fluids and structures review. what is a fluid? a fluid is something that flows and can be a liquid...
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Fluids and Structures
Review
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What is a fluid?
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• A fluid is something that flows and can be a liquid or gas. The two most common fluids are water and air.
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Name the three key points to the Particle
Theory.
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1. All matter is made up of particles.2. Particles are in constant motion.3. There are forces of attraction between
particles.
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What is the difference between
laminar and turbulent flow?
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• Laminar flow is the movement of a fluid in a straight or almost straight line.
• Turbulent flow is the movement of a fluid in a broken or choppy pattern.
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What is viscosity?
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• Viscosity is the resistance a fluid has to flowing and movement.
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Describe the difference between a thick and thin fluid.
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• A thick fluid has a high viscosity and a slow flow rate. A thin fluid has a low viscosity and a high flow rate.
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What is the formula to calculate flow
rate?
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• Flow rate = volume ÷ time
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Order these substances from greatest to least flow rate:
ketchup 1.5 mL/swater 6.5 mL/scorn syrup 0.3 mL/s
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• The order for greatest to least flow rate is:Water, ketchup and corn syrup
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Describe the difference between weight and mass.
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• Mass is the amount of matter in an object and remains constant. Weight is a measurement of the force of gravity pulling on the object. It varies because gravity is different depending on where you are in the universe.
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What is the formula to calculate density?
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• Density = Mass ÷ Volume
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What is the difference between buoyancy and gravity?
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• Buoyancy is the upward force that acts on an object. Gravity is the downward force that acts on an object.
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Order these substances from least to most dense:
Salt 2.16 g/mLSilver 10.5 g/mLSalt water 1.03 g/mLIce 0.92 g/mL
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• The order from least to most dense is:Ice, salt water, salt and silver
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Name the three types of buoyancy.
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• The three types of buoyancy are positive buoyancy, neutral buoyancy and negative buoyancy.
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What is the difference between a
hydraulic and pneumatic system?
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• A hydraulic system is a confined system that uses a liquid under a high pressure. A pneumatic system is a confined system that uses air under a high pressure.
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List the six types of simple machines.
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1. Lever2. Wheel and axel3. Pulley4. Screw5. Inclined plane6. Wedge
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What is the purpose of a machine?
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• To make the work that we do more efficent.
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Name the three classes of levers.
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• The three classes of levers are class 1, class 2 class 3.
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What is the formula to calculate mechanical advantage?
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• Mechanical Advantage= load force ÷ effort force
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• What is the difference between a fixed and moveable pulley?
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• A fixed pulley changes the direction of the force. A moveable pulley multiplies the force.
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How does friction relate to mechanical
advantage?
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• Friction is a force that opposes movement. So friction makes things less efficient reducing a machine’s mechanical advantage.
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Name the three types of friction.
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• The three types of friction are rolling, sliding and fluid friction.
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What is the formula for calculating
pressure?
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• Pressure = force ÷ area
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What would be the mechanical advantage of a lever that can lift 80N with an effort of
only 20N?
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• Mechanical Advantage = load force ÷ effort force
• MA = 80N ÷ 20N = 4
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How much pressure would be placed on a surface with an area of 2m2 if an object weighing 500N were sitting on it?
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• Pressure = Force ÷ Area = 500N ÷ 2 m2
= 250 N/m2