florida benchmark review unit 3 · 3. the diagram below shows a wave that moves through the ground...

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Florida Benchmark Review Unit 3 71 Physical • Assessment Guide • Florida © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Unit 3

Florida Benchmark Review Unit 3 Choose the letter of the best answer.

The visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum consists of the colors that we see in a rainbow. Different colors correspond to different wavelengths of light. Which color of visible light has the shortest wavelength?

A. red

B. green

C. violet

D. yellow

Heather puts a straw into a glass of water. She notices that the straw appears to be broken when she looks through the glass and the water from the side. Which term best explains why the straw looks like it is broken?

A. absorption

B. refraction

C. scattering

D. transmission

The diagram below shows a wave. The features of the wave are labeled A, B, C, and D.

Which label identifies the wavelength?

A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

Florida Benchmark Review Unit 3

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Unit 3

The energy generated by the sun travels to Earth as electromagnetic waves of varying lengths. Which statement describes an electromagnetic wave with a long wavelength?

A. It has a high frequency and low energy.

B. It has a high frequency and high energy.

C. It has a low frequency and can travel through a vacuum.

D. It has a low frequency and needs a medium to travel through.

Calvin shines a thin beam of light onto a material, and the light refracts. Which diagram best shows what happens to the light?

A.

B.

C.

D.

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Unit 3

Kana shines a light onto paper. The light contains both blue and red wavelengths of light, as shown in the figure below.

If the paper were blue, what color (or colors) of light would bounce off the paper?

A. only red

B. only blue

C. both red and blue

D. neither red nor blue

Habib looks around his classroom at different objects. Which object reflects almost all of the light that strikes it?

A. white poster board

B. clear window glass

C. a red book cover

D. black construction paper

Electromagnetic energy travels through space in waves. The electromagnetic spectrum includes all electromagnetic waves, arranged according to frequency and wavelength. Which of these is an example of an electromagnetic wave?

A. radio wave

B. sound wave

C. ocean wave

D. gravitational pull

Brianna reported a measurement in units of hertz. What property of a wave was she measuring?

A. period

B. frequency

C. amplitude

D. wavelength

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Unit 3

During a thunderstorm, Sanjay saw lightning and then heard thunder 5 s later. What would be different if the air had been warmer?

A. He would have seen the lightning and heard the thunder at the same time.

B. He would have heard the thunder before seeing the lightning.

C. He would have heard the thunder sooner.

D. He would have heard the thunder later.

Ava places the blue lens of one pair of 3D glasses over the red lens of another pair. She then looks through both lenses at the same time. What color will she see?

A. black

B. blue

C. red

D. white

Caleb counts the number of peaks that pass a given point in a certain amount of time on the beach. What property of waves does Caleb measure?

A. speed

B. frequency

C. amplitude

D. wavelength

Name ______________________________________ Date _________

Unit Test A 75 Physical • Assessment Guide • Florida © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Unit 3

Waves and Light Key Concepts Choose the letter of the best answer.

1. The visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum consists of the colors that we see in a rainbow. Different colors correspond to different wavelengths of light. Which color of visible light has the shortest wavelength?

A. red C. violet

B. green D. yellow

2. Which color will a red rose appear to be if only a blue light reached it?

A. black C. red

B. purple D. white

3. Tony is studying the types of waves that occur during earthquakes. He finds a diagram of an S wave that shows how the wave makes the Earth move.

What type of wave is an S wave?

A. sound C. longitudinal

B. transverse D. electromagnetic

4. Energy from the sun arrives as electromagnetic radiation with a wide range of wavelengths and frequencies. Which form of electromagnetic radiation has more energy than visible light waves have?

A. microwaves

B. radio waves

C. infrared waves

D. ultraviolet waves

Unit Test A

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Unit 3

5. Red light waves and yellow light waves travel through air and strike the surface of glass. Only the yellow light waves travel through the glass as shown in the figure below.

Which of these phrases best describes what the glass does?

A. reflects red light

B. absorbs yellow light

C. transmits red light

D. transmits yellow light

6. Which of these is a mechanical wave?

A. light C. sound

B. radio D. electromagnetic

7. What is the name given to the lowest point of a wave?

A. crest C. amplitude

B. trough D. rest position

8. Electromagnetic energy travels in waves. These waves can vary in their frequencies and wavelengths. Electromagnetic energy is classified by the length and frequency of its wave. Of the four wave types below, which has the highest frequency?

A. microwaves

B. radio waves

C. infrared waves

D. ultraviolet waves

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Unit 3

9. Radiant energy is the source of electromagnetic waves, which include X-ray, infrared, and ultraviolet waves among others. The diagram below shows the electromagnetic spectrum.

Which of these statements best describes the speed of these waves in a vacuum?

A. X-rays travel slower than infrared.

B. Infrared travels slower than X-rays.

C. Infrared travels faster than ultraviolet.

D. Infrared travels at the same speed as X-rays.

10. Kana shines a light onto paper. The light contains both blue and red wavelengths of light, as shown in the figure below.

If the paper is white, what color (or colors) of light bounces off the paper?

A. only red

B. only blue



Name ______________________________________ Date _________


Unit 3

11. Waves can be measured in many different ways. The diagram shows a snapshot of a wave’s shape.

What property of a wave is measured by F?

A. period

B. frequency

C. amplitude

D. wavelength

12. The diagram below shows a sound wave traveling.

What happens to the particles of the medium as a part of the wave moves from point N to point M?

A. The particles grow larger and then smaller.

B. The particles move from point N to point M.

C. The particles move from point M to point N.

D. The particles move together and then apart again.

Critical Thinking Answer the following questions on the lines provided.

13. How fast can electromagnetic waves travel?

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Name ______________________________________ Date _________


Unit 3

14. You see sunlight shining onto green grass. How do reflection, refraction, transmission, and absorption affect the color of the grass?

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15. Explain how a tuning fork makes a sound wave in air.

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16. Mara is a champion surfer. What property of an ocean wave might be more important for her? Explain your answer.

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17. Andrew and his partner are divers. They are working underwater, 10 m apart, on an oil platform. Josh and his partner are working, also 10 m apart, on the part of the platform that is above water. Andrew and Josh each make a loud noise of the same volume at the same time. Whose partner hears the noise first? Explain your answer.

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Extended Response Answer the following question on a separate piece of paper.

18. Why do we see colors? Why can’t we see all types of waves in the electromagnetic spectrum?

Name ______________________________________ Date _________

Unit Test B 80 Physical • Assessment Guide • Florida © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Unit 3

Waves and Light Key Concepts Choose the letter of the best answer.

1. The visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum consists of the colors we see in a rainbow. Which color of visible light has the longest wavelength?

A. blue C. red

B. green D. violet

2. Three students shine lights onto the same spot on a white table. One student shines a blue light. Another student shines a red light. The third student shines a green light. What color will the spot appear to be?

A. black

B. orange

C. yellow

D. white

3. The diagram below shows a wave that moves through the ground during an earthquake.

A wave like the one in the diagram and a longitudinal wave leave the center of an earthquake at the same time. Will the two waves travel the same distance in 10 seconds?

A. Yes, because both waves are longitudinal waves.

B. Yes, because all waves travel at the same speed in similar mediums.

C. No, because only one type of wave can travel through a medium at a time.

D. No, because transverse waves travel at different speeds than longitudinal waves.

4. Different types of electromagnetic radiation have different wavelengths. Of the four wave types listed below, which has the longest wavelength?

A. microwaves C. infrared waves

B. gamma rays D. ultraviolet waves

Unit Test B

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Unit 3

5. Red light waves and yellow light waves travel through air and strike the surface of glass. Only the yellow light waves travel through the glass as shown in the figure below.

What color must the glass be?

A. orange

B. purple

C. red

D. yellow

6. A dolphin makes a noise underwater that is too high-pitched for humans to hear. What type of wave is this?

A. water C. mechanical

B. visible light D. electromagnetic

7. What is the term for the distance from the highest part of one wave to the highest part of the next wave?

A. period

B. frequency

C. amplitude

D. wavelength

8. Electromagnetic energy travels in waves. These waves can vary in their frequencies and wavelengths. Electromagnetic energy is classified by the length and frequency of its wave. Of the four waves types below, which has the lowest frequency?

A. microwaves

B. gamma rays

C. ultraviolet waves

D. visible light waves

Name ______________________________________ Date _________


Unit 3

9. The diagram below represents the electromagnetic spectrum.

What is the relationship between frequency and wavelength for electromagnetic waves?

A. Frequency equals wavelength.

B. As frequency increases, wavelength increases.

C. As frequency increases, wavelength decreases.

D. The relationship depends on the speed of the wave.

10. Kana shines a light onto paper. The light contains both blue and red wavelengths of light, as shown in the figure.

If the paper were green, what color (or colors) of light would bounce off the paper?

A. only red

B. only blue



Name ______________________________________ Date _________


Unit 3

11. The diagram below shows a wave pattern. Another wave property that is shown is amplitude. Amplitude is the vertical distance from the rest position to either the crest or the trough of a wave.

What is the rest position of a wave in the diagram?

A. E

B. F

C. distance from G to H

D. point that is halfway between G and H

12. The diagram below shows a sound wave moving through air.

What about the diagram shows that the sound wave is a mechanical wave?

A. The sound wave causes vibration in air.

B. The sound wave was made by a machine.

C. The sound wave causes extra air particles to form.

D. The sound wave vibrates perpendicular to the direction of the wave motion.

Critical Thinking Answer the following questions on the lines provided.

13. How are the frequency, wavelength, and energy of electromagnetic waves related?

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Name ______________________________________ Date _________


Unit 3

14. You see sunlight shining onto green grass. How do reflection, refraction, transmission, and absorption affect the color of the grass?

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15. Explain how a tuning fork makes a sound wave in air.

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16. Jessica drops a rock from a footbridge in a pond. Describe what she will observe in the water.

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17. Unlike electromagnetic waves, sound waves require a medium (for example, air, water, solid) to travel through. How do electromagnetic waves and sound waves differ?

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Extended Response Answer the following question on a separate piece of paper.

18. Why do we see colors? Why can’t we see all types of waves in the electromagnetic spectrum?

florida benchmark review unit 3 · 3. the diagram below shows a wave that moves through the ground...

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