floating wind turbines - amazon web...
TRANSCRIPT
Floating Wind Turbines
by Paul D. SclavounosMIT Department of Mechanical Engineering
Courtesy of NREL
Horns Rev Wind Farm (Denmark) - Rated Power 160 MW – Water Depth 10-15m
Expensive Installation Process for Seafloor Mounted Turbines
Floating Wind Turbine Attributes
• Water depths of 30 – 1,000 m
• 5-MW wind turbine
• 1-2 GW Floating Wind Farm (200-400 Units)
• Flexible installation process:
– Full Assembly at a Coastal Facility– Tow Stably Floating Units Offshore– Anchoring System Preinstalled– Floating Wind Turbine Movable– Concrete Block and Drag Anchor Systems
• Attractive Economic and Financial Attributes
Coastal Zone of Visual Influence (ZVI)
• L Distance from Shore for Turbine to be Invisible
• H Max Height of Turbine Blade Tip (90 + 65=155 m)
• R Earth Radius (~ 6,370,000 m)
• L = 28 Land miles (H=155m - Blade Tip)
• L = 21 Land miles (H=90m - Hub)
2L H R=
Deep Water Offshore Platforms for Oil and Gas Exploration
Spar and TLP SML Simulation Models
of MIT Laboratory for Ship and Platform Flows
5 MW Wind TurbineRotor Orientation Upwind
Control Variable Speed, Collective Pitch
Rotor Diameter/Hub Diameter 126 m/3 m
Hub Height 90 m
Max Rotor/Generator Speed 12.1 rpm/1,173.7 rpm
Maximum Tip Speed 80 m/s
Overhang/Shaft Tilt/Precone 5 m/ 5°/ -2.5°
Rotor Mass 110,000 kg
Nacelle Mass 240,000 kg
Tower Mass 347,460 kg
Overall c.g. location:
(x,y,z)t = (-.2,0,64)m
MIT TLP Design
Diameter 20.0 m
Freeboard 5 m
Draft 47.7 m
Concrete Ballast Height 14.6 m
Water Depth 200 m
Turbine Capacity 5.0 MW
Hub Height 90 m
Rotor Diameter 128 m
Static Tether Tension 507 T
σ of Dynamic Tether
Tension at Hs=10m 90 T
σ of Nacelle
Displacement at Hs=10m 2.3 m
σ of Nacelle
Displacement at Hs=6m 1.2 m
MIT Taut Catenary Design
Diameter 17.0 m
Freeboard 5 m
Draft 50 m
Concrete Ballast Height 18.3 m
Water Depth 200 m
Turbine Capacity 5.0 MW
Hub Height 90 m
Rotor Diameter 128 m
Static Mooring Line
Tension 702 T
σ of Dynamic Mooring
Line Tension at Hs=10m 224 T
σ of Nacelle
Displacement at Hs=10m 8.5 m
σ of Nacelle
Displacement at Hs=6m 6.1 m
MIT Slack Catenary Design
Diameter 32.0 m
Freeboard 5 m
Draft 9.8 m
Concrete Ballast Height 3.6 m
Water Depth 200 m
Turbine Capacity 5.0 MW
Hub Height 90 m
Rotor Diameter 128 m
Static Mooring Line
Tension 75 T
σ of Dynamic Mooring
Line Tension at Hs=10m 69 T
σ of Nacelle
Displacement at Hs=10m 4.0 m
σ of Nacelle
Displacement at Hs=6m 3.1 m
MIT Floater Designs – Hs=10m
Slack Catenaries
Taut Catenaries
TLPs
=Detailed Design
MIT Floater Designs – Hs=6m
Slack Catenaries
Taut Catenaries
TLPs
=Detailed Design
Economics of Offshore Wind Energy
• Breakeven Cost vs Combined Cycle Gas Turbine ~ $ 3 M/MW
• Natural Gas ~ $9-15/MMBtu over 2010-2027
• Onshore Wind Turbine Cost ~ $ 2 M/MW (2007)
• Floater and Mooring System Breakeven Cost for 5MW Turbine ~ $5M; 10MW Turbine ~ $10M
• Revenues from Trading of Carbon Credits
• Coal Plant Emits ~ 1 ton CO2/MWh;
• Combined Cycle Gas Turbine Emits ~ 300 Kg CO2/MWh
Courtesy: John Trowbridge WHOI
Courtesy: John Trowbridge WHOI
Research Themes
• Wind Turbine Floater and Mooring Systems
– Tension Leg Platform Floaters – Damping Systems
– Catenaries with Active Tension Control
• Advanced Blade Materials
• Economics of Offshore Wind Farms
• NREL Awards Massachusetts Grant for Large Blade Testing Facility (June 2007)