Flow charting symbols

Start

Process

Decision

End

Yes

No Wait

Process

CHECK SHEETSCheck sheets explore what and where

an event of interest is occurring.Attribute Check Sheet

Order Types 7am-9am 9am-11am 11am-1pm 1pm-3pm 3pm-5-pm

Emergency

Nonemergency

Rework

Safety Stock

Prototype Order

Other

27 15 19 20 28

PARETO ANALYSISA method for identifying and separating

the vital few from the trivial many.

%

Factor

AB

CD

E F G IH J

CAUSE & EFFECT DIAGRAMS

Pins notAssigned

DefectivePins

ReceivedDefective

Damagedin storage

Maintenance

Equipment Employees

Proceduresand Methods

TrainingSpeed

Condition

ClassificationError

Inspection CPU Chip

BADCPU

HISTOGRAMSA statistical tool used to show the extent and typeof variance within the system.

No. of Occurrences

Outcome

SCATTERPLOTS

Variable A

Variable B

x x x x x x xx x x x x xx x x x x x xx x xx x x x x xx x x x x x xx x x x xx xxx x x x x xx xx x x x x xx x x x xxx xx x x x x xxx x x xx x x xx xx x x x x x xx x x xxx xx xx xxx x x xx xxx x x x x x x xx x x x x x x xx x x xx x x xx x x x

Clearly largervalues of variable Aseemingly are associated with largervalues of variable B.

CONTROL

CHARTS• The purpose of control charts is to tell the operator when

the process is producing output in accordance with the assumed process variation.

• The null hypothesis is that a process is making parts with a given mean and standard deviation.

• If the null hypothesis is true, then a small sample of the expected value of the system’s output will have a sample mean equal to the process mean and a sample variance equal to the sums of the sample size time the process variance.

Control Chart

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

UCL

LCL

Sample number

Mean

Out ofcontrol

Normal variationdue to chance

Abnormal variationdue to assignable sources

Abnormal variationdue to assignable sources

Types of control charts