flooring finishes_types and installation

A FLOOR is the walking surface of an object space. Floors typically consist of a SUBFLOOR for support and a floor covering / FLOORING. Subfloor often has electrical wiring,

plumbing, under floor heating and other installations built in.

Flooring is the general term for a usually permanent covering of a floor The choice of material for floor covering is affected by factors such as cost, endurance, noise insulation, comfort and cleaning

Special floor structures are used for a number of purposes:

- Floating floor, normally for noise or vibration reduction

- Glass floor, as in glass bottomed elevators

- Nightingale floor makes a noise when an intruder walks on it

- Raised floor, utilities underneath can be accessed easily

- Sprung floor, improves the performance and safety of athletes and dancers

Author: M.Arch Jelena Baturan

The subfloor may be finished in a way that makes it usable without any extra work:

- Earthen floor adobe or clay floors

- Solid ground floor cement screed or granolithic


FLO

OR

ING

FIN

ISH

ES

SOFT carpet, rugs

WOOD and LAMINATE hardwood plank and parquet; laminate;

bamboo, cork

RESILIENT linoleum, vinyl, cork, rubber

HARD ceramic tile, stone, glass, concrete /

cement tiles

SEAMLESS CHEMICAL FLOORING latex, polyester, urethane or epoxy

SUSTAINABLE FLOORING cork, bamboo, natural carpets, stone,

hardwood, linoleum, ceramic tile

A carpet is a textile floor covering consisting of an upper layer of "pile" attached to

a backing. The pile is made from fibers.

Fibers natural (wool), synthetics (Nylon, Olefin, Polyester (P.E.T.), and Triexta) or a mixed.

Backings & Latex

Most backings are a web of plastic, rubber, urethane or jute.

Density Pile

The more fibers per inch, the better the carpet should

perform. Test with a finger.

Pile height

The taller the fibers stand, the less the carpet will perform over time.

Twist Level

Twist level is measured in turns per inch (or cm).

Stain Resistant Treatments

wear off in 5 to 7 years

Dye

pre-dyed yarns or post dyed yarns


Pile height

Wool Carpet Fiber

The best and the most expensive; natural, durable,

luxurious, soft, flame resistant, water repellant and environmentally friendly; doesnt conduct static electricity, most stain resistant.

Nylon Carpet Fiber

petroleum-based synthetic fabric s; durable, resist abrasive wear damage and offers almost a lifetime resistance to stains.

Olefin (Polypropylene)

colorfast, prevents moisture damage, stain resistant, low in static, soft and lightweight, wont fade and stands up to strong chemical cleaning agents even bleach. It is less resilient than nylon and it has a low heat resistance.

Polyester (P.E.T.)

environmentally friendly, has built-in moisture and stain resistance, is colorfast and feels incredibly soft; affordable Triexta

new polyester fibers; durability, resilience, softness, ability to stretch with recovery water-based stain resistance


WOWEN

NEEDLES FELT

KNOTTED

TUFTING

The most common way of producing carpets

FLAT WEAVE

HOOKED RUG


LOOP PILE

Uncut, commercial carpet; smooth, consistent surface or high and low loops (textured appearance); olefin or nylon fibers; for high traffic usage

CUT PILE

Cut to the same height and

allowed to slightly tuft - a dense, soft appearance; residential market

Saxony (or plush)

grain texture, thick and soft and shows footprints; low foot traffic rooms

Textured Saxony

twisted differently than Saxony and steamed to create a permanent cur - trackless (no foot prints)

Frieze

The yarn actually curls over, creating a very durable and elegant product that hides footprints and vacuum lines.

Cable

Constructed of thicker. longer yarns; beautiful, comfortable and very luxurious; high traffic home areas

CUT & LOOP

sculptured , cut and uncut


RESIDENTIAL

- ECO label GUT,

- Certificate UPEC.A

- U

- P

- E

- C

- A

Classification T

Scotchgard

Carpets could be in rolls (eg. 2 or 4 meters with or like tiles usually 50x50 cm.


OFFICES

- Carpet tiles 50x50 cm

- For commercial usage


HOSPITALITY

- For commercial usage, has to be durable, fire resistant


INSTITUTIONS

Melbourne Convention Centre

- corridor


ROOM

CARPET (in roll) INSTALLATION

small room - up to 20 m2)

- 1 piece carpet (in roll)

1. STICKING WITH 2 SIDES STICKY TAPE only for needles felt carpets and those with foam paddings


ROOM

CARPET (in roll) INSTALLATION

2. GLUING for 2-layered carpets and those with sponge foam paddings

- app. 300 g/m2 of glue

- app. 120 g/m2 of fixer

3. FIXATION WITH VELCRO TAPE carpets with textile backing and for needles felt carpets


ROOM

CARPET (tiles) INSTALLATION

ORGOGONAL AND DIAGONAL INSTALATION


SOLID HARDWOOD FLOORS

-made of planks milled from a single piece of timber with tongue and groove sides.

-unfinished or pre-finished 3/4 (19 mm or 21 mm)

-very sensitive to moisture - nailed down over a wood type sub-floor not recommended for use directly over a concrete slab or below ground level

-wood contractions caused by

temperature and moisture

ENGINEERED WOOD FLOORING

can be used in many areas where solid hardwood is not

recommended

-constructed of 3 or more thin sheets (plies) of wood, laminated together to form a single plank in a cross-ply construction - dimensionally stable, no influence of moisture and temperature variations

-versatility - can be installed anywhere; can be nailed down, stapled down, glued down even floated.

LONGSTRIP HARDWOOD FLOORING


PRE-FINISHED HARDWOOD FLOORS come ready to be installed (often means a harder and better-protected surface); more choices of wood and can save hours of labor and cleanup

-an extended factory finish warranty

-typically come with 6 to 10 coats of ultra-violet (UV) cured urethane applied to their surface

-finishes: UV-cured, Polyurethane, Acrylic-urethane

Hardwood, Aluminum Oxide, Acrylic Impregnated

UNFINISHED HARDWOOD FLOORS - gives ability to truly customize your floor and opportunity to level the surface of the entire floor after it has been installed

-finishes: Water Based Urethane, Solvent Based Urethane, Moisture Cured Urethane


- The numbers in parenthesis below the name represent the Janka hardness for each wood specie.


DRY RESIDENTAL AND COMMERCIAL SPACES,

FOR BASKETBALL PARQETE FLOOR


1. Nail Down: solid wood strips or planks are typically installed by using nailing cleats, a wood flooring nailer and a mallet to attach them to a subfloor. Solid strips and planks can only be nailed to wooden subfloors on or above grade.

2. Staple Down: staples are used to attach the wood

flooring to the subfloor. A pneumatic gun drives the staples into the hardwood and subfloor.

3. Glue Down: adhesive or a natural resin (called mastic) is spread with the proper trowel to adhere hardwood to the subfloor. This technique is typically used to install engineered and parquets since solid strip and plank floors can only be nailed or stapled down. 4. Floating: your hardwood floor is not mechanically fastened to any part of the subfloor - it floats. A thin pad is placed between the hardwood and the subfloor. Wood glue is applied in the tongue and groove of

each strip or plank to hold the pieces together.



MATERIALS:

Mosaic tile 30x30 mm

Ceramic tile 60x60 mm

flooring finishes_types and installation

Documents

floor covering

floor heating

textile floor

floating floor

sprung floor

earthen floor adobe

special floor structures

granolithic author