Fluid and Electrolyte Disturbances

Important Functions: Maintenance of Blood volume Cellular transport of substance

(glucose and O2) Provides transportation of nutrients

to cells Carries waste products from the

cells Lubrication and cushioning Hydrolysis of food in the digestive

system Maintenance of body temperature

FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE AMOUNT OF BODY FLUID

FLUID COMPARTMENTSINTRACELLULAR FLUID (within the cell)

primarily at the skeletal mass makes 2/3 of body fluids

EXTRACELLULAR FLUID (outside the cell)

Interstitial: fluid that surrounds the cell and totals about 11-12 L of the body

Intravascular : intra- within, vascular- blood vessels and totals about 6L of blood vol.

Transcellular : makes up approx. 1L of fluid and consists of CSF, digestive, pericardial, synovial, lymphatic and intraocular fluids

SODIUM (Na+) Normal Range (mEq/L):Intravascular: 142Interstitial: 146Intracellular: 15

• Functions: • - Exerts an extracellular osmolality to regulate

fluid movement• - Facilitates nerve impulses through active

transport and sodium pump

• POTASSIUM (K+) • Normal Range (mEq/L):• Intravascular: 5• Interstitial: 5• Intracellular: 150 • Functions:• - Maintains nervous impulse conduction

in the heart• - Promotes skeletal muscle functions• - Assists with acid-base regulation

• Chloride (Cl-) • Normal Range (mEq/L): • Intravascular: 102 Interstitial: 114

Intracellular: 1• Functions:• - Helps regulate osmotic pressure

differences bet. IC and EC fluid compartments

• - Regulates body water balance with Na+

• Magnesium (Mg2+) • Normal Range (mEq/L): • Intravascular: 2 • Interstitial: 1 • Intracellular: 27 • Functions:• - Promotes NEUROMUSCULAR

EXCITABILITY• - Plays role in heart contraction• - Ensures the cross membrane transport

of the sodium and potassium

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Fluid and Electrolyte Disturbances

• Calcium (Ca+) • Normal Value (mEq/L): • Intravascular: 5• Interstitial: 3• Intracellular: 2 • Functions:• Major component in bones and teeth• Blood coagulation• Decreases neuromuscular irritability

• Phosphorus (PO4+) • Normal Value (mEq/L): • Intravascular: 5• Interstitial: 3• Intracellular: 2 • Functions:• In bones and teeth• Acid-base balance• Energy production (ATP)

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