18.1×1018 -/7/1/- 8
242Pu+48Ca 235-250 17.8×1018 1/15/9/- 25
244Pu+48Ca 231-257 29.6×1018 -/5/12/1 18
243Am+48Ca 240-248 42.1×1018 4/31/2/- 37
245Cm+48Ca 243-255 25.7×1018 3/12/-/- 15
248Cm+48Ca 237-247 38.3×1018 -/5/6/- 11
249Bk+48Ca 247-252 57.0×1018 -/1/10/- 11
249Cf+48Ca 245-251 41.×1018 -/3/-/- 3
Synthesis of SHE
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Beyond 48Ca: 50Ti and 54Cr induced fusion reactions
Probably these elements are the last oneswhich will be synthesized in the nearest future
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DRIBs-III2010 -2016
Modernization of existing accelerators (U400М & U400) Creation of the new experimental hall (≈ 2600 м2) Development and creation of next generation set-ups Creation of high current heavy ion accelerator
(A≤ 100, E ≤ 10 MeV ·A , I≥10 pµA)
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U400M - stand-alone & driving accelerator
Properties and structure of light exotic nuclei;
Astrophysics; Reactions with exotic nuclei; Light neutron-rich nuclei; Deep inelastic scattering; Producing of RIBs.
U400ME=30 50 MeV/AE=4.5 9 MeV/A
Ion Ion energy[MeV/A]
Output intensity
7Li 35 6 1013
18O 33 1 1013
40Ar 40 1 1012
48Ca 5 6 1012
54Cr 5 3 1012
58Fe 5 3 1012
124Sn 5 2 1011
136Xe 5 4 1011
238U 7 2 1010
ACCULINNA-I, -II, COMBAS + Gas-Catcher, MASHA, + ···
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U400 → U400R GOALS
Increasing the beam intensity A ≈ 50 ions up to 2.5 pμA;
Smooth ion energy variation on the target within a factor 5;
Reducing the ion’s energy spread on the target up to 10-3;
Improvement of the beam emittance on the target up to 10 π mm · mrad;
Reducing the main magnet average field level from 1.8 to 0.8 T.
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U400R - stand-alone & post-acceleratorU400R (expected)
Ion Ion energy[MeV/A]
Output intensity
6He 2.8 ÷ 14 108
8He 1.6 ÷ 8 105
7Li 2-17 1 1014
16O 6,4 -27 1 1014
40Ar 1-5,1 6 1013
48Ca 1,6-11 1.5 1013
50Ti 4,1-21 6 1012
58Fe 1,2-7,5 6 1012
84Kr 0,8-3,5 2 1012
132Xe 0,8-3,5 3 1012
238U 1,5- 8 5 1011
Fusion-fission; Quasi-fission; Nuclear spectroscopy; New heavy isotopes; Multi nucleon transfer reactions; Sub-barrier fusion; Reactions with exotic nuclei Structure of light exotic nuclei;
VASSILISSA-II + GABRIELA, DGFRS + Gas-Catcher, CORSET, “LASER” + ···
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DC280 - stand-alone SHE-factory
Synthesis and study of properties of superheavy elements;
Search for new reactions for SHE-synthesis
Chemistry of new elements;
DC280 (expected)E=4 8 MeV/A
Ion Ion energy[MeV/A]
Output intensity
7Li 4 1 1014
18O 8 1 1014
40Ar 5 6 1013
48Ca 5 0,6-1,2 1014
54Cr 5 2 1013
58Fe 5 1 1013
124Sn 5 2 1012
136Xe 5 1 1014
238U 7 5 1010
DGFRS-II, Chemistry, Preseparator + Cryo-Detector, + ···
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25
Dubna Gas Filled Recoil Separator
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26
Separator DGFRS GARIS RITU BGS TASCA Configuration DQhQv DQhQvD QvDQhQv QvDhD DQhQv
Deflection angle (o) 23 45+10 25 70 30Bρ (max/T·m) 3.1 2.15 2.2 2.5 2.4Length (m) 4.0 5.75 4.7 4.6 3.5Dispersion(mm/% Bρ)
7.5 9.7 10.0 20.0 9.0
Known GF-separators
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27
We propose to use the QDQQD-scheme
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Main optical elements of the new GFS
Effective length 370Bore diameter 150 mm
Maximum field gradient 14.7 T/m
Effective length 520Bore diameter 220 mm
Maximum field gradient 10 T/m
Gap 120 mm
Deflection angle 300
Radius of curvature 1.8 m
Maximum field 1.7 T
Face pole rotation angle 100
Rear pole rotation angle 550
Gap 120 mm
Deflection angle 100
Radius of curvature 1.8 m
Maximum field 1.7 T
Face pole rotation angle 00
Rear pole rotation angle 100
Magnetic quadrupole 1 Magnetic quadrupole 2 & 3
Magnetic dipole 1 Magnetic dipole 2
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29
Transmissions of the QDQQDReaction Asymmetry
Ap/(Ap+At)Transmission
%244Pu(22Ne,3n)263Rf 0.083 7.5
244Pu(48Ca,3n)289114 0.164 35244Pu(58Fe,4n)298120 0.192 5070Zn(208Pb,1n)277Cn 0.252 6093Kr(226Ra,1n)318124 0.291 70
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30
Yields of 276Cn for DQQ & QDQQD –separators238U(48Ca,4n)276112 (FWHM=10.0 MeV→1.37 mg/cm2, σ =0.583 mg/cm2)
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31
New Gas-Filled Separator(DANFYSIKs technical drawing, 1.5 years, 1.5 M€)
Ready time must be synchronized with the construction of the new experimental hall & accelerator
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View from Google Earth
FlerovlabBuilding 101
FlerovlabBuilding 131
Place for New Experimental Building with DC280 accelerator complex
Photo from the satellite
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SHE factory
Building computer model
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U400MU400
DRIBs
MT25
U200
IC100 NanoLab
1500m2
FLNR - 2012
SHE
243Am+48Ca249Bk+48Ca
Exotic NucleiE = 30 50 MeV/nA < 20
2012
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U400M+DECRIS-SCU400
DRIBs
MT25
U200
IC100
FLNR - 2014
Start
of the Reconstruction
SHE factory
1000m2
NanoLab
1500m2
DC280
2014
Exotic NucleiE = 30 60 MeV/nA < 60
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U400MU400R
DRIBs
MT25
U200
IC100
FLNR – 2016
NuclearPhysics
SHE factory U400R Accelerator Complex
20161500m2
U400M+DECRIS-SC
2012
NanoLab
1500m2
1000m2
2015
Exotic NucleiE = 30 60 MeV/nA < 60
SHE experiments
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THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION!