floor coatings for multi-storey and underground car parks
TRANSCRIPT
Art
. no
. 201
5011
3 P
rin
ted
in S
ing
apo
re
Floor coatingsFor multi-storey and underground car parks
| F loor coatings | Car Parks |
It should be noted that details, illustrations, general technical information and diagrams contained in this document are only general proposals and details which merely describe
basic functions schematically. No precise dimensions are included. The applicator/customer is independently responsible for determining the suitability and completeness for
the product in question. Neighbouring works are described only schematically. All specifications and information must be adjusted or agreed in the light of local conditions and
do not constitute work, detail or assembly plans. The technical specifications and information on the products contained in the Technical Data Sheets and system descriptions/
approvals must always be observed.
2 | Floor coatings
Contents
Introduction 4
Solutions for bottom slabs 6
Solutions for intermediate decks 7
Solutions for exposed decks 8
Solutions for ramps and turning / cornering areas 9
Solutions for pedestrian areas and stairways 10
4 | Floor coatings
Multi-storey and underground car parks: exceptionally complex tasks for the structural protection of buildings
There is virtually no other kind of buil-ding that varies so greatly in terms of size, shape and stress levels as multi-storey and underground car parks. The spectrum ranges from single-storey underground car parks in apartment houses to vast parking complexes at airports. Particularly in the past, par-king decks were left for the most part without any protective coating, and not even surfaces subject to high traffic volumes were provided with any form of surface protection. The stresses applied to reinforced concrete inside multi-storey car parks are however particularly severe. Vehicles entrain water which in turn contains soluble pollutants. The CO2 concentration is greatly increased as a result of exhaust emissions. Cracks can develop from constant traffic on the intermediate decks of which pollutants can quickly make their way to the reinforcement steel, causing it to corrode. As a conse-quence, elaborate repair work is re-quired. Quite frequently, the physical service life of the structure is compro-mised.
Nowadays, building protection is often part of the planning for new builds. And the colour design is a key factor in the battle to win the hearts and minds of customers.
Floor coating systems for multi-storey and underground car parksProduct benefits ensure the value in use
Floor coatings | 5
Sto – competence for multi-storey and underground car parks
Sto has been a leading supplier of floor coatings for multi-storey and underground car parks as well as of systems for protecting and restoring the buildings‘ reinforced concrete elements for decades. Sto‘s high-tech systems have been tried and tested on millions of square metres of flooring.
The requirements for car park coatings are highly diverse depending on the area of use. A floor slab in contact with the ground is subjected to very different stress levels than a raised deck exposed to the elements.
Depending on traffic frequency and the associated mechanical stress applied to the various areas of a multi-storey car park, the layer thick-ness and/or the system can be adap-ted to suit anticipated requirements.
Germany is the country with the most comprehensive sets of standards and regulations governing the protection of reinforced concrete building elements. All products offered by Sto were inspected in accordance with these exacting requirements.
There are five main elements in multi-storey car parks. A distinction is made between the following areas of application:
Bottom slabs, mostly water-impermeable concrete
Intermediate decks, open or closed to the side
Exposed decks
Ramps
Pedestrian areas, stairways
1
2
3
4
5
Competence ensures the property valueIndividual solutions for individual tasks
1
2
3
4
5
2
2
6 | Floor coatings
Solutions for bottom slabsRising damp – the great enemy of coating systems – and how to combat it
The primary task of floor coatings in multi-storey car parks is to protect the substrate. Any coating needs to provide reliable and lasting protection against the ingress of water and poten-tially entrained pollutants, especially to the reinforced concrete. It is equally important to find a reliable solution to the problem of rising damp. When damp affects the reverse side of a slab, bubbles can form in coatings which can cause them to peel. To prevent this, diffusion-capable coating systems based on water-emulsified epoxy resins have proven their capabilities. They enable water to diffuse in the form of steam / vapour but are non-permeable to water in liquid form.
Advantages:Increase durabilityHigher skid resistance
Bottom slabs
Requirements • No dynamic crack-bridging requirements• No large or sudden temperature changes• Danger of uprising moisture from the concrete core
Description Structure of a rigid, water vapour permeable epoxy resin systemStructure of a rigid, water vapour permeable epoxy resin system with integrated anti-skid filler
Key features• High anti-skid properties• High durability• Water vapour permeable
• Easy maintenance• Convenient solution• Anti-skid properties• Homogeneous application• Water vapour permeable
Layer thickness 0.5 - 1.0 mm (layer thickness is variable, depending on the mechanical stress)
approx 0.25 mm
Steps 1. Concrete substrate2. Primer, StoPox WG 1003. Scattered coat of quartz sand4. Intermediate sealing, StoPox WL 1005. Top sealing, StoPox WL 100
1. Concrete substrate2. Primer, StoPox WG 1003. Intermediate sealing, StoPox WL 100 anti-skid4. Top sealing, StoPox WL 100 anti-skid
System view
SGBP 2014-341
SGBP 2014-341
12 3
45
12 3
4
Floor coatings | 7
Solutions for intermediate decksRigid with accompanying crack treatment or crack-bridging
On intermediate decks, cracks candevelop which exhibit changes in crack width as a result of temperature and load reversal stresses. These are known as dynamic cracks. For this reason, crack-bridging, elastic coatingsystems are often used.
Intermediate decks
Requirements • Low or increased requirements on crack-bridging properties• Slight or large temperature changes
Description Structure of a rigid epoxy resin system Structure of a crack-bridging epoxy resin system
Key features • Chemical resistant• High durability• Anti-skid properties
• Flexible system• High durability• Anti-skid properties
Layer thickness 0.5 - 1.0 mm (layer thickness is variable, depending on the mechanical stress)
approx. 3.5mm
Steps 1. Concrete substrate2. Primer, StoPox GH 2053. Scattered coat of quartz sand4. Intermediate sealing, StoPox BB5. Top sealing, StoPox BB6. UV resistant top sealing, StoPur PAC (optional)
1. Concrete substrate2. Primer, StoPox GH 2053. Elastic abrasive layer, StoPox TEP Multi Top filled with quartz sand4. Scattered coat of quartz sand5. Top sealing, StoPox DV 100
System view
12 3
45
12 3
45
6
8 | Floor coatings
Solutions for exposed decksResistant to extreme weather
As a result of the stringent require-ments constituted by exposure to the weather and its associated rapid temperature changes, it is a standard practice to use crack-bridging, elastic coating systems.
Exposed decks
Requirements • Increased requirement for crack-bridging properties• Large temperature changes are possible• Low temperatures possible• Increased slip resistance requirement
Description Structure of an increased crack-bridging epoxy resin system
Key features • Flexible and highly durable• Resistant against oil and fuels• Weatherproof• Waterproof
Layer thickness approx. 5 mm
Steps 1. Concrete substrate2. Primer, StoPox GH 2053. Elastic layer, StoPox TEP Multi Top (180 - 200% elongation)4. Elastic abrasion layer, StoPox TEP filled with quartz sand5. Scattered coat of quartz sand6. Top sealing, StoPox DV 100
System view
12 3
45
6
Floor coatings | 9
Solutions for ramps and turning / cornering areasStrong protection against continuous up and down traffic
The highest volumes of traffic are encountered on ramps because these are the only way to access parking decks. Coating systems therefore need to be particularly hard-wearing. At the same time, they have to pro-vide good grip to prevent accidents resulting from skidding. In this context, robust epoxy resin coatings have proven to increase grip, often in conjunction with the spreading of road grit or similar materials.
A sufficient layer thickness of the coating is required to make it dura-ble.
Ramps and turning / cornering areas
Requirements• Low requirements on crack bridging properties• High shear and abrasion loads• Increased slip resistance requirement
Description Structure of a rigid epoxy resin system Structure of a crack-bridging epoxy resin systemStructure of a rigid, water vapour permeable epoxy resin system
Key features• High anti-skid properties• High durability
• Flexible system• High durability• Anti-skid properties
• High durability• High anti-skid properties• Water vapour permeable
Layer thickness 0.5 to 1.0 mm (layer thickness is variable, depending on the mechanical stress)
approx. 3.5mm 1 - 1.5 mm (layer thickness is variable, depen-ding on the mechanical stress)
Steps 1. Concrete substrate2. Primer, StoPox GH 2053. Scattered coat of quartz sand4. Intermediate sealing, StoPox BB5. Top sealing, StoPox BB
1. Concrete substrate2. Primer, StoPox GH 2053. Elastic abrasive layer, StoPox TEP Multi Top filled with quartz sand4. Scattered coat of quartz sand5. Top sealing, StoPox DV 100
1. Concrete substrate2. Primer, StoPox WG 1003. Leveller, StoPox WG 100 filled with quartz sand (optional for cornering area)4. Scattered coat of quartz sand5. Intermediate sealing, StoPox WL 1006. Top sealing, StoPox WL 100
System view
SGBP 2014-341
12 3
45
12 3
45
6
12 3
45
10 | Floor coatings
Solutions for pedestrian areas and stairwaysPreventing slip injuries on stairways
It is extremely important to ensure that pedestrain areas and stairways are safe and slip proof. Coating sys-tems therefore need to be particularly hard-wearing and durable. At the same time, they have to provide good grip to prevent accidents resulting from slipping.
Pedestrian areas and stairways
Requirements • No requirements on crack bridging properties• No large temperature changes• Increased slip resistance requirement
Description Structure of a rigid, water vapour permeable epoxy resin system Structure of a rigid epoxy resin system
Key features • Easy maintenance• Convenient solution• Anti-skid properties• Homogeneous application• Water vapour permeable
• Anti-skid properties• High durability
Layer thickness approx 0.25 mm approx 0.30 mm
Steps 1. Concrete substrate2. Primer, StoPox WG 1003. Intermediate sealing, StoPox WL 100 anti-skid 4. Top sealing, StoPox WL 100 anti-skid
1. Concrete substrate2. Primer, StoPox GH 2053. Intermediate sealing, StoPox BB anti-skid4. Top sealing, StoPox BB anti-skid
System view
SGBP 2014-341
12 3
4
12 3
4
The company | 5
Singapore
Sto SEA Pte. Ltd.
159 Sin Ming Road
#06-02, Amtech Building
Singapore 575625
Tel +65 6453 3080
Fax +65 6453 3543
e-mail [email protected]
www-sto-sea.com
Malaysia
Sto SEA Sdn. Bhd.
No.15 Jalan Teknologi PJU 3/3A
Surian Industrial Park,
Kota Damansara
47810 Petaling Jaya,
Selangor, Malaysia
Tel +603 6156 6133
Fax +603 6156 7133
e-mail [email protected]
Art
. no
. 201
5011
3 P
rin
ted
in S
ing
apo
re