flight preparation guide – checklists – navigation guide ... c172 v2 02.pdf · oo-lnc rev. 2.02...

OOOO--LLNNCC rreevv.. 22..0022 1166//1166 AIRFIELD

name and ICAO STATION

name and frequency ELEV

[ft] NAV AID

ID RADº DME RWY DIM [m]

HardSoft

Goetsenhoven - Tienen EBTN +32 (0)16812278

122.825 Beauvechain APP 125.375 Goetsenhoven TWR 246 FLO 231º 8.8

HUL 084º 12.1

06 24 17 35

720

780

H

H

Grimbergen EBGB +32 (0)22537070 119.500 Grimbergen RADIO 92 BUB 299º 6.2

ANT 194º 14.8 01 19 615 G

Hasselt - Zonhoven EBZH +32 (0)11212550 118.325 Hasselt RADIO 141 FLO 060º 10.6

BUN 115º 22.0 09 27 600 S

Hoevenen EBHN +32 (0)36057441 135.000 Hoevenen RADIO 10 ANT 339º 7.6

NIK 045º 11.4 15 33 585 S

Koksijde EBFN +32 (0)58532522 (MIL) +32 (0)58312367 (Aviation Club)

122.100 Koksijde TWR/RADIO 122.500 Koksijde APP 20 KOK @ EBFN

COA 240º 30.2

11 29 02 20

2678

795

H

H

Kortrijk - Wevelgem EBKT +32 (0)56362043 120.250 Kortrijk RADIO 64 LEQ 019º 16.0

COA 192º 32.2 06 24 1838 H

Leopoldsburg EBLE +32 (0)11342739 125.525 Beverlo RADIO 207 FLO 026º 16.0

BUN 092º 17.5 08 26 600 H

Liege EBLG +32 (0)42348407 (Airport Auth.) +32 (0)42348492 (ATC)

119.275 Liege APP 129.250 Liege TWR 121.925 Liege GND

659 LGE @ EBLG

05R23L05L23R

3287

2340H

Moorsele EBMO +32 (0)56503940 (PCV) 120.500 Moorsele RADIO 66 KOK 130º 23.7

COA 196º 30.7 04 22 670 S

Namur Suarlée EBNM +32 (0)81559355 118.000 Namur RADIO 594 GSY 083º 12.7

HUL 164º 16.4 06 24 696 S

Oostende EBOS +32 (0)59551411

120.600 Oostende APP 118.175 Oostende TWR 121.975 Oostende GND

13 COA 245º 20.2 NIK 273º 49.3

08 26 3200 H

Saint-Ghislain EBSG +32 (0)65642727 118.425 St.-Ghislain RADIO 75 CIV 186º 6.8

GSY 271º 23.7 09 27 640 H

Saint-Hubert EBSH +32 (0)61610010

119.700 St.-Hubert RADIO 123.500 St.-Hubert RADIO2 1847 DIK 291º 29.9

SPI 196º 29.9

05 23 14 32

600

845 S

Sint-Truiden - Brustem EBST +32 (0)11698587 (Ultra Wings) +32 (0)478659292 (Ultra Wings)

119.975 Brustem RADIO 246 FLO 154º 5.6 LGE 310º 13.1

06 24 1199 H

Sovet (no ICAO code) +32 (0)8321126 - 919 GSY 115º 25.3

LGE 216º 27.3 05 23 500 G

Spa EBSP +32 (0)87975260 124.750 Spa RADIO 1542 LNO 129º 9.9

SPI 101º 11.2 05 23 800 H

Theux - Verviers EBTX +32 (0)87224225 120.325 Theux RADIO 1099 LNO 112º 5.7

MAS 190º 25.4 06 24 732 S

Tournai Maubray - Doornik EBTY +32 (0)69771652 123.750 Tournai RADIO 161 LEQ 100º 15.6

AFI 229º 33.4 11 29 630 S

Ursel EBUL +32 (0)93742575 (AC Brugge) +32 (0)93741290 (Vliegclub Ursel)

135.125 Ursel RADIO 95 COA 162º 13.0 NIK 268º 26.8

07 25 799 H

Weelde EBWE +32 (0)14656235 (CCVW) 120.225 Weelde RADIO 105 ANT 058º 21.8

BUN 017º 17.0 07 25 2980 H

Zoersel EBZR +32 (0)33115513 123.800 Zoersel RADIO 53 ANT 070º 11.4

BUN 342º 9.3 05 23 799 H

ABOUT THIS DOCUMENT This document is only to be used as a reference. It is inferior to the original POH and AIP. The author cannot be held liable for consequences pertaining to the use of this document. revision: 2.02, 02/11/07 author: Kim Rogiers, Aeroclub Sanicole Leopoldsburg-Hechtel

OOOO--LLNNCC rreevv.. 22..0022 11//1166

flight preparation guide – checklists – navigation guide

Cessna C172M Skyhawk: OO-LNC

revision 2.02

SIGNIFICANT SPEEDS

Vs Vx Vglide Vy VFE VA VNO VNE 47 flaps up 41 flaps full

59 all altitudes

65 flaps up 60 flaps down

78 @ SL 74 @ 4000 ft 85 97 @ 1043 kg

81 @ 740 kg 128 160

GENERAL DATA

Aircraft S/N .......................................17201510 / 1976 Speed for max. gliding range.... 65 kt, (cL/cD)max = 9 Engine - type...........................Lycoming O-320-E2D Empty weight................................................ 670.3 kg - power ......................150 BHP @ 2700 RPM Max. usable load ....372.7 kg (norm) / 236.9 kg (util) - static RPM........................2300 - 2420 RPM MTOW.......................1043 kg (norm) / 907.2 kg (util) Fuel - type.................100 (green) or 100LL (blue) Max. crosswind component.............................. 15 kt - total usable .......................144 l (38 USGal) ISA MSL T/O Run Required.............. 264 m (flaps 0) - FFcruise, 75%BHP................ 31 l/h (8.2 USGal/h) ISA MSL T/O Distance Required (over 50 ft) ........... Oil - type..................................................... W 80 ............................................................ 465 m (flaps 0) - total capacity ........................... 7.6 l (8.0 qt) ISA MSL landing ground roll......... 159 m (full flaps) - min. required ........................... 5.7 l (6.0 qt) ISA MSL LDR................. 381 m (full flaps) over 50 ft NOTE: unless otherwise specified, all speeds are knots indicated airspeed (KIAS)


FLIGHT PREPARATION GUIDE

FLIGHT PLANNING

FPL

Submit a FPL for: - controlled VFR flights (including night flights) - any flight across international borders

- any VFR flight at night Send to: - URL: http://www.belgocontrol.be - EBBR ARO: call +32 (0)2 206 25 40/41 - NL: call (ARO EHAM) +31 (0) 204 062 315/316 - EBBR ARO: fax +32 (0)2 206 25 39 - NL: fax (ARO EHAM) +31 (0) 206 484 417 Close a FPL: - Brussels FIC: call +32 (0)2 206 27 25 - Brussels ACC: call +32 (0)2 206 27 22

AIRSPACE CLASSIFICATION

- Check zones on the route (Prohibited, Danger, Restricted, Parachuting, Gliders, ...) - Which ATC to contact? What are the frequencies? - Golf zones active?

NOTAM

Check the NOTAMs for all parts of the route (URL: http://www.belgocontrol.be).

AIRFIELD

- Prepare expected departure and approach procedures, runways in use, traffic patterns, ... - Destination PPR: make a call! - Check TODA > TODR and LDA > LDR

METEO

- Sources: - belgocontrol URL: http://www.belgocontrol.be - meteo service VFR: call +32 (0)902 88 173 - other, non-official URL: http://euro.wx.propilots.net - Maximum demonstrated crosswind component is 15 kt for a Cessna 172

HEIGHT / ALTITUDE / FL

- Minimum Grid Area Altitudes on charts: - Jeppesen VFR/GPS 1:500 000 chart includes 1000 ft clearance where the highest points are 5000

ft or lower, 2000 ft if higher. - VFR low air 1:250 000 chart gives MEF (max. elevation figures) without margin

- When flying above the transition altitude (4500 ft (BE), 3500 ft (NL)): - Eastbound (0°-179°): FL035 (NL only), FL055, FL075, … - Westbound (180°-359°): FL045, FL065, FL085, …


NAVIGATION GUIDE

NOTE: The following information was valid on November 2, 2007. Therefore always verify with the AIP.

ATC FREQUENCIES - EMERGENCY ............................. 121.500 - KLEINE BROGEL APP ........................122.500 - BRUSSELS INFORMATION....... 126.900 - DUTCH MIL INFORMATION ...............132.350 - BELGA RADAR/INFO ................. 129.325 - BEEK TOWER .....................................119.475 - VOLMET ..................................... 127.800 - REIMS INFORMATION........................124.100 - BRUSSELS ATIS ........................ 132.475 - PARIS NORTH INFORMATION ..........125.700 on VOR: 110.6 (BUN), 114.6 (BUB) - LANGEN INFORMATION ....................123.525

TELEPHONE NUMBERS - Directoraat Generaal Luchtvaart Cel Ongevallen & Incidenten .......... tel. 0032 (0)2 277 42 60 - Sanicole ............. tel. 0032 (0)11 34 27 39 - NOTAM ................. tel. 0032 (0)2 206 25 30/31 - Meteo VFR ......... tel. 0032 (0)9 028 81 73 - Flightplan............... tel. 0032 (0)2 206 25 40/41 tel. 0032 (0)2 206 28 50 fax. 0032 (0)2 206 25 38/39

VOR FREQUENCIES AFI 114.90 “AFFLIGEM” ANT 113.50 “ANTWERPEN” BUB 114.60 “BRUSSELS” BUN 110.60 “BRUNO” CIV 113.20 “CHIEVRES”

COA 110.05 “COSTA” DIK 114.40 “DIEKIRCH” FLO 112.05 “FLORA” GSY 115.70 “GOSLY” HUL 117.55 “HULDENBERG”

KOK 114.50 “KOKSY” LEQ 109.00 “LILLE” LGE 115.45 “LIEGE” LNO 112.80 “OLNO” MAS 108.60 “MAASTRICHT”

NIK 117.40 “NICKY” SPI 113.10 “SPRIMONT”

AIRFIELDS IN BELGIUM AIRFIELD

name and ICAO STATION

name and frequency ELEV

[ft] NAV AID

ID RADº DME RWY DIM [m]

Hard Soft

Amougies EBAM +32 (0)69455530 119.750 Amougies RADIO 49 LEQ 057º 18.4

CIV 309º 16.2 11 29 610 S

Antwerpen EBAW +32 (0)32856500

135.200 Antwerpen TWR 121.900 Antwerpen GND 39 ANT @ EBAW

BUN 287º 14.8 11 29 1510 H

Balen - Keiheuvel EBKH +32 (0)14812567 119.200 Balen RADIO 131 BUN 079º 14.4

FLO 012º 18.4 07 25 690 S

Brasschaat EBBT +32 (0)36631155 (CIV) +32 (0)36302722 (MIL)

122.500 Brasschaat APP 122.900 Brasschaat TWR 122.900 Brasschaat RADIO

76 ANT 010º 9.3 NIK 051º 16.1

17 35 799 H

Brussels EBBR +32 (0)27532111

120.100 Brussels ARR 129.725 Brussels FINAL 118.600 Brussels TWR 118.050 Brussels GND 110.600 Brussels ATIS 126.625 Brussels DEPART. 121.950 Brussels DELIVERY

184 BUB @ EBBR

07R 25L 07L 25R 02 20

3211

3638

2987

H

Cerfontaine EBCF +32 (0)71200412

125.875 Cerfontaine RADIO 122.500 EBFS APP 955 GSY 187º 18.1

CIV 142º 33.2 12 30 600 S

Charleroi EBCI +32 (0)71251215 (Airport Auth.) +32 (0)71251221 (ATC)

133.125 Charleroi APP 121.300 Charleroi TWR 121.800 Charleroi GND

614 GSY @ EBCI 07 25 2550 H

Diest-Schaffen EBDT +32 (0)15234459 118.925 Schaffen RADIO 100 BUN 132º 11.0

FLO 343º 7.8 06 24 700 S

Froidchapelle EBFR +32 (0)71644129

123.500 Froidchapelle RADIO 129.975 Froidchapelle RAD.2 902 GSY 193º 17.0

CIV 142º 31.3 05 23 645 S

Genk - Zwartberg EBZW +32 (0)89383273 120.400 Genk RADIO 289 MAS 280º 16.5

FLO 062º 17.0 03 21 830 H

Geraardsbergen - Overboelare EBGG +32 (0)54421958 124.150 Overboelare RADIO 56 CIV 009º 11.1

AFI 231º 13.9 03 21 600 S


RADIO TELECOMMUNICATIONS PROCEDURES

MORSE CODES A • ─ B ─ • • • C ─ • ─ • D ─ • • E • F • • ─ •

G ─ ─ • H • • • • I • • J • ─ ─ ─ K ─ • ─ L • ─ • •

M ─ ─ N ─ • O ─ ─ ─ P • ─ ─ • Q ─ ─ • ─ R • ─ •

S • • • T ─ U • • ─ V • • • ─ W • ─ ─ X ─ • • ─

Y ─ • ─ ─ Z ─ ─ • •

EXAMPLES CONTROLLED AIRSPACE

DEPARTING

1 If available, get ATIS information. If not, “request departure information”. [GND or TWR] 2 Get startup clearance [GND or TWR]

Oostende Ground, OO-LNC Cessna 172, information Bravo received, QNH 1022, request startup

3 Get taxi instructions [GND or TWR] OO-LNC on the general aviation parking, request taxi instructions VFR to EBLE.

4 Get T/O clearance [TWR] OO-LNC, ready for departure, request left turnout heading 090 degrees

5 Follow the instructions [TWR or APP] 6 Report leaving zone [TWR or APP]

OO-LNC, passing the zone boundary, request changing to Brussels Information

CROSSING

PILOT Antwerpen Tower, OO-LNC GROUND OO-LNC, Antwerpen Tower, pass your message PILOT Piper Tomahawk, inbound BUN on radial 092, 1 400 ft, squawk 7000, request crossing

inbound NIK, OO-LNC

ARRIVING

1 If available, get ATIS information. 2 Report intentions [TWR or APP]

OO-LNC, Antwerpen Tower OO-LNC, Cessna 172, VFR inbound from EBLE, overhead BUN 1 500 ft, estimating zone boundary 52

3 Follow the instructions [TWR or APP]

EXAMPLE FIS

PILOT Brussels Information, OO-LNC GROUND O-NC, Brussels Information, pass your message PILOT O-NC, Cessna 172, 2 persons on board, airborne at EBLE climbing 1 500 ft, VFR to

Oostende via BUN and NIK. Squawk 7000, request Flight Information Service, O-NC GROUND O-NC, QNH 1005, no traffic reported. Report overhead BUN PILOT O-NC, 1005, wilco


RADIO NAVIGATION AIDS

Identify frequencies, radials and distances

SUNSET / SUNRISE

Look up times

CHART PREPARATIONS

- timeticks (using groundspeed calculated from W/V and TAS) - cruising TAS for this aircraft is 95 - 100 kt @ 2250 RPM (best economy) - planned track and heading - W/V - planned altitude - radials and distance TO/FROM navaids

AIRCRAFT

TROUBLE REPORT

Check

FUEL

- Check fuel on board, prepare refueling if necessary. - Calculate fuel required:

General rule: Minimum advised fuel = fuel to destination + extra circuit + 45’ cruise fuel For this aircraft: Minimum advised fuel = cruise fuel to destination + ca. 35 liters

WEIGHT & BALANCE

Check CG within envelope considering BEW, fuel, passengers and baggage. WARNING: With 4 persons on board and full fuel tanks the total weight of this aircraft will most likely

exceed its MTOW. The aircraft may not be operated at higher weights than the MTOW.

PERFORMANCE

Using POH, calculate TODR and LDR for actual weight, wind, temperature and altitude.

TACHOMETER

Check logged hours and hours to go before maintenance.

ON BOARD

- pilots license - headsets - aircraft logbook - reserve oil - aircraft certificate of registry - fluorescent jackets (e.g. EBAW) - aircraft certificate of airworthiness - chock - aircraft insurance certificate - tie-down equipment - aircraft certificate of radio comm. equipment - pitot cover - flight planning and charts - life vests (if required for specific flight)

OTHER - log flight in airport flight register - passport(s) - money - sunglasses - switch off mobile phones - if required for passenger(s): medication against airsickness


NORMAL PROCEDURES CHECKLIST

PRE-FLIGHT (perform every first flight) Before moving aircraft, DRAIN fuel when condensation is plausible. 1 Overall state of aircraft........................................CHECK aircraft ‘looks’ OK 2 Fuel.....................................................................CHECK quantity, plan refueling 3 Flaps ...................................................................FULL for inspection 4 Trim.....................................................................NEUTRAL 5 External lighting ..................................................CHECK operation with battery on 6 Master switch, all contacts..................................OFF 7 Complete EXTERNAL checks

BOARDING - BEFORE STARTING 1 Fuel.....................................................................CHECK quantity, plan refueling 2 Documents and charts........................................CHECK on board 3 Seats, seat belts .................................................ADJUST and LOCK 4 Cabin doors ........................................................LATCHED 5 Brakes.................................................................TEST pressure 6 Instruments ........................................................not damaged, clean glasses, correct indications 7 Magnetic compass..............................................bubbles/leaks/clean glass/deviation chart 8 Circuit brakers.....................................................CHECK all in Get ATIS information and startup clearance

STARTING THE ENGINE 1 Fire extinguisher .................................................CHECK within reach 2 Cabin air & cabin vent.........................................CLOSED 3 Radios and electrical equipment ........................OFF 4 Master switch......................................................ON 5 Fuel.....................................................................CHECK quantity, plan refueling 6 Fuel tank selector ...............................................BOTH 7 Beacon light ........................................................ON 8 Carburetor heat...................................................COLD 9 Throttle................................................................OPEN ± 1 cm 10 Mixture ................................................................FULL RICH 11 Primer .................................................................prime as required (2-6 strokes), LOCK 12 Propeller area .....................................................CHECK clear 13 Ignition switch .....................................................START (and release)

AFTER STARTING THE ENGINE 1 Throttle................................................................1200 RPM, verify friction OK 2 Magnetos ............................................................BOTH 3 Oil pressure ........................................................CHECK (green arc within 30 s) 4 Alternator ............................................................ - OFF, CHECK warning light and am-meter load - ON, CHECK warning light and am-meter load 5 Radios and nav. equipment................................ - ON and CHECK - transponder SBY - align gyro compass 6 Controls ..............................................................CHECK free, correct movement 7 Flaps ...................................................................CHECK full deflection, SELECT flaps UP 8 Trim.....................................................................CHECK full deflection forw. - aft., SET for T/O 9 Observation ........................................................no loose objects 10 Navigation lights .................................................ON before taxi Plan taxi procedure


ELECTRICAL FAILURES

ALTERNATOR RELATED

• OVER VOLTAGE WARNING Alternator is automatically shut down. To reactivate alternator: 1 Alternator and battery switch: .............................OFF, wait 5 seconds, and back ON If over-voltage warning light comes on again: 2 Alternator ............................................................OFF, leave OFF 3 Terminate flight, save battery for essential radio communications and flaps.

• INSUFFICIENT RATE OF CHARGE - ALTERNATOR FAILURE 1 Alternator switch .................................................OFF 2 Non-essential equipment ....................................OFF 3 Land at nearest airport

METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS

ICING CONDITIONS

WARNING: AVOID FLYING IN ICING CONDITIONS AT ALL TIMES NOTE: IF ICING IS ENCOUTERED, VS INCREASES SIGNIFICANTLY 1 Pitot heat .............................................................ON 2 Turn back or change altitude ..............................OAT in better conditions 3 Cabin heat...........................................................FULL HEAT, defrost windshield 4 Engine.................................................................OPEN THROTTLE to increase engine speed 5 Carburetor heat ...................................................if required, APPLY and LEAN for max. RPM 6 Plan landing at nearest airport If extremely rapid ice build-up: 7 Select off-airport landing site 8 Flaps ...................................................................RETRACT (for elevator effectiveness) 9 Open left window, scrape ice for visibility 10 Approach speed..................................................65 kt – 70 kt 11 Landing ...............................................................LEVEL attitude

INADVERTENT ENTRY INTO CLOUDS

1 Immediately revert to the artificial horizon 2 Stay level, keep cruising power 3 Check heading, start level turn with 10°-15° bank angle 4 Roll out when reaching opposite coarse 5 Keep course until visibility returns

EMERGENCY LET-DOWN THROUGH CLOUDS

1 Determine the Minimum Safe Altitude (MSA) 2 Attitude................................................................WINGS LEVEL, 2° pitch down on artificial horizon 3 Airspeed..............................................................90 kt 4 Throttle ................................................................SET for ROD = 500 ft/min 5 Mixture ................................................................FULL RICH when < 5000 ft 6 Attitude and altitude ............................................MONITOR, LEVEL OFF AT MSA

SPIRAL DIVE RECOVERY

1 Throttle ................................................................IDLE to prevent overspeed 2 Attitude................................................................WINGS LEVEL 3 Pitch Angle..........................................................GENTLY PULL UP nose until on the horizon 4 Throttle ................................................................re-establish cruise conditions 5 After flight ............................................................report for inspection of over-g and overspeed


FIRES

ENGINE FIRE DURING START

1 Starter .................................................................continue CRANKING If engine starts: 2 Throttle................................................................1700 RPM for a few minutes 3 Engine.................................................................SHUT DOWN & INSPECT If engine start is UNSUCCESSFULL: 4 Starter .................................................................continue CRANKING 5 Mixture ................................................................ IDLE CUT-OFF 6 Throttle................................................................FULL OPEN 7 Fuel tank selector ...............................................OFF 8 Obtain fire extinguisher When ready to extinguish fire: 9 Starter .................................................................RELEASE 10 Abandon aircraft and extinguish fire

ENGINE FIRE DURING FLIGHT

1 Throttle................................................................CLOSED 2 Mixture ................................................................ IDLE CUT-OFF 3 Fuel tank selector ...............................................OFF 4 Master switch......................................................OFF 5 Cabin heat and defroster ....................................CLOSE 6 prepare FORCED LANDING Time permitting: 7 Establish glide.....................................................110 kt (= VNO), try blow out

ELECTRICAL FIRE DURING FLIGHT

1 All switches except ignition.................................OFF 2 Cabin heat and defroster ....................................OFF 3 Ventilating air ......................................................as required 3 Check fuses and circuit breaker to detect faulty circuit 4 Faulty circuit........................................................DEACTIVATE 5 Master switch......................................................ON 6 All switches.........................................................ON each by one, localize short circuit 7 Vents...................................................................AS DESIRED when sure that the fire is extinguished 8 Land as soon as practical

INSTRUMENT FAILURES instrument system try advice how to proceed

ASI pitot total pressure or static pressure

[no alternate static] fly slightly fast circuit to keep margin from stalling. This will need a long flare so choose an airfield with enough runway length.

Altitude Ind. static pressure [no alternate static] return to familiar airfield VSI static pressure [no alternate static] scan altitude indicator frequently Attitude Ind. vacuum suction - avoid low VMC Turn & Slip electric check fuses shallow banking & turns only Gyro comp. vacuum suction - use standby compass Comm. radio electric check fuses, headsets “transmitting blind”, squawk 7600 Nav. radio electric check fuses use charts, request QDM / QDR or radar

guidance

OOOO--LLNNCC rreevv.. 22..0022 55//1166 TAXI CHECKS

1 Yoke....................................................................CHECK W/V and apply appropriate controls 2 Brakes.................................................................CHECK left & right 3 Turn indicator ......................................................- turn L: needle L, ball R, compass decreasing - turn R: needle R, ball L, compass increasing 4 Artificial horizon...................................................- level & stable, no pitch, no bank - CHECK pitch change by braking

ENGINE RUN UP (perform after each engine start) When oil temperature ≥ ±75 F: 1 Brakes.................................................................SET 2 Carburetor heat ...................................................COLD 3 Throttle ................................................................1700 RPM 4 Oil pressure.........................................................CHECK GREEN arc 5 Alternator ............................................................ON, CHECK warning light out 6 Am-meter ............................................................CHECK load 7 Suction gauge .....................................................4.9”-5.1” Hg 8 Magnetos ............................................................CHECK drop (<125 RPM; |L-R| <50 RPM) 9 Carburetor heat ...................................................CHECK RPM drop, SET as required 10 Throttle ................................................................IDLE, CHECK 600-800 RPM and smooth operation 11 Throttle ................................................................SET ± 1000 RPM

BEFORE TAKE OFF 1 Doors and seat belts ...........................................LATCHED and FASTENED 2 Alternator ............................................................ON 3 Magnetos ............................................................BOTH 4 Fuel tank selector................................................BOTH 5 Mixture ................................................................FULL RICH 6 Friction nut ..........................................................FASTENED 7 Primer .................................................................LOCKED 8 Engine instruments .............................................CHECK normal indications 9 Flight instruments................................................CHECK 10 Radios and nav. equipment ................................SET 11 Pitot heat .............................................................ON if required 12 Trim.....................................................................SET for T/O Obtain T/O clearance


TAKE OFF TAKE OFF BRIEFING: - Check W/V - Describe initial ROUTE - Pilot flying and procedures in case of EMERGENCY. 1 Landing lights......................................................ON 2 Carburetor heat...................................................COLD 3 Transponder .......................................................SET as required 4 Gyro compass.....................................................CHECK with runway heading

NORMAL TAKE OFF

1 Flaps ...................................................................UP or 10º 2 Throttle................................................................FULL OPEN 3 Instruments check...............................................RPM, OIL T & p, ASI alive 4 Elevator control...................................................ROTATE at 55 kt IAS 5 Climb speed........................................................70 - 80 kt

MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE TAKE OFF

1 Flaps ...................................................................10º 2 Brakes.................................................................HOLD 3 Throttle................................................................FULL OPEN 4 Brakes.................................................................RELEASE 5 Elevator control...................................................slightly TAIL LOW 6 Instruments check...............................................RPM, OIL T & p, ASI alive 7 Climb speed........................................................59 kt (with obstacles ahead, =VX)

CLIMB NOTE: see POH for max performance climb speeds 1 Airspeed..............................................................70 kt 2 Throttle................................................................FULL OPEN 3 Mixture ................................................................FULL RICH (unless engine is rough) 4 Carburetor heat...................................................COLD When above 250 ft AGL: 5 Flaps ...................................................................UP 6 Landing lights......................................................OFF 7 Throttle................................................................REDUCE to CLIMB POWER when desired 8 Airspeed..............................................................80 kt (enroute climb) Lower nose attitude shortly each 1000 ft to increase visibility.

CRUISE 1 Power..................................................................ca. 2250 RPM 2 Mixture ................................................................> 3000 ft: LEAN to RPMmax - 50 (rich side) 3 Trim.....................................................................ADJUST 4 Engine instruments .............................................CHECK oil T & p

DESCENT 1 Mixture ................................................................FULL RICH 2 Carburetor heat...................................................FULL HEAT 3 Flaps ...................................................................as desired, SET only < 85 kt 4 Throttle................................................................SET for desired speed and rate of descent 5 Altimeter..............................................................SET

OOOO--LLNNCC rreevv.. 22..0022 1111//1166 FORCED LANDING WITHOUT ENGINE POWER

1 Airspeed for best glide ........................................65 kt (flaps up), 60 kt (flaps down) 2 Search and select suitable landing area, plan descent 3 Radio...................................................................MAYDAY call (121.500), location and intentions 4 Transponder........................................................7700 5 Mixture ................................................................IDLE CUT-OFF 6 Fuel tank selector................................................OFF 7 Ignition switch .....................................................OFF 8 All switches .........................................................OFF 10 Seats and seat belts ...........................................TIGHTENED 11 Flaps ...................................................................AS DESIRED 12 Cabin doors.........................................................UNLATCH prior final approach 13 APPLY HEAVY BRAKING after touchdown

PRECAUTIONARY LANDING WITH ENGINE POWER

Make low pass over selected field at 300 ft AGL to check condition: 1 Flaps ...................................................................SELECT 10º 2 Airspeed..............................................................70 kt 3 Flaps ...................................................................RETRACT to gain safe altitude and airspeed 4 Radio...................................................................announce intentions 5 Pattern ................................................................fly circuit at 600 ft AGL, close to field On downwind: 5 All switches except ignition and master ..............OFF Approach: 6 Throttle ................................................................powered approach 7 Flaps ...................................................................FULL 8 Cabin doors.........................................................UNLATCH prior to final 9 Ignition, master switches and fuel selector .........OFF prior touchdown

DITCHING

1 Radio...................................................................MAYDAY call (121.500), location and intentions 2 Transponder........................................................7700 3 Heavy objects .....................................................JETTISON 4 Survival equipment .............................................READY, if available 5 Approach.............................................................high winds: into wind, low winds: parallel to swells 6 Seats and seat belts ...........................................TIGHTENED WITH power available: 7 Flaps ...................................................................FULL 8 Power..................................................................for R/D of 300 ft/min at 55 kt WITHOUT power available: 7 Flaps ...................................................................UP 8 Airspeed..............................................................65 kt (flaps up) or 60 kt flaps 10º 9 Cabin doors.........................................................UNLATCH 10 Face & body........................................................CUSHION 11 Touchdown .........................................................level attitude, NO FLARE 12 Evacuate, if necessary open window to flood cabin 13 Inflate life vests OUTSIDE aircraft Aircraft will float just a few minutes.


ROUGH ENGINE / LOSS OF POWER

1 Oil pressure and temperature.............................MONITOR 2 Fuel.....................................................................CHECK QUANTITY 3 Magnetos ............................................................BOTH 4 Carburetor heat...................................................COLD 5 Primer .................................................................LOCKED

• CARBURETOR ICING: 1 Throttle................................................................FULL OPEN 2 Carburetor heat...................................................FULL HEAT Readjust throttle and carburetor heat when engine runs smoothly. If conditions continue: 3 Carburetor heat................................................... just enough to prevent carburetor icing 4 Mixture ................................................................LEAN for smoothest engine operation

• SPARK PLUG FOULING: Verify by turning ignition switch from BOTH to L and R. If L or R causes obvious power loss: 1 Mixture ................................................................LEAN for normal cruise, max. smoothness. If problem continues: 2 Proceed to nearest airport 3 Magnetos ............................................................BOTH unless extreme roughness dictates the use of a single ignition position.

• MAGNETO MALFUNCTIONING (sudden roughness / misfiring): 1 Identify which magneto is malfunctioning. ..........SWITCH L and R Select DIFFERENT POWER SETTINGS and ENRICHEN to determine if continued operation on BOTH is practicable. If continued operation on both is NOT practicable: 2 Magnetos ............................................................SWITCH to the good magneto 3 Land at nearest airport

FORCED LANDINGS

ENGINE FAILURE DURING FLIGHT

Establish flaps up glide at 65 kt Time permitting: 1 Fuel quantity .......................................................CHECK 2 Fuel tank selector ...............................................BOTH 3 Mixture ................................................................FULL RICH 4 Carburetor heat...................................................FULL HEAT 5 Primer ................................................................. IN and LOCKED 6 Attempt to restart the engine If engine does not start: 7 Throttle and mixture............................................TRY DIFFERENT SETTINGS If engine does not start: execute FORCED LANDING.


BEFORE LANDING: DOWNWIND 1 Landing lights......................................................ON 2 Carburetor heat ...................................................FULL HEAT when RPM < 2100 3 Throttle ................................................................set for level flight at 70 kt 4 Mixture ................................................................FULL RICH 5 Fuel .....................................................................CHECK quantity, select BOTH 6 Primer .................................................................LOCKED 7 Flaps ...................................................................as desired, SET only < 85 kt 8 Brakes.................................................................CHECK pressure 9 Seat belts ............................................................FASTENED

BASE-LEG Keep IAS 65 kt + ½ of gust speed @ appropriate descent path 1 Throttle ................................................................as required 2 Flaps ...................................................................as required

FINAL

Keep IAS 60 kt + ½ of gust speed @ appropriate descent path 1 Carburetor heat ...................................................COLD before reaching decision height 2 Throttle ................................................................IDLE prior touchdown

GO-AROUND

Keep IAS at or above 55 kt 1 Throttle ................................................................FULL OPEN 2 Carburetor heat ...................................................COLD 3 Flaps ...................................................................RETRACT to 20º 4 Upon reaching safe airspeed and height, retract flaps.

NORMAL LANDING 1 Touchdown .........................................................main wheels first 2 Landing roll .........................................................lower nose wheel gently 3 Braking................................................................apply MINIMUM required braking

AFTER LANDING 1 Flaps ...................................................................UP 2 Carburetor heat ...................................................COLD 3 Pitot heat .............................................................OFF 3 Landing lights......................................................OFF 4 Nav. equipment and transponder........................OFF

SECURING AIRCRAFT 1 Parking brake......................................................SET 2 Radios and electrical equipment.........................OFF 3 Throttle ................................................................1000 RPM 4 Ignition ................................................................CHECK for hot magneto 5 Mixture ................................................................IDLE CUT-OFF 6 Ignition ................................................................OFF 7 Master switches ..................................................OFF 8 Control lock .........................................................INSTALLED


SPECIAL PROCEDURES CHECKLIST

GENERAL REMARKS This aircraft is certified as a NORMAL category and UTILITY category aircraft. The differences in operating conditions are summarized in the following table. Note that club policy advises to operate this aircraft strictly in the NORMAL category.

NORMAL UTILITY MTOW

max. baggage comp. 1 max. baggage comp. 2

max. tot. baggage comp.

1043 kg (2300 lb) 54.4 kg (120 lb)

23 kg (50 lb) 54.4 kg (120 lb)

907.2 kg (2000 lb) no rear seat passengers allowed

no load in baggage comp. allowed

load factor limits1 -1.52 g - 3.8 g flaps up 0 g - 3.0 g flaps down

-1.76 g - 4.4 g flaps up 0 g - 3.0 g flaps down

- any manoeuvre incident to normal flying - stalls (except whip stalls) with flaps up or down and power on or off

allowed flight manoeuvres - lazy eights, chandelles and steep turns or similar manoeuvres, in which the angle of bank is no more than 60 degrees

- lazy eights, chandelles and steep turns or similar manoeuvres, in which the angle of bank is no more than 90 degrees - spins2, only with flaps up

1 WARNING: The engine is not designed for negative g loads and will certainly stall during near zero or negative load factor manoeuvres. 2 WARNING: Although this aircraft is certified for spins when operated in utility category, intentional spins are not allowed (club policy). NOTE: The published stall speed VS in the POH and this document are based on the FAR-23 definition: the minimum airspeed during a stall manoeuvre in which the aircraft is controllable. Note that this is NOT equal but lower than the more practical stall speed VS, 1g, the airspeed at which CL, max is reached to attain 1g level flight.

PRIOR STALLS, SPINS, STEEP TURNS AND AEROBATICS Memory aid: “APOS” (Altitude, Position, Orientation, Sky free) 1 Instruments .........................................................CHECK 2 Fuel.....................................................................CHECK quantity 3 Seatbelts.............................................................LOCK 4 Cockpit................................................................no loose objects 5 Altitude................................................................CHECK > 2000 ft AGL 6 Position............................................................... - not above populated area - clear of clouds 7 Orientation .......................................................... - ground references - sun - heading to field 8 Sky...................................................................... - free of other aircraft - distance from clouds


EMERGENCY PROCEDURES CHECKLIST

ENGINE PROBLEMS

ENGINE FAILURE DURING TAKE OFF RUN

Sufficient RWY remaining: ABORT T/O: 1 Throttle ................................................................CLOSE IMMEDIATELY 2 Brakes.................................................................APPLY as required Insufficient RWY remaining: ABORT T/O: 1 Throttle ................................................................CLOSE IMMEDIATELY 2 Brakes.................................................................APPLY as required 3 Mixture ................................................................IDLE CUT-OFF 4 Fuel selector valve ..............................................OFF 5 Master switch ......................................................OFF 6 Magnetos ............................................................OFF 7 Directional control ...............................................MAINTAIN and avoid obstacles

ENGINE FAILURE DURING TAKE OFF, AIRBORNE

Sufficient RWY remaining: LAND STRAIGHT AHEAD: 1 Airspeed..............................................................AVOID STALL 2 Maintain directional control 3 Land straight ahead Insufficient RWY remaining: - time permitting: attempt restart:

1 Airspeed.............................................................maintain 60 kt (flaps DOWN) - 65 kt (flaps UP) 2 Fuel tank selector...............................................BOTH 3 Mixture ...............................................................FULL RICH 4 Carburetor heat..................................................FULL HEAT 5 Primer ................................................................IN and LOCKED 6 Attempt to restart the engine

- execute forced landing: 1 Airspeed.............................................................avoid stall, land at minimum speed 2 Throttle...............................................................CLOSE 3 Mixture ...............................................................IDLE CUT-OFF 4 Fuel selector valve.............................................OFF 5 Master switch .....................................................OFF 6 Magnetos ...........................................................OFF 7 Flaps ..................................................................as required 8 Directional control ..............................................SHALLOW TURNS, avoid obstacles

ENGINE FAILURE DURING FLIGHT see FORCED LANDING

LOSS OF OIL PRESSURE OR HIGH OIL TEMPERATURE

1 Oil pressure and temperature .............................MONITOR 2 Land at nearest airport to investigate 3 Be prepared for emergency landing without power

LOSS OF OIL PRESSURE AND HIGH OIL TEMPERATURE

1 Oil pressure and temperature .............................MONITOR 2 Throttle ................................................................REDUCE ENGINE POWER immediately 3 EXECUTE FORCED LANDING with engine running at low power