fluid, electrolyte & acid-base balancedamanhour.edu.eg/pdf/186/aicd base balance.pdf ·...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Fluid, Electrolyte & Acid-Base Balancedamanhour.edu.eg/pdf/186/aicd base balance.pdf · electrolytes in the body fluid compartments is normal and remains relatively constant. Electrolytes](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042514/5fa73ea38f8bb8446372500c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Fluid, Electrolyte & Acid-
Base Balance
![Page 2: Fluid, Electrolyte & Acid-Base Balancedamanhour.edu.eg/pdf/186/aicd base balance.pdf · electrolytes in the body fluid compartments is normal and remains relatively constant. Electrolytes](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042514/5fa73ea38f8bb8446372500c/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Body Fluids
Your body is 66% water
Not evenly distributed – separated into
compartments
Able to move back and forth thru the cell
membranes to maintain an equilibrium
![Page 3: Fluid, Electrolyte & Acid-Base Balancedamanhour.edu.eg/pdf/186/aicd base balance.pdf · electrolytes in the body fluid compartments is normal and remains relatively constant. Electrolytes](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042514/5fa73ea38f8bb8446372500c/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Fluid Compartments
Intracellular fluid – fluid inside cells [ICF]
Extracellular fluid – fluid outside cells
and all other body fluids --- ¼ is plasma
[intravascular fluid], remaining ¾ is
interstitial fluid. Small amount is
localized as CSF, serous fluid, synovial
fluid, humors of eye & endo/perilymph of
ears
![Page 4: Fluid, Electrolyte & Acid-Base Balancedamanhour.edu.eg/pdf/186/aicd base balance.pdf · electrolytes in the body fluid compartments is normal and remains relatively constant. Electrolytes](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042514/5fa73ea38f8bb8446372500c/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: Fluid, Electrolyte & Acid-Base Balancedamanhour.edu.eg/pdf/186/aicd base balance.pdf · electrolytes in the body fluid compartments is normal and remains relatively constant. Electrolytes](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042514/5fa73ea38f8bb8446372500c/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Edema
Condition in which fluid accumulates in
the interstitial compartment. Sometimes
due to blockage of lymphatic vessels or
by a lack of plasma proteins or sodium
retention
![Page 6: Fluid, Electrolyte & Acid-Base Balancedamanhour.edu.eg/pdf/186/aicd base balance.pdf · electrolytes in the body fluid compartments is normal and remains relatively constant. Electrolytes](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042514/5fa73ea38f8bb8446372500c/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Fluid Balance
Amount in = amount out
Average daily intake is 2500 ml [ fluids,
food and metabolic water]
Average daily output is 2500 ml [ urine,
feces, perspiration, insensible
perspiration]
What can throw off these numbers?
![Page 7: Fluid, Electrolyte & Acid-Base Balancedamanhour.edu.eg/pdf/186/aicd base balance.pdf · electrolytes in the body fluid compartments is normal and remains relatively constant. Electrolytes](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042514/5fa73ea38f8bb8446372500c/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Electrolyte Balance
Def: - concentration of individual electrolytes in the body fluid compartments is normal and remains relatively constant.
Electrolytes are dissolved in body fluids
Sodium predominant extracellular cation, and chloride is predominant extracellular anion. Bicarbonate also in extracellular spaces
![Page 8: Fluid, Electrolyte & Acid-Base Balancedamanhour.edu.eg/pdf/186/aicd base balance.pdf · electrolytes in the body fluid compartments is normal and remains relatively constant. Electrolytes](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042514/5fa73ea38f8bb8446372500c/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Electrolyte Balance
Potassium is the predominant intracellular cation and phosphates are the predominant intracellular anion
Cations are actively reabsorbed, anions passively follow by electrochemical attraction
Aldosterone works at kidney tubules to regulate sodium & potassium levels
![Page 9: Fluid, Electrolyte & Acid-Base Balancedamanhour.edu.eg/pdf/186/aicd base balance.pdf · electrolytes in the body fluid compartments is normal and remains relatively constant. Electrolytes](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042514/5fa73ea38f8bb8446372500c/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: Fluid, Electrolyte & Acid-Base Balancedamanhour.edu.eg/pdf/186/aicd base balance.pdf · electrolytes in the body fluid compartments is normal and remains relatively constant. Electrolytes](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042514/5fa73ea38f8bb8446372500c/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Electrolyte Balance
Because of sodium and potassium
influence, water will move between
compartments
Example: if high [sodium], then water
will move from intracellular space to
extracellular space due to osmotic
pressure
![Page 11: Fluid, Electrolyte & Acid-Base Balancedamanhour.edu.eg/pdf/186/aicd base balance.pdf · electrolytes in the body fluid compartments is normal and remains relatively constant. Electrolytes](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042514/5fa73ea38f8bb8446372500c/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Balance of other Electrolytes
Calcium – hypercalcemia / hypocalcemia
Magnesium – hypermagnesemia/
hypomagnesemia
Phosphate – hyperphosphatemia/
hypophosphatemia
Chloride – hyperchloremia/
hypochloremia
![Page 12: Fluid, Electrolyte & Acid-Base Balancedamanhour.edu.eg/pdf/186/aicd base balance.pdf · electrolytes in the body fluid compartments is normal and remains relatively constant. Electrolytes](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042514/5fa73ea38f8bb8446372500c/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Acid - Base Balance
Blood - normal pH of 7.2 – 7.45
< 7.2 = acidosis > 7.45 = alkalosis
3 buffer systems to maintain normal
blood pH
1. Buffers
2. Removal of CO2 by lungs
3. Removal of H+ ions by kidneys
![Page 13: Fluid, Electrolyte & Acid-Base Balancedamanhour.edu.eg/pdf/186/aicd base balance.pdf · electrolytes in the body fluid compartments is normal and remains relatively constant. Electrolytes](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042514/5fa73ea38f8bb8446372500c/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Buffers
Protein Buffer Systems
Amino Acid buffers
Hemoglobin buffers
Plasma Protein buffers
Phosphate Buffer Systems
Carbonic Acid – Bicarbonate Buffer
System
![Page 14: Fluid, Electrolyte & Acid-Base Balancedamanhour.edu.eg/pdf/186/aicd base balance.pdf · electrolytes in the body fluid compartments is normal and remains relatively constant. Electrolytes](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042514/5fa73ea38f8bb8446372500c/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Maintenance of Acid-Base
Balance
Respiratory System: removal of CO2 by
lungs – stabilizes the ECF, has direct
effect on Carbonic Acid – Bicarbonate
Buffer System
Urinary System: removal of H+ ions by
kidneys
![Page 15: Fluid, Electrolyte & Acid-Base Balancedamanhour.edu.eg/pdf/186/aicd base balance.pdf · electrolytes in the body fluid compartments is normal and remains relatively constant. Electrolytes](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042514/5fa73ea38f8bb8446372500c/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Disturbances to Acid-Base
Balance
Respiratory Acidosis
Respiratory Alkalosis
Metabolic Acidosis [ lactic acidosis,
ketoacidosis]
Metabolic Alkalosis
![Page 16: Fluid, Electrolyte & Acid-Base Balancedamanhour.edu.eg/pdf/186/aicd base balance.pdf · electrolytes in the body fluid compartments is normal and remains relatively constant. Electrolytes](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042514/5fa73ea38f8bb8446372500c/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
www.nda.ox.ac.uk/ wfsa/html/u13/u1312_02.htm
![Page 17: Fluid, Electrolyte & Acid-Base Balancedamanhour.edu.eg/pdf/186/aicd base balance.pdf · electrolytes in the body fluid compartments is normal and remains relatively constant. Electrolytes](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042514/5fa73ea38f8bb8446372500c/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)