flip-flop applications - web page for...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Flip-Flop Applications - web page for staffwebstaff.kmutt.ac.th/~iauaroen/ENE232/FlipFlopApps.pdf · · 2008-09-07Flip-Flop Applications Counters. Counters ... Synchronous mod-10](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022021509/5b0a6d7e7f8b9ae61b8c1293/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Flip-Flop Applications
Registers
![Page 2: Flip-Flop Applications - web page for staffwebstaff.kmutt.ac.th/~iauaroen/ENE232/FlipFlopApps.pdf · · 2008-09-07Flip-Flop Applications Counters. Counters ... Synchronous mod-10](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022021509/5b0a6d7e7f8b9ae61b8c1293/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Registers
a register is a collection of flip-flops basic function is to hold information a shift register is a register that
moves information on the clock signal serial-in/serial-out serial-in/parallel-out parallel-in/serial-out parallel-in/parallel-out
![Page 3: Flip-Flop Applications - web page for staffwebstaff.kmutt.ac.th/~iauaroen/ENE232/FlipFlopApps.pdf · · 2008-09-07Flip-Flop Applications Counters. Counters ... Synchronous mod-10](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022021509/5b0a6d7e7f8b9ae61b8c1293/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Serial-in, serial-out unidirectional shift register.Figure 6.26
![Page 4: Flip-Flop Applications - web page for staffwebstaff.kmutt.ac.th/~iauaroen/ENE232/FlipFlopApps.pdf · · 2008-09-07Flip-Flop Applications Counters. Counters ... Synchronous mod-10](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022021509/5b0a6d7e7f8b9ae61b8c1293/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Serial-in, parallel-out unidirectional shift register.Figure 6.27
![Page 5: Flip-Flop Applications - web page for staffwebstaff.kmutt.ac.th/~iauaroen/ENE232/FlipFlopApps.pdf · · 2008-09-07Flip-Flop Applications Counters. Counters ... Synchronous mod-10](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022021509/5b0a6d7e7f8b9ae61b8c1293/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Parallel-in unidirectional shift register.Figure 6.28
![Page 6: Flip-Flop Applications - web page for staffwebstaff.kmutt.ac.th/~iauaroen/ENE232/FlipFlopApps.pdf · · 2008-09-07Flip-Flop Applications Counters. Counters ... Synchronous mod-10](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022021509/5b0a6d7e7f8b9ae61b8c1293/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Universal shift register. (a) Logic diagram. (b) Mode control.(c) Symbol.Figure 6.29
![Page 7: Flip-Flop Applications - web page for staffwebstaff.kmutt.ac.th/~iauaroen/ENE232/FlipFlopApps.pdf · · 2008-09-07Flip-Flop Applications Counters. Counters ... Synchronous mod-10](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022021509/5b0a6d7e7f8b9ae61b8c1293/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Flip-Flop Applications
Counters
![Page 8: Flip-Flop Applications - web page for staffwebstaff.kmutt.ac.th/~iauaroen/ENE232/FlipFlopApps.pdf · · 2008-09-07Flip-Flop Applications Counters. Counters ... Synchronous mod-10](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022021509/5b0a6d7e7f8b9ae61b8c1293/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Counters
Also called pattern generatorsFunction: produce a specified output
pattern sequenceTypes of counters Binary ripple counters (asynchronous counters) Synchronous counters
![Page 9: Flip-Flop Applications - web page for staffwebstaff.kmutt.ac.th/~iauaroen/ENE232/FlipFlopApps.pdf · · 2008-09-07Flip-Flop Applications Counters. Counters ... Synchronous mod-10](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022021509/5b0a6d7e7f8b9ae61b8c1293/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
State diagram of a counter.Figure 6.30
![Page 10: Flip-Flop Applications - web page for staffwebstaff.kmutt.ac.th/~iauaroen/ENE232/FlipFlopApps.pdf · · 2008-09-07Flip-Flop Applications Counters. Counters ... Synchronous mod-10](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022021509/5b0a6d7e7f8b9ae61b8c1293/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Binary Ripple Counters
also called asynchronous binarycounters
the LSB flip-flop recieves clock inputfrom a clock source
the ith flip-flop recieves clock inputfrom output of the ith-1 flip-flop
![Page 11: Flip-Flop Applications - web page for staffwebstaff.kmutt.ac.th/~iauaroen/ENE232/FlipFlopApps.pdf · · 2008-09-07Flip-Flop Applications Counters. Counters ... Synchronous mod-10](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022021509/5b0a6d7e7f8b9ae61b8c1293/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Four-bit binary ripple counter. (a) Logic diagram. (b) Timingdiagram. (c) Counting sequence.Figure 6.31
![Page 12: Flip-Flop Applications - web page for staffwebstaff.kmutt.ac.th/~iauaroen/ENE232/FlipFlopApps.pdf · · 2008-09-07Flip-Flop Applications Counters. Counters ... Synchronous mod-10](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022021509/5b0a6d7e7f8b9ae61b8c1293/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Synchronous Binary Counters
Solve the settling time problem of theripple counters
Every flip-flop changes on clock inputsimultaneously
Large number of flip-flops can causeloading complications
![Page 13: Flip-Flop Applications - web page for staffwebstaff.kmutt.ac.th/~iauaroen/ENE232/FlipFlopApps.pdf · · 2008-09-07Flip-Flop Applications Counters. Counters ... Synchronous mod-10](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022021509/5b0a6d7e7f8b9ae61b8c1293/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Four-bit synchronous binary counter.Figure 6.32
![Page 14: Flip-Flop Applications - web page for staffwebstaff.kmutt.ac.th/~iauaroen/ENE232/FlipFlopApps.pdf · · 2008-09-07Flip-Flop Applications Counters. Counters ... Synchronous mod-10](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022021509/5b0a6d7e7f8b9ae61b8c1293/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Four-bit synchronous binary counter variation.Figure 6.33
![Page 15: Flip-Flop Applications - web page for staffwebstaff.kmutt.ac.th/~iauaroen/ENE232/FlipFlopApps.pdf · · 2008-09-07Flip-Flop Applications Counters. Counters ... Synchronous mod-10](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022021509/5b0a6d7e7f8b9ae61b8c1293/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Four-bit synchronous binary counter with parallel loadinputs. (a) Logic diagram. (b) Symbol.Figure 6.34
![Page 16: Flip-Flop Applications - web page for staffwebstaff.kmutt.ac.th/~iauaroen/ENE232/FlipFlopApps.pdf · · 2008-09-07Flip-Flop Applications Counters. Counters ... Synchronous mod-10](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022021509/5b0a6d7e7f8b9ae61b8c1293/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Synchronous mod-10 counter. (a) Connections. (b) Countingsequence.Figure 6.35
![Page 17: Flip-Flop Applications - web page for staffwebstaff.kmutt.ac.th/~iauaroen/ENE232/FlipFlopApps.pdf · · 2008-09-07Flip-Flop Applications Counters. Counters ... Synchronous mod-10](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022021509/5b0a6d7e7f8b9ae61b8c1293/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
8-bit synchronous binary counter constructed from two 4-bitsynchronous binary counters.Figure 6.36
![Page 18: Flip-Flop Applications - web page for staffwebstaff.kmutt.ac.th/~iauaroen/ENE232/FlipFlopApps.pdf · · 2008-09-07Flip-Flop Applications Counters. Counters ... Synchronous mod-10](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022021509/5b0a6d7e7f8b9ae61b8c1293/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Counters Based on Shift Registers
Nonbinary counters a ring counter: a circular shift register
where only one flip-flop is in 1-state andthe rest are in 0-state
a switch-tail counter (twisted-ringcounter or Johnson counter):complement of the rightmost flip-flopbecomes input of the leftmost flip-flop
![Page 19: Flip-Flop Applications - web page for staffwebstaff.kmutt.ac.th/~iauaroen/ENE232/FlipFlopApps.pdf · · 2008-09-07Flip-Flop Applications Counters. Counters ... Synchronous mod-10](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022021509/5b0a6d7e7f8b9ae61b8c1293/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Mod-4 ring counter. (a) Logic diagram. (b) Countingsequence.Figure 6.37
![Page 20: Flip-Flop Applications - web page for staffwebstaff.kmutt.ac.th/~iauaroen/ENE232/FlipFlopApps.pdf · · 2008-09-07Flip-Flop Applications Counters. Counters ... Synchronous mod-10](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022021509/5b0a6d7e7f8b9ae61b8c1293/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Mod-8 twisted-ring counter. (a) Logic diagram. (b) Countingsequence.Figure 6.38
![Page 21: Flip-Flop Applications - web page for staffwebstaff.kmutt.ac.th/~iauaroen/ENE232/FlipFlopApps.pdf · · 2008-09-07Flip-Flop Applications Counters. Counters ... Synchronous mod-10](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022021509/5b0a6d7e7f8b9ae61b8c1293/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Mod-7 twisted-ring counter. (a) Logic diagram. (b) Countingsequence.Figure 6.39
![Page 22: Flip-Flop Applications - web page for staffwebstaff.kmutt.ac.th/~iauaroen/ENE232/FlipFlopApps.pdf · · 2008-09-07Flip-Flop Applications Counters. Counters ... Synchronous mod-10](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022021509/5b0a6d7e7f8b9ae61b8c1293/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Synchronous Counter Design
To design a synchronous counter,perform the following steps
Decide the counting sequence Draw an excitation table, which
consists of 3 partsPresent state| Next state| flip-flop inputs
(flip-flop inputs can be obtained from an applicationtable of the selected flip-flop)
Determine inputs of each flip-flop
![Page 23: Flip-Flop Applications - web page for staffwebstaff.kmutt.ac.th/~iauaroen/ENE232/FlipFlopApps.pdf · · 2008-09-07Flip-Flop Applications Counters. Counters ... Synchronous mod-10](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022021509/5b0a6d7e7f8b9ae61b8c1293/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
General structure of a synchronous mod-6 counter usingpositive-edge-triggered JK flip-flops.Figure 6.40
![Page 24: Flip-Flop Applications - web page for staffwebstaff.kmutt.ac.th/~iauaroen/ENE232/FlipFlopApps.pdf · · 2008-09-07Flip-Flop Applications Counters. Counters ... Synchronous mod-10](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022021509/5b0a6d7e7f8b9ae61b8c1293/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Determination of the minimal-sum expressions for asynchronous mod-6 counter using clocked JK flip-flops.Figure 6.41
![Page 25: Flip-Flop Applications - web page for staffwebstaff.kmutt.ac.th/~iauaroen/ENE232/FlipFlopApps.pdf · · 2008-09-07Flip-Flop Applications Counters. Counters ... Synchronous mod-10](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022021509/5b0a6d7e7f8b9ae61b8c1293/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Logic diagram of a synchronous mod-6 counter.Figure 6.42
![Page 26: Flip-Flop Applications - web page for staffwebstaff.kmutt.ac.th/~iauaroen/ENE232/FlipFlopApps.pdf · · 2008-09-07Flip-Flop Applications Counters. Counters ... Synchronous mod-10](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022021509/5b0a6d7e7f8b9ae61b8c1293/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Determination of the minimal-sum expressions for asynchronous mod-6 counter using clocked D flip-flops.Figure 6.43
![Page 27: Flip-Flop Applications - web page for staffwebstaff.kmutt.ac.th/~iauaroen/ENE232/FlipFlopApps.pdf · · 2008-09-07Flip-Flop Applications Counters. Counters ... Synchronous mod-10](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022021509/5b0a6d7e7f8b9ae61b8c1293/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Determination of the minimal-sum expressions for asynchronous mod-6 counter using clocked T flip-flops.Figure 6.44
![Page 28: Flip-Flop Applications - web page for staffwebstaff.kmutt.ac.th/~iauaroen/ENE232/FlipFlopApps.pdf · · 2008-09-07Flip-Flop Applications Counters. Counters ... Synchronous mod-10](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022021509/5b0a6d7e7f8b9ae61b8c1293/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Determination of the minimal-sum expressions for asynchronous mod-6 counter using clocked SR flip-flops.Figure 6.45
![Page 29: Flip-Flop Applications - web page for staffwebstaff.kmutt.ac.th/~iauaroen/ENE232/FlipFlopApps.pdf · · 2008-09-07Flip-Flop Applications Counters. Counters ... Synchronous mod-10](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022021509/5b0a6d7e7f8b9ae61b8c1293/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Complete state diagram for the synchronous mod-6 counterof Fig. 6.42.Figure 6.46