flight controls
DESCRIPTION
FLIGHT CONTROLS FOR PASSENGER AIRCRAFTTRANSCRIPT
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FLIGHT CONTROLS
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Four basic flight controls
1. Cyclic pitch control2. The collective pitch control3. The throttle4. The antitorque pedals
• The collective and cyclic controls the pitch of the main rotor blades
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COLLECTIVE PITCH CONTROL
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• The collective pitch control, located on the left side of the pilot’s seat, changes the pitch angle of all main rotor blades
• Collective pitch control is raised there is a simultaneous and equal increase in pitch angle of all main rotor blades
• Done through a series of mechanical linkages
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• As the Pitch angle increases,
Angle of attack increases,
Drag increases, and
Rotor r.p.m. decreases
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• In order to maintain a constant rotor r.p.m a proportionate change in power is required to compensate for the change in drag.
• Accomplished with the throttle control
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THROTTLE CONTROL
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• The function of the throttle
To regulate engine r.p.m
• If the correlator or governor system are not installed, the throttle has to be moved manually to maintain r.p.m.
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CORRELATOR
• is a mechanical connection between the collective lever and the engine throttle
• When the collective lever is raised, power is automatically increased and vice versa.
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GOVERNOR• is a sensing device
• senses rotor and engine r.p.m.
• makes the necessary adjustments in order to keep rotor r.p.m. constant
• are common on all turbine helicopters and used on some piston powered helicopters
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• Some helicopters do not have correlators or governors and require coordination of all collective and throttle movements
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COLLECTIVE PITCH / THROTTLECOORDINATION
• When the collective pitch is raised, the load on the engine is increased in order to maintain desired r.p.m.
• The load is measured by a manifold pressure gauge in piston helicopters or by a torque gauge in turbine helicopters
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• The collective pitch is the primary control for manifold pressure, and the throttle is the primary control for r.p.m.
• The collective pitch control also influences r.p.m., and the throttle also influences manifold pressure
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CYCLIC PITCH CONTROL• tilts the main rotor disc by changing the pitch
angle of the rotor blades in their cycle of rotation.
• The rotor disc tilts in the direction that pressure is applied to the cyclic pitch control
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• If the cyclic is moved forward, the rotor disc tilts forward
• the rotor disc acts like a gyro
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ANTITORQUE PEDALS
• located on the cabin floor by the pilot’s feet
• control the pitch, and
• therefore the thrust, of the tail rotor blades.
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• The pedals are connected to the pitch change mechanism on the tail rotor gearbox
• Allow the pitch angle on the tail rotor blades to be increased or decreased
• Antitorque pedals compensate for changes in torque