focused remedial investigation work plan former hall ... focused remedial investigation work ......

Focused Remedial Investigation Work Plan Former Hall Boulevard Texaco

Beaverton, Oregon

Prepared for: Oregon Department of Environmental Quality

Task Order No. 57-08-12

September 9, 2008 1527-00/Task 3

Focused Remedial Investigation Work Plan Page i Former Hall Boulevard Texaco September 9, 2008 1527-00/Task 3

Table of Contents

1.0 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Purpose ............................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Scope of Work ..................................................................................................................................... 2

2.0 BACKGROUND ....................................................................................................................................... 2 2.1 Site and Investigation History .............................................................................................................. 3 2.2 Site Redevelopment ............................................................................................................................ 5 2.3 Current Conditions............................................................................................................................... 5 2.4 Geology and Hydrogeology ................................................................................................................. 6 2.5 Data Gaps ........................................................................................................................................... 6

3.0 FOCUSED REMEDIAL INVESTIGATION ACTIVITIES........................................................................... 7 3.1 Preparatory Activities........................................................................................................................... 7 3.2 Soil and Groundwater Explorations ..................................................................................................... 8 3.3 Groundwater Monitoring Well Installation ...........................................................................................10 3.4 Groundwater Sampling.......................................................................................................................11 3.5 Sub-Slab Vapor Sampling ..................................................................................................................11 3.6 Indoor Air Sampling ............................................................................................................................11 3.7 Handling of Investigation-Derived Waste............................................................................................12

4.0 ANALYTICAL PROGRAM ......................................................................................................................12 4.1 Analyses for Chemicals of Potential Concern.....................................................................................12 4.2 Quality Assurance and Quality Control...............................................................................................12

5.0 REPORTING...........................................................................................................................................13 6.0 PROJECT SCHEDULE...........................................................................................................................14 7.0 REFERENCES .......................................................................................................................................15

Figures

1 Site Location Map 2 Site Plan 3 Extent of Contaminated Soil in Utility Trench 4 Groundwater Analytical Results - July 2007 5 Extent of Source Area Removal and ORC® Cell Locations 6 Groundwater Elevation Map - July 2007 7 Proposed Boring Locations 8 Proposed Sub-Slab Vapor Sampling Locations

Focused Remedial Investigation Work Plan Page ii Former Hall Boulevard Texaco September 9, 2008 1527-00/Task 3

Appendices

A Health and Safety Plan B Sampling and Analysis Plan

Focused Remedial Investigation Work Plan Page 1 Former Hall Boulevard Texaco September 9, 2008 1527-00/Task 3

1.0 Introduction

This Work Plan presents the scope of work (SOW) for completing a focused remedial investigation (RI) for the off-site portion of the former Hall Boulevard Texaco Site (the Site) located at SW Hall Boulevard and SW 2nd Street in Beaverton, Oregon (Figure 1). Investigation and remediation were completed under prior work within the Orphan Program and a subsequent Prospective Purchaser Agreement (PPA). The Oregon Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) is assessing the off-site portion of the project under the Orphan Program to assess risks to human health and the environment downgradient of the Site. This Work Plan was prepared for the DEQ under Task 3 of Task Order No. 57-08-12 and will be implemented under Task 4. 1.1 Purpose

Historical activities at the Site included the operation of an automotive service station from 1957 to 2000. During the tenure of the service station, several underground storage tanks (USTs) were found to have leaked during the course of operation. Following a series of remedial actions and monitoring, the Site was redeveloped. Dissolved-phase petroleum hydrocarbons and, potentially, separate-phase petroleum hydrocarbons (SPH) are still present downgradient of the Site in a northeasterly direction beneath several neighboring buildings. Each of the buildings houses one or more businesses and the presence of petroleum hydrocarbons beneath buildings represents a potential risk to human health. The purpose of this focused RI is to define the downgradient extent of impacts due to former operations at the Site, and to assess the risk to human health in the areas of impact. All of the businesses and land use in the surrounding area are commercial. As a result, the only potential risks to human health that will be evaluated during this investigation are vapor intrusion to buildings and the exposure of excavation workers to contaminated soil and/or groundwater. Thus, specific objectives of this project are to:

1) Assess soil and groundwater conditions to more adequately define the extent of the dissolved-phase groundwater plume;

2) Assess soil vapor or sub-slab vapor conditions below buildings situated above the dissolved-phase groundwater plume;

3) Assess ambient air conditions in buildings situated above the dissolved-phase groundwater plume;

4) Assess soil-vapor pathways to ensure that human health and the environment are adequately protected;

5) Establish remedial action objectives (RAOs) for excavation workers; and

6) Prepare a summary report documenting the investigation activities and results.


1.2 Scope of Work

To accomplish the above objectives, the SOW that is described in this Work Plan will consist of the following general tasks:

• Conducting a utility locating process (including possible interviews with City of Beaverton [City] workers involved in recent utility installation/maintenance) to determine the potential for the preferential migration of petroleum hydrocarbons in vapor, soil, and/or groundwater;

• Completing subsurface explorations (using direct-push equipment) to depths sufficient to collect groundwater samples (the depth to groundwater is expected to be about 3 to 9 feet below the ground surface [bgs]) with concurrent subsurface soil sampling and groundwater sampling to provide adequate definition of the dissolved-phase groundwater plume;

• Installing and developing three (3) or more monitoring wells during the subsurface explorations to provide permanent lateral and downgradient bounding data collection points for the dissolved-phase petroleum hydrocarbon plume;

• If soil and groundwater data suggest that a potential vapor pathway exists, collecting up to seven (7) sub-slab vapor samples (one in each place of business) to further characterize the risk from soil vapor intrusion in the McBride Building, the Christian Science Reading Room (CSRR) Building, and/or the Blodgett Dental Care Building; and

• Collecting indoor air samples in those locations where sub-slab samples are collected at up to seven (7) locations.

These activities are discussed in further detail in this Work Plan.

2.0 Background

This section presents a description of the Site, including the Site and investigation history, Site redevelopment, and current conditions. The Site, currently an Ava Roasteria, is located at the northwest corner of the intersection between SW Hall Boulevard and SW 2nd Street in Beaverton, Oregon (Figure 1). The property occupies approximately 0.25 acre on lots 7 and 8 of Block 20 in the SW 1/4 of the NW 1/4 of Section 15, Township1 South, Range 1 West, of the Willamette Meridian. The Site and surrounding properties are commercial. Figure 2 shows the Site layout and surrounding properties.


2.1 Site and Investigation History

A gasoline service station operated on the Site from the mid-1950s until the summer of 2000. The service station was owned by Exxon Corporation or its predecessors, and several independent operators. The surrounding properties have been primarily commercial since 1959, with the exception of some residences to the south and east. Residential property use in the vicinity decreased after 1970. On May 29, 1997, gasoline odors were reported in the McBride Building, located on the southeast corner of 1st Street and Hall Boulevard (Figure 2). The McBride Building is located immediately to the northeast of the Site, across Hall Boulevard. The City responded to the complaint by flushing the sewer line and collecting a sample of the water in that line. The odors subsided but no source was identified at the time. On June 16, 1997, gasoline odors returned to the McBride Building. Potentially explosive levels of gasoline vapors were discovered in two manholes along 1st Street and in the plumbing stack vent for the McBride Building. The City, the Tualatin Valley Fire and Rescue (TVFR), and DEQ worked to vent the sewer line and protect both the sewer line and the McBride Building. The City began regular venting and monitoring of the vapor levels in the sewer line and the McBride Building. DEQ subsequently learned that, in the spring of 1996, gasoline odors had been noted in the same bathroom in the McBride Building affected by this incident. Observations in the sewer system indicated that gasoline was entering the sewer line along Hall Boulevard between 1st and 2nd Streets. Of the four buildings with sewer connections along that section of the sewer line, only Nick’s Family Auto Service—the tenant of the Site at the time—had a known potential source of gasoline. Site records did not reveal evidence of a recent release, although contamination had been discovered in the soils around the USTs during tank lining a few months prior to this incident. The release was reported to the DEQ Tank Program upon discovery. DEQ began excavating test pits in Hall Boulevard on June 17, 1997. In two of the test pits, SPH could be seen on groundwater adjacent to the sewer line. Analysis of the SPH indicated that it was fresh gasoline with little weathering. Based on these findings, DEQ determined that the Site was the source of the contamination. DEQ’s contractor installed a recovery sump in each of the three test pits to remove water and gasoline from next to the sewer line. The objective of the sumps was to protect the sewer line from further SPH contamination and to eliminate the vapor threat to the sewer line and the McBride Building. Extraction of product and groundwater from the sumps was successful in preventing SPH from coming into contact with the sewer line. The locations of the sumps are shown on Figure 2. Subsequent investigations in January and March 1998 involved the installation of nine (9) push-probe borings and the installation of five (5) wells across the Site (MW-1 through MW-5). Data from the push-probe investigation and the well installations indicated that there was significant soil contamination and that concentrations were high enough to suggest the presence of SPH. However, no SPH was observed in the


monitoring wells or on the water table in any of the borings. The locations of the monitoring wells are shown on Figure 2. In June 1998, an SPH recovery and groundwater treatment system (GTS) was installed at the Site. The GTS extracted SPH and groundwater from the sumps in Hall Boulevard and ran the extracted groundwater through an oil/water separator (OWS). Effluent from the OWS was then pumped to a batch tank and held until a sufficient volume of water accumulated for treatment. The water was then treated in a tray aeration unit and discharged to the storm sewer. In April and May of 2000, the City replaced the main sewer line beneath Hall Boulevard and an arterial line beneath 2nd Street adjacent to the Site as part of a utility upgrade project. During the replacement of the sewer line between 1st and 2nd Streets, DEQ’s contractor provided field oversight due to concern over potential contamination. During the excavation, contaminated soils were observed in approximately 165 feet of the sewer replacement trench, with the northerly extent of the contamination approximately 10 feet south of 1st Street. Contaminated soils were observed from depths of 1.5 feet bgs to the full depth of the trench (approximately 7 feet bgs). Contaminated soil was removed from the Site for disposal. Groundwater was not removed from the trench during excavation and a sheen was occasionally noted on the surface of the water in the trench. During the excavation, 188 tons of contaminated soil were removed. Figure 3 presents the extent of contamination observed and removed during the sewer replacement. In August 2000, four (4) additional monitoring wells (MW-6 through MW-9) were installed off-site in an attempt to delineate the extent of groundwater contamination (Figure 2). Groundwater sampling was performed in the new monitoring wells and results indicated that dissolved-phase petroleum hydrocarbons extended off-site approximately 100 feet in a northeasterly direction. Indoor air samples were also collected in August 2000 in the CSRR and McBride Buildings to assess ambient air conditions. Several compounds were detected above preliminary remediation goals (PRGs) in both samples. However, only benzene was attributable to petroleum hydrocarbons. Service station operations at the Site were discontinued in September 2000. Groundwater monitoring and ambient air monitoring in the CSRR and McBride Buildings occurred periodically between September 2000 and September 2001, when an additional downgradient groundwater monitoring well was installed (MW-10) to provide additional plume delineation. The installation of MW-10 appears to have delineated the northeasterly extent of the dissolved-phase plume (Figure 4). After September 2001, ambient air monitoring was discontinued. Ambient air monitoring had been performed a total of four times in the CSRR and McBride Buildings. In addition, outside air samples had been collected during two of the four air monitoring events. Although several volatile organic compounds (VOCs) exceeded risk-based levels, benzene was the only constituent associated with the Site


and outside air concentrations were greater than indoor air concentrations, indicating that the concentration of benzene in indoor air could not be attributed to vapor intrusion. In the fall of 2002, the GTS was discontinued due to decreasing groundwater levels, poor operational efficiency, and the lack of apparent risks to human health based on land and water uses and air monitoring data. Routine groundwater monitoring at the Site was also discontinued in September 2002 due to the lack of apparent risks to human health. 2.2 Site Redevelopment

The Site remained vacant from September 2000 until June 2005, when it was purchased by NEEK Engineering, Inc. (NEEK) under a PPA between NEEK and DEQ. Consistent with the PPA, NEEK decommissioned four gasoline USTs (one 10,000-gallon, one 6,000-gallon, and two 4,000-gallon USTs), and one 110-gallon waste oil UST. During the removal of the USTs, and consistent with the PPA, soils with concentrations over 1,000 parts per million (ppm) of gasoline-range total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHg) were removed. However, in several small areas where excavation was not practical, soils with TPHg concentrations greater than 1,000 ppm were left in place (these locations include the northeastern corner of the property and on-site along the southern edge of the CSRR Building). During the course of the excavation, 1,500 tons of contaminated soils were removed and 27,500 gallons of groundwater were extracted and treated using the existing GTS. Due to the extent of the soil excavation, monitoring wells MW-1, MW-2, and MW-3 were removed and/or abandoned. Prior to filling the excavation, Oxygen Release Compound® (ORC®) was mixed in several cells below the water table along the margin of the excavation. The purpose of the ORC® was to provide more oxygen to the subsurface, and in doing so, increase the natural rate of aerobic degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons. After completion of the ORC® cells, the excavation was backfilled to grade for redevelopment and well MW-3A was installed to replace wells removed during the excavation. During the redevelopment, a soil vapor extraction (SVE) conduit was installed on the east and south sides of the existing building in the event that engineering controls might be deemed necessary in the future. The extent of the excavation and the ORC® cells are shown on Figure 5. Before redeveloping the on-site building, sub-slab vapor samples were collected to assess the risk of vapor intrusion into the building. Analysis of sub-slab soil vapor samples did not detect petroleum hydrocarbon-related chemicals above concentrations that would present a risk to those working in, or visiting, the building. As a result of the sub-slab vapor results, Ava Roasteria was opened for business in July 2006. 2.3 Current Conditions

Groundwater monitoring has been conducted several times following Site redevelopment. Recent groundwater monitoring has focused on benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and total xylenes (BTEX). BTEX


concentrations have not changed markedly since the GTS was shut down in 2002. Replacement monitoring well MW-3A shows the highest concentrations of BTEX constituents, and MW-3A and MW-6 both have concentrations of benzene greater than the occupational Risk-Based Concentration (RBC) for vapor intrusion into buildings (RBCwi: 2,700 micrograms per liter [μg/L]). Upgradient monitoring well MW-5 has shown low detections of BTEX constituents, and downgradient monitoring well MW-7 continues to have detectable BTEX concentrations (Figure 4), which are below the occupational vapor intrusion RBC. 2.4 Geology and Hydrogeology

The following discussion of the geology and hydrogeology of the Site and vicinity are based on off-site and on-site boring logs and previous Site investigation reports. Topography. The Site is situated at an elevation (El.) of approximately 195 feet above mean sea level (MSL). The ground surface of the Site is essentially flat, but slopes gently to the northeast. Surface Water. The closest water body is Beaverton Creek, which is approximately 0.3 mile to the northeast. Beaverton Creek generally flows to the west and then south to the Tualatin River. Geology. A review of lithologic logs from the monitoring wells indicates that the top 3 to 6 feet bgs are clayey silts. Below 3 to 6 feet bgs, the lithology becomes silts or sandy silts. Borings at the Site generally did not extend deeper than 15 feet bgs. The regional geology is described as Upper Pleistocene sands, silts, and clays, which are present in the vicinity of the Site to depths of up to 100 feet bgs. Below the Pleistocene deposits are Pliocene sands and gravels of the Troutdale Formation. Hydrogeology. Shallow groundwater is encountered at depths between 3 and 9 feet bgs. Historic groundwater levels suggest that seasonal fluctuations in groundwater elevation are less than 5 feet. Previous contour mapping suggests that the groundwater gradient is to the northeast at 0.005 to 0.009 foot per foot (ft/ft). A recent groundwater elevation contour map is presented on Figure 6. 2.5 Data Gaps

Based on the historical data, the following data gaps were identified:

1) Utilities beneath Hall Boulevard have historically acted as preferential pathways for migration of liquid-, dissolved-, and vapor-phase gasoline. These utilities should be assessed to confirm they are no longer acting as preferential pathways for groundwater or vapors, and that they do not present a risk to excavation workers.

2) The McBride Building has historically been impacted by vapors entering through utilities. The groundwater beneath the west end of the building may contain benzene above the occupational


vapor intrusion RBC. Groundwater data should be collected from the west end of the McBride Building to assess this potential risk.

3) The properties west of the Site and the Blodgett Dental Building are suspected to not be impacted. Groundwater data should be collected to confirm no impact to the properties.

4) The groundwater plume is not defined northwest or southeast of MW-6.

5) The CSRR Building (and potentially the McBride Building) is above the portion of the dissolved-phase plume of petroleum hydrocarbons that exceeds the occupational vapor intrusion RBC for benzene. Historical vapor monitoring has suggested that risk levels are acceptable. Additional vapor data are needed to confirm risk levels in the CSRR Building and possibly the McBride Building.

3.0 Focused Remedial Investigation Activities

Focused RI activities will be performed to address the data gaps identified in Section 2.5. Activities will include some, or all, of: interviews with personnel involved in the installation of nearby utilities; collection and analysis of soil and groundwater samples down- and cross-gradient of the Site; installation of additional monitoring wells; collection of soil vapor or sub-slab vapor samples in the buildings downgradient of the Site; and collection of ambient and indoor air samples. 3.1 Preparatory Activities

Site Health and Safety Plan. A Site-specific health and safety plan (HASP) has been prepared for the proposed activities. Appendix A includes a copy of the HASP. The HASP was prepared in general accordance with the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) and the Oregon Administrative Rules (OAR). A copy of the HASP will be maintained on-site during the field activities. Property Access. It is our understanding that DEQ will obtain access onto privately owned property in order to conduct subsurface investigations, well installations, soil vapor and/or sub-slab vapor sampling, and indoor air sampling. It is assumed that Ash Creek Associates, Inc. (Ash Creek) will be responsible for all access agreements and permits required by government entities. Subcontractor Solicitation. Ash Creek will solicit subcontractors to complete portions of this work, including private utility locating, subsurface sampling, chemical analyses, and disposal of investigation-derived waste (IDW). Soil and groundwater samples will be analyzed by TestAmerica Laboratories, Inc. (TestAmerica) under their contract with DEQ. Underground Utility Location. Ash Creek will arrange to have underground utilities located and marked prior to beginning the field investigation work. This will include contacting the Oregon Utility Notification


Center, who will in turn notify the various utilities in the area to mark any underground installations. A private utility locator will also be contracted to assess for underground utilities at each proposed exploration location. Underground Utility Worker Interviews. Ash Creek will attempt to interview City workers who may have been involved in recent installation or maintenance of utilities in the Hall Boulevard right-of-way (ROW), or utilities along 1st or 2nd Streets in Beaverton. 3.2 Soil and Groundwater Explorations

Subsurface explorations will be advanced in 10 locations, with up to seven (7) additional explorations, to assess soil and groundwater conditions in the immediate vicinity of the Site. Given the shallow depth to water and the clays and silts previously encountered during the installations of the monitoring wells, push-probe equipment is expected to be suitable for the collection of soil and groundwater samples. The field explorations are expected to take four to five days. The selected drilling subcontractor will perform the explorations. An Ash Creek representative will observe and document the drilling activities and subsurface conditions encountered. Detailed discussions of these activities and methodologies are discussed in the Sampling and Analysis Plan (SAP) in Appendix B. Locations. Figure 7 shows the proposed locations of the 10 subsurface explorations and seven (7) auxiliary locations. The exploration designations shown on the figure are for discussion in this Work Plan and do not indicate the order of completion. All locations are approximate and may be moved based on conditions in the field, or to avoid aboveground or underground utilities or obstacles. The purpose of the explorations is to address data gaps 1) through 5) listed in Section 2.5 as follows:

• B-1 and B-5 are located at the southern and northern ends of the utilities beneath Hall Boulevard. Actual locations will be based on utility locates and interviews with the City. B-5 will be placed to assess conditions prior to the intersection with the crossing utilities beneath 1st Street. Alternate borings A-3 through A-5, and A-7 will be completed if analytical results or field screening from B-5 identify impacts at the intersection of the utilities at 1st Street and Hall Boulevard.

• B-2 and B-3 are located on the western end of the McBride Building. B-2 and B-3 will be placed to assess dissolved-phase concentrations of benzene beneath the western portion of the McBride Building, and specifically, whether concentrations of benzene in groundwater exceed the occupational vapor intrusion RBC.

• B-2, B-7, and B-8 are located in front of properties to the west of the Site and in front of the Blodgett Dental Care Building. B-2 will be placed close to the property boundary between the Blodgett Dental Care Building and the McBride Building to assess whether the dissolved-phase plume extends beneath the western portion of both buildings. B-7 will be placed on the western side of the CSRR Building to assess whether the dissolved-phase plume extends beneath the


buildings to the west and northwest of the CSRR Building. B-8 will be placed partway between MW-5 and the northern boundary of the Site to assess the extent of the dissolved-phase plume beneath the parking lot and the building to the west of the Ava Roasteria Building.

• B-2, B-4, and B-6 are placed to assess the southeastern and northwestern perimeter of the plume. B-2 is placed in front of the Blodgett Dental Care Building to assess the southeastern extent of the plume; B-4 is placed on the northern side of the McBride Building to assess the eastern extent of the plume; and B-6 is placed on the north side of the CSRR Building to assess the northwestern portion of the plume. Alternate boring A-1 will be completed if analytical results or field screening from B-2 identify impacts extend further to the southeast; alternate boring A-2 will be completed if analytical results or field screening from B-4 identify impacts extend further to the east; and alternate borings A-6 and/or A-7 will be completed if analytical results or field screening from B-6 suggest that impacts extend further to the north or northwest.

• B-9 and B-10 will be placed to more accurately characterize the extent of soil and groundwater contamination above soil vapor RBCs beneath the CSRR Building and to assess the risk of soil to excavation workers.

• B-2, B-5, and B-6 will be converted into monitoring wells. However, if analytical results or field screening from B-2, B-5, or B-6 suggest that impacts extend further to the southeast, north, or northwest, alternate borings A-1, A-2, A-6 and/or A-7 instead will be converted to monitoring well locations.

Exploration Depth. All explorations will be completed using a push-probe rig to a depth of approximately 13 feet bgs, or 4 feet below the shallow groundwater table. Lithologic Logging. Continuous soil samples will be collected during the advancement of the borings. The field geologist or engineer will describe each soil core, noting any indications of volatile constituents based on visual inspection, and will describe the lithologic characteristics using the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) in general accordance with ASTM 2487/2488. Other features such as sorting, sedimentary features, mineralogy, degree of weathering, and contacts with other soil types will be noted, if relevant. Field Screening. Discrete soil samples will be collected at approximately 2- to 3-foot intervals from the drilling cores for field screening (with additional samples collected if field evidence of contamination exists outside of the 2- to 3-foot interval). All soil samples will be field-screened for the presence of VOCs using a photoionization detector (PID) and by performing sheen tests (a visual inspection for assessing if an oily sheen is present). Detailed field screening procedures are described in the SAP (Appendix B). Soil Sampling. Soil cores will be obtained continuously using a 4- or 5-foot-long soil sampler for lithologic description and field screening using the methods described below. For risk assessment purposes, soil samples for TPHg and VOCs analyses will be collected at depths of approximately 4 to 6 feet bgs (or 0 to


2 feet above the water table) from explorations B-2, B-3, B-6, B-9, and B-10. At other depths and in other explorations, soil samples will only be collected for TPHg or VOCs analyses if field screening suggests the potential presence of petroleum hydrocarbons. Detailed soil sampling procedures are discussed in the SAP (Appendix B). Groundwater Sampling. After soil sampling has been completed, a temporary screen will be placed in the exploration and a groundwater sample will be collected from each probe. The push-probe typically uses a groundwater sampling attachment with 4-foot-long screen. Groundwater samples will be collected at or just below the groundwater table as indicated by visual observation of soil moisture in the cores. Groundwater samples collected from borings B-2, B-3, B-4, B-5, and B-6 will be analyzed with a 24-hour turnaround to determine if additional step-out borings need to be completed. Groundwater samples collected from explorations B-1, B-4, B-7, B-8, B-9, and B-10 will be analyzed with a normal turnaround (i.e., 14 days). Detailed groundwater sampling procedures are discussed in the SAP (Appendix B). Locating and Abandonment. After sampling activities are completed, each exploration will be located using a hand-held Global Positioning System (GPS) unit. Three borings will be converted into monitoring wells, and the remaining explorations will be abandoned by filling each exploration with granular bentonite and hydrating the bentonite with water. The ground surface will be finished to match the surrounding area (i.e., asphalt or concrete). 3.3 Groundwater Monitoring Well Installation

Groundwater monitoring wells will be installed in three borings that have low to non-detect concentrations of VOCs and that provide lateral and longitudinal plume definition. It is anticipated that one well will be installed in the vicinity of B-2, A-1, or A-2; one well will be installed in the vicinity of B-6, A-6, or A-7; and one well will be installed in the vicinity of B-5 or A-7. In accordance with State of Oregon requirements, monitoring wells will be constructed from 2-inch-diameter polyvinyl chloride (PVC) with 10 feet of screen; the length and placement of the screen will be such that the water table intercepts the well screen. The wells will be finished at the ground surface with flush monuments. The wells will be allowed to set for at least 24 hours prior to initiating well development. The wells will be developed by bailing, surging, and/or over-pumping to remove excess turbidity and improve hydraulic communication with the adjacent water-bearing zone. Prior to sampling, the wells will be allowed to set for a least 24 hours following development. Surveying. Following installation of the two new monitoring wells, a licensed surveyor will be subcontracted to complete a survey of the newly constructed monitoring wells. In addition, the pre-existing wells will also be resurveyed to ensure the accuracy of the previous survey data and to ensure compatibility with the two new monitoring wells.


3.4 Groundwater Sampling

Following the installation and development of the new monitoring wells, groundwater samples will be collected from the new groundwater monitoring wells (expected to be MW-11, MW-12, and MW-13) and monitoring wells MW-3A, MW-5, MW-6, MW-7, MW-8, MW-9, and MW-10. Detailed groundwater sampling procedures are described in the SAP (Appendix B). 3.5 Sub-Slab Vapor Sampling

Data gap 5) will be addressed with sub-slab vapor sampling. The extent of SPH and dissolved-phase hydrocarbons will be assessed following completion of the soil and groundwater explorations, and following receipt of the monitoring well analytical data. The footprints of nearby buildings will be assessed in relation to the extent of the SPH and dissolved-phase hydrocarbon plumes to identify those structures which may be at risk to vapor intrusion. Buildings that are situated above soil that is thought to contain concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbons greater than RBCs for soil-vapor intrusion (RBCsi) or groundwater with dissolved-phase concentrations greater than occupational RBCs (RBCwi) will be selected for sub-slab vapor sampling. Sub-slab vapor sampling will be performed in a manner such that samples are collected in each place of business that is overlying areas of soil and/or groundwater exceeding RBCs. No more than one sample will be collected per place of business to avoid disturbing the business. Four independent businesses are located on the ground floor of the CSRR Building; two businesses are located in the McBride Building; and one business is located in the Blodgett Dental Care Building (Figure 8). Sub-slab vapor samples would be installed to a depth of approximately 12 to 18 inches below the building slab and would be screened immediately below the slab. Sub-slab borings would be abandoned immediately following collection of the soil vapor samples. The specific procedures for installing and collecting sub-slab samples are detailed in the SAP in Appendix B. These procedures include sealing the annulus to prevent short-circuiting and real-time checks for vapor leaks prior to sampling. Soil gas results will be compared to air screening levels assuming an attenuation factor of 10 between the shallow soil gas and the indoor air. 3.6 Indoor Air Sampling

Indoor air samples will be collected in places of business where sub-slab samples are collected, within five days of collection of the sub-slab sample. Indoor air samples will be complimented by the collection of ambient air samples to allow for the determination of the influence of outside air. The specific procedures for collecting indoor air samples are further detailed in the SAP in Appendix B.


3.7 Handling of Investigation-Derived Waste

IDW will consist of extra soil from the push-probe soil cores (i.e., soil not placed in a sample jar), decontamination water, purge water, and personal protective equipment (PPE). Soil IDW will be placed in properly labeled drums and stored at a pre-approved location at the Site. A composite soil sample will be collected from the IDW soil and, pending receipt of chemical data, the results will be used to profile the soil for disposal. Decontamination and purge water will also be drummed pending analytical results. Based on these results, water will be transported to a facility permitted to accept, treat, and dispose of the water. PPE will be disposed of as solid waste.

4.0 Analytical Program

Chemical analyses will be performed to assess the extent and magnitude of subsurface contamination and to provide data to assess Site risks. Samples will be analyzed on a standard turnaround time (usually 10 business days). The SAP in Appendix B discusses the analytical program in detail. 4.1 Analyses for Chemicals of Potential Concern

Petroleum products were historically handled at the Site. As such, chemicals of potential concern (COPC) include petroleum hydrocarbons gasoline-range and VOCs. The associated analyses will be performed to delineate the extent and magnitude of contamination and to assess the risk posed by the Site. Soil Samples. Soil samples collected for laboratory analysis will be analyzed for TPHg by Northwest Method NWTPH-Gx and VOCs by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Method 8260B. Groundwater Samples. Groundwater samples collected from the explorations will be analyzed for TPHg by Northwest Method NWTPH-Gx and VOCs by EPA Method 8260B. Soil Vapor/Sub-Slab/Indoor Air Samples. Soil vapor/sub-slab and indoor air samples will be analyzed for TPHg by Method TO-3 and VOCs by Method TO-15 SIM (all VOCs detected at the Site). 4.2 Quality Assurance and Quality Control

Quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) procedures will be used throughout this project. The SAP in Appendix B includes the QA plan for this project. This plan includes sampling and custody procedures, QA sampling analyses (such as analysis of duplicates), detection limit goals, laboratory QC, and QA reporting.


5.0 Reporting

After receipt of analytical results, Ash Creek will prepare a Focused RI Report that presents general information about the Site and nearby vicinity; the results of the focused RI activities; and an evaluation of chemical results. The data evaluation will include a preliminary risk screening of the chemical data to assess whether the Site poses an unacceptable risk to human health or the environment. The data will be screened against DEQ RBCs. The report will be prepared in general accordance with the following outline:

1. Introduction a. Purpose b. Scope of Work c. Limitations

2. Background a. Site Location and Description (including Site maps) b. Geology and Hydrogeology

3. Field Methods and Procedures a. Soil Boring Installations b. Lithologic Logging c. Field Screening d. Soil and Groundwater Sampling e. Monitoring Well Installations f. Monitoring Well Sampling g. Soil Vapor/Sub-Slab Vapor Sampling h. Indoor/Ambient Air Sampling

4. Results a. Soil Borings b. Lithology c. Field Screening d. Soil Analytical Results e. Groundwater Analytical Results f. Sub-Slab Vapor Sampling Results g. Indoor/Ambient Air Sampling Results

5. Discussion and Conclusions


6. Appendices a. References b. Backup Documentation (e.g., photographs and well logs) c. Field Methods, Sampling Procedures, and Exploration Logs d. Analytical Laboratory Testing Program and Documentation (including a QA review; to be

provided electronically in PDF format on a CD-ROM) The report will initially be prepared in draft form for review by the DEQ. Upon receipt of DEQ’s comments, Ash Creek will issue the report in final form.

6.0 Project Schedule

Assuming that a final Work Plan is approved by September 15, 2008, the following approximate schedule is proposed:

Date Progress

October 17, 2008 Completion of the soil and groundwater explorations, monitoring well installations, and well development.

October 31, 2008 Completion of the monitoring well groundwater sampling. November 7, 2008 Completion of soil vapor risk assessment. December 3, 2008 Completion of sub-slab soil vapor samples. December 26, 2008 Completion of indoor air samples (if necessary). February 28, 2009 Submission of Focused RI Report.

The actual schedule may differ from what is detailed above due to events that are out of our control (e.g., driller’s schedules). The approximate schedule above is predicated on the assumptions that laboratory analyses will be received 14 days following submission of the samples, that drilling subcontractors can be scheduled 30 days from the initial schedule inquiry, and that a draft Focused RI Report will be submitted 60 days following the receipt of the final analytical laboratory data.


7.0 References

Ash Creek Associates, 2008. Budget and Assumptions Proposal, Former Hall Blvd. Texaco, Beaverton, Oregon. July 29, 2008.

Hart Crowser, 1998. Technical Memorandum – Site Investigation Finding and Recommendations, Hall Blvd.

Texaco, Beaverton, Oregon. January 14, 1998. Hart Crowser, 1998. Additional Groundwater Investigation Findings and Recommendations, Hall Blvd.

Texaco, Beaverton, Oregon. April 16, 1998. Hart Crowser, 2000. Environmental Activities During Main Sewer Replacement, Hall Blvd. Texaco,

Beaverton, Oregon. November 8, 2000. Hart Crowser, 2001. Expanded Site Investigation Report, Hall Blvd. Texaco, Beaverton, Oregon.

January 10, 2001. Hart Crowser, 2001. Quarterly Monitoring Report – June 2001, Hall Blvd Texaco, Beaverton, Oregon.

September 13, 2001. Hart Crowser, 2001. Quarterly Monitoring Report – September 2001. Hall Blvd Texaco, Beaverton,

Oregon. November 27, 2001. Hart Crowser, 2002. Quarterly Monitoring Report – September 2002, Hall Blvd. Texaco, Beaverton,

Oregon. December 9, 2002. NEEK Engineering, Inc., 2005. Source Removal and Soil Cleanup Summary Report, Hall Blvd.

Development, Beaverton, Oregon. March 2005. DEQ, 2007. Hall Boulevard Texaco Sampling Memorandum, Former Hall Blvd. Texaco, Beaverton, Oregon.

July 24, 2007. DEQ, 2008. Task Order No. 58-08-12, Hall Blvd. Texaco Focused RI, Beaverton, Oregon. July 3, 2008.

Appendix A Health and Safety Plan

Appendix A – Site-Specific Health and Safety Plan

Focused Remedial Investigation Page A-1 Former Hall Boulevard Texaco September 9, 2008 1527-00/Task 3

1.0 Introduction

This Health and Safety Plan (HASP) includes both Site-specific information (including Site-specific activities, health hazards, route to hospital, and toxicity information) and the general Ash Creek Associates, Inc. (Ash Creek) Health and Safety Plan (General HASP). 1.1 Emergency Contact Summary

SITE LOCATION 4655 SW Hall Boulevard, Beaverton, Oregon

NEAREST HOSPITAL

Providence St. Vincent Medical Center 9205 SW Barnes Road Portland, Oregon, 97225 (See Figure 1) Telephone ........................................................... (503) 216-1234

EMERGENCY RESPONDERS

Police Department ................................................................. 911 Fire Department ..................................................................... 911 Ambulance ............................................................................. 911

EMERGENCY CONTACTS

Ash Creek Associates, Inc. ................................. (503) 924-4704 National Response Center .................................. (800) 424-8802 Oregon Accident Response System ....................(800) 452-0311 Environmental Response Team .......................... (503) 283-1150 Poison Control Center ......................................... (800) 222-1222 Chemtrec ............................................................ (800) 424-9300

In the event of an emergency, call for help as soon as possible. Give the following information:

• WHERE the emergency is (use cross-streets or landmarks); • PHONE NUMBER you are calling from; • WHAT HAPPENED (type of injury); • HOW MANY persons need help; • WHAT is being done for the victim(s); and • YOU HANG UP LAST (let the person you called hang up first).

2.0 Corporate Health and Safety Plan

The Ash Creek General HSP, together with the included Site-specific information, cover each of the 11 required plan elements as specified in OSHA 1910.120, and meets all applicable regulatory requirements. The reader is advised to thoroughly review the entire plan.



3.0 Site-Specific Health and Safety Plan

3.1 Site Location and Description

LOCATION: 4655 SW Hall Boulevard, Beaverton, Oregon

LAND USE OF AREA SURROUNDING FACILITY: Commercial

3.2 Site Activity Summary

SITE ACTIVITIES: Subsurface Explorations; Monitoring Well Installations; and Soil, Groundwater, Soil Vapor, and Indoor Air Samples PROPOSED DATE OF ACTIVITY: September 2008 through January 2009 POTENTIAL SITE CONTAMINANTS: Petroleum Hydrocarbons (Gasoline-Range [TPHg], Diesel-Range [TPHd]); and Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, and Xylenes (BTEX) POTENTIAL ROUTES OF ENTRY: Potential routes of entry include skin contact with soil and groundwater, incidental ingestion of soil and groundwater, and inhalation of dust and volatiles. PROTECTIVE MEASURES: Engineering Controls, Safety Glasses, Safety Boots, Hard Hat, Gloves, Protective Clothing, and Respirators (as necessary) MONITORING EQUIPMENT: Photoionization Detector (PID) with 10.2 eV Lamp; Olfactory Indications

3.3 Chain of Command

The chain of command for health and safety in this project involves the following individuals:

CORPORATE H&S MANAGER: Mike Stevens, P.E.

PROJECT MANAGER: Andrew Schmidt, R.G.

PROJECT H&S OFFICER: Andrew Schmidt, R.G.

FIELD H&S MANAGER: Sam Gray 3.4 Hazard Analysis and Applicable Safety Procedures

The following work tasks will be accomplished:

• Soil borings;



• Soil sampling;

• Groundwater sampling;

• Monitoring Well Installation; and

• Soil Vapor and Indoor Air Sampling.

The associated hazards for the above activities that may be anticipated during this project are discussed in detail below. 3.4.1 Soil Borings

Drilling activities will be conducted with appropriate protection as discussed under personnel protective equipment (PPE) requirements (Section 3.2). Employees are cautioned to stand clear of all equipment. Noise protection must also be available and used whenever drilling activities are in progress. In addition, exclusion zones will be established for worker protection. Underground Utilities. Any underground activity that disturbs soil has the potential for disrupting underground utilities. Immediately stop work and evacuate the area pending further evaluation if:

• Gas or vapor venting occurs during the activity;

• The odor of natural gas is detected; or

• It is suspected a pipeline or utility service has been hit. In addition, contact the proper authorities, as necessary, and report the incident to the Project Manager in the office. If gas or vapor venting occurs from a soil boring, well installation, excavation, or other source, immediately position upwind from the source. If necessary, use respiratory protection. If the odor of natural gas is detected or if it suspected that a pipeline has been hit, immediately stop work, evacuate the area, and contact the proper authorities. Never continue to work in an area—even if PID readings, lower exposure limit (LEL), and/or hydrogen sulfide tests are acceptable—if you begin to notice strange odors or symptoms of overexposure (such as dizziness, nausea, tearing of the eyes, etc.). Do not resume work until testing shows the hazard has been removed.



3.4.2 Soil and Groundwater Sampling

Any soil and groundwater sampling will occur under the assumption the media is contaminated and appropriate personnel protection will be required. 3.4.3 Monitoring Well Installation

Drilling activities will be conducted with appropriate protection as discussed under PPE requirements (Section 3.2). Employees are cautioned to stand clear of all equipment. Noise protection must also be available and used whenever drilling activities are in progress. In addition, exclusion zones will be established for worker protection. 3.4.4 Soil Vapor and Indoor Air Sampling

Procedures will follow those defined in the Soil Borings Section 3.4.1 and in the Monitoring Well Installation Section 3.4.3, above. 3.4.5 Air Monitoring and Action Levels

Air monitoring will be conducted to determine possible hazardous conditions and to confirm the adequacy of PPE. The results of the air monitoring will be used as the basis for specifying PPE and determining the need to upgrade protective measures. Air monitoring equipment will be calibrated prior to use (where applicable) as specified by the instrument manuals and results will be documented in the instrument log. All equipment will be maintained as specified by the manufacturer or more frequently as required by use conditions, and repair records will be maintained with the instrument log. PID Monitoring. Air monitoring will be conducted with a PID with 10.2 eV lamp, or equivalent, to measure organic vapor concentration during Site work activities (the 10.2 eV lamp is specified to allow detection of halogenated compounds). Background PID measurements will be taken prior to the start of drilling to quantify levels associated with the ambient air space in the vicinity of the Site. After the completion of each borehole, a separate PID measurement will be collected from within the borehole to quantify the potential for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to be released into the breathing space. If PID measurements are elevated relative to the previously measured background levels, then detector tube readings will be collected from the breathing space (described below). If the detector tube readings exceed the NIOSH REL concentrations, then Site workers exposed to these levels will use air-purifying respirators as appropriate. If detector tubes readings are below the REL concentrations, then a PID measurement will be collected from the breathing space. If PID measurements are elevated in the breathing zone above background concentrations, then Site workers exposed to these levels will use air-purifying respirators as appropriate. If



measured concentrations exceed IDLH concentrations, Site work will cease pending re-evaluation of the situation by the Health and Safety Manager. Detector Tubes. If VOCs are detected in a borehole (as described above), then air monitoring within the breathing space will be conducted for specific compounds of concern, conducted with detector tubes for each identified compound. Selected compounds have low permissible exposure limits (PELs) or register less effectively with the PID. Specific detector tubes will be collected for benzene. Olfactory. If olfactory senses detect any unfamiliar odor, work will stop until an assessment can be made to determine whether the need exists to upgrade protective measures. 3.5 Chemicals of Concern

Based on Site information gathered to date, the following chemicals may be present at the Site:

• Gasoline-range petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHg);

• Diesel-range petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHd); and

• Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, and Xylenes (BTEX). 3.5.1 Toxicity Information

Pertinent toxicological properties of these chemicals are discussed below. This information generally covers potential toxic effects which may occur from relatively significant acute and/or chronic exposures, and is not meant to indicate that such effects will occur from the planned Site activities. In general, the chemicals which may be encountered at this Site are not expected to be present at concentrations that could produce significant exposures. The types of planned work activities should also limit potential exposures at the Site. Furthermore, appropriate protective and monitoring equipment will be used, as discussed below, to further minimize any exposures that might occur. Standards for occupational exposures to these chemicals are included where available. Site exposures are generally expected to be of short duration and well below the level of any of these exposure limits. These standards are presented below: PEL Permissible Exposure Limit (OSHA)

REL Recommended Exposure Limit (NIOSH)

IDLH Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health (NIOSH)

TWA Time-Weighted Average (exposure limit for any 8-hour work shift of a 40-hour work week)



STEL Short-Term Exposure Limit (expressed as a 15-minute, time-weighted average, and not to be exceeded at any time during a work day)

C Ceiling Exposure Limit (not to be exceeded at any time during a work day) The following table lists the exposure limits recommended by OSHA and NIOSH for each of the listed compounds. Respiratory protection will be required if measured concentrations in air exceed the minimum of these exposure limits. Recommended Exposure Limits

Compound OSHA PEL [ppm]

NIOSH REL [ppm]

IDLH [ppm]

Petroleum Hydrocarbons (as petroleum distillates) 500 350 1,100

Benzene 1 (average) 5 (short-term)

0.1 (average) 1 (short-term) 500

Toluene 200 (average) 300 (short-term)

100 (average) 150 (short-term) 500

Ethylbenzene 100 (average) 100 (average) 125 (short-term) 800

Xylenes 100 (average) 100 (average) 150 (short-term) 900

Note: ppm = Parts per million. Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons. Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) is a term used to describe a broad family of several hundred chemical compounds that originally come from crude oil. In this sense, TPH is really a mixture of chemicals. They are called hydrocarbons because almost all of them are made entirely from hydrogen and carbon. Crude oils can vary in how much of each chemical they contain, and so can the petroleum products that are made from crude oils. Most products that contain TPH will burn. Some are clear or light-colored liquids that evaporate easily, and others are thick, dark liquids or semi-solids that do not evaporate. Many of these products have characteristic gasoline, kerosene, or oily odors. Because modern society uses so many petroleum-based products (e.g., gasoline, kerosene, fuel oil, mineral oil, and asphalt), contamination of the environment by them is potentially widespread. Contamination caused by petroleum products will contain a variety of these hydrocarbons. Because there are so many, it is not usually practical to measure each one individually. However, it is useful to measure the total amount of all hydrocarbons found together in a particular sample of soil, water, or air. TPH can enter and leave your body when you breathe it in air; swallow it in water, food, or soil; or touch it. Most components of TPH will enter your bloodstream rapidly when you breathe them as a vapor or mist or when you swallow them. Some TPH compounds are widely distributed by the blood throughout your body and quickly break down into less harmful chemicals. Others may break down into more harmful chemicals.



Other TPH compounds are slowly distributed by the blood to other parts of the body and do not readily break down. When you touch TPH compounds, they are absorbed more slowly and to a lesser extent than when you breathe or swallow them. Most TPH compounds leave your body through urine or when you exhale air containing the compounds. The compounds in different TPH fractions affect the body in different ways. Some of the TPH compounds, particularly the smaller compounds such as benzene, toluene, and xylene (which are present in gasoline), can affect the human central nervous system. If exposures are high enough, death can occur. Breathing toluene at concentrations greater than 100 parts per million (100 ppm) for more than several hours can cause fatigue, headache, nausea, and drowsiness. When exposure is stopped, the symptoms will go away. However, if someone is exposed for a long time, permanent damage to the central nervous system can occur. One TPH compound (n-hexane) can affect the central nervous system in a different way, causing a nerve disorder called "peripheral neuropathy" characterized by numbness in the feet and legs and, in severe cases, paralysis. This has occurred in workers exposed to 500–2,500 ppm of n-hexane in the air. Swallowing some petroleum products, such as gasoline or kerosene, causes irritation of the throat and stomach, central nervous system depression, difficulty breathing, and pneumonia from breathing liquid into the lungs. The compounds in some TPH fractions can also affect the blood, immune system, liver, spleen, kidneys, developing fetus, and lungs. Certain TPH compounds can be irritating to the skin and eyes. Other TPH compounds, such as some mineral oils, are not very toxic and are used in foods. One TPH compound (benzene) has been shown to cause cancer (leukemia) in people. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has determined that benzene is carcinogenic to humans (Group 1 classification). Some other TPH compounds or petroleum products, such as benzo(a)pyrene and gasoline, are considered to be probably and possibly carcinogenic to humans (IARC Groups 2A and 2B, respectively) based on cancer studies in people and animals. Most of the other TPH compounds and products are considered not classifiable (Group 3) by IARC. Although there are no federal regulations or guidelines for TPH in general, the government has developed regulations and guidelines for some of the TPH fractions and compounds. These are designed to protect the public from the possible harmful health effects of these chemicals. To protect workers, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has set a legal limit of 500 parts of petroleum distillates per million parts of air (500 ppm) in the workplace. EPA regulates certain TPH fractions, products, or wastes containing TPH, as well as some individual TPH compounds. For example, there are regulations for TPH as oil; these regulations address oil pollution prevention and spill response, storm water discharge, and underground injection control. EPA lists certain wastes containing TPH as hazardous. EPA also requires that the National Response Center be notified following a discharge or spill into the environment of 10 pounds or more of hazardous wastes containing benzene, a component in some TPH mixtures.



Nearly all states have cleanup standards for TPH or components of TPH (common cleanup standards are for gasoline, diesel fuel, and waste oil). Analytical methods are specified, many of which are considered to be TPH methods. Benzene. Benzene, also known as benzol, is a colorless liquid with a sweet odor. Benzene evaporates into air very quickly and dissolves slightly in water. Benzene is highly flammable. Most people can begin to smell benzene in air at 1.5–4.7 parts of benzene per million parts of air (ppm) and smell benzene in water at 2 ppm. Most people can begin to taste benzene in water at 0.5 to 4.5 ppm. Benzene is found in air, water, and soil. Benzene found in the environment is from both human activities and natural processes. Benzene was first discovered and isolated from coal tar in the 1800s. Today, benzene is made mostly from petroleum sources. Because of its wide use, benzene ranks in the top 20 in production volume for chemicals produced in the United States. Various industries use benzene to make other chemicals, such as styrene (for Styrofoam® and other plastics), cumene (for various resins), and cyclohexane (for nylon and synthetic fibers). Benzene is also used for the manufacturing of some types of rubbers, lubricants, dyes, detergents, drugs, and pesticides. Natural sources of benzene, which include volcanoes and forest fires, also contribute to the presence of benzene in the environment. Benzene is also a natural part of crude oil and gasoline and cigarette smoke. Most people are exposed to a small amount of benzene on a daily basis. You can be exposed to benzene in the outdoor environment, in the workplace, and in the home. Exposure of the general population to benzene is mainly through breathing air that contains benzene. The major sources of benzene exposure are tobacco smoke, automobile service stations, exhaust from motor vehicles, and industrial emissions. Vapors (or gases) from products that contain benzene, such as glues, paints, furniture wax, and detergents, can also be a source of exposure. Auto exhaust and industrial emissions account for about 20% of the total nationwide exposure to benzene. About 50% of the entire nationwide exposure to benzene results from smoking tobacco or from exposure to tobacco smoke. The average smoker (32 cigarettes per day) takes in about 1.8 milligrams (mg) of benzene per day. This is about 10 times the average daily intake of nonsmokers. Measured levels of benzene in outdoor air have ranged from 0.02 to 34 parts of benzene per billion parts of air (ppb) (1 ppb is 1,000 times less than 1 ppm). People living in cities or industrial areas are generally exposed to higher levels of benzene in air than those living in rural areas. Benzene levels in the home are usually higher than outdoor levels. People living around hazardous waste sites, petroleum refining operations, petrochemical manufacturing sites, or gas stations may be exposed to higher levels of benzene in air.



Benzene can enter your body through your lungs when you breathe contaminated air. It can also enter through your stomach and intestines when you eat food or drink water that contains benzene. Benzene can enter your body through skin contact with benzene-containing products such as gasoline. When you are exposed to high levels of benzene in air, about half of the benzene you breathe in leaves your body when you breathe out. The other half passes through the lining of your lungs and enters your bloodstream. Animal studies show that benzene taken in by eating or drinking contaminated foods behaves similarly in the body to benzene that enters through the lungs. A small amount will enter your body by passing through your skin and into your bloodstream during skin contact with benzene or benzene-containing products. Once in the bloodstream, benzene travels throughout your body and can be temporarily stored in the bone marrow and fat. Benzene is converted to products, called metabolites, in the liver and bone marrow. Some of the harmful effects of benzene exposure are believed to be caused by these metabolites. Most of the metabolites of benzene leave the body in the urine within 48 hours after exposure.

After exposure to benzene, several factors determine whether harmful health effects will occur and if they do, what the type and severity of these health effects might be. These factors include the amount of benzene to which you are exposed and the length of time of the exposure. Most data involving effects of long-term exposure to benzene are from studies of workers employed in industries that make or use benzene. These workers were exposed to levels of benzene in air far greater than the levels normally encountered by the general population. Current levels of benzene in workplace air are much lower than in the past. Because of this reduction, and the availability of protective equipment such as respirators, fewer workers have symptoms of benzene poisoning. Brief exposure (5–10 minutes) to very high levels of benzene in air (10,000–20,000 ppm) can result in death. Lower levels (700–3,000 ppm) can cause drowsiness, dizziness, rapid heart rate, headaches, tremors, confusion, and unconsciousness. In most cases, people will stop feeling these effects when they stop being exposed and begin to breathe fresh air. Eating foods or drinking liquids containing high levels of benzene can cause vomiting, irritation of the stomach, dizziness, sleepiness, convulsions, rapid heart rate, coma, and death. The health effects that may result from eating foods or drinking liquids containing lower levels of benzene are not known. If you spill benzene on your skin, it may cause redness and sores. Benzene in your eyes may cause general irritation and damage to your cornea. Benzene causes problems in the blood. People who breathe benzene for long periods may experience harmful effects in the tissues that form blood cells, especially the bone marrow. These effects can disrupt normal blood production and cause a decrease in important blood components. A decrease in red blood cells can lead to anemia. Reduction in other components in the blood can cause excessive bleeding. Blood



production may return to normal after exposure to benzene stops. Excessive exposure to benzene can be harmful to the immune system, increasing the chance for infection and perhaps lowering the body's defense against cancer. Benzene can cause cancer of the blood-forming organs. The Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) has determined that benzene is a known carcinogen. The International Agency for Cancer Research (IARC) has determined that benzene is carcinogenic to humans, and the EPA has determined that benzene is a human carcinogen. Long-term exposure to relatively high levels of benzene in the air can cause cancer of the blood-forming organs. This condition is called leukemia. Exposure to benzene has been associated with development of a particular type of leukemia called acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Exposure to benzene may be harmful to the reproductive organs. Some women workers who breathed high levels of benzene for many months had irregular menstrual periods. When examined, these women showed a decrease in the size of their ovaries. However, exact exposure levels were unknown, and the studies of these women did not prove that benzene caused these effects. It is not known what effects exposure to benzene might have on the developing fetus in pregnant women or on fertility in men. Studies with pregnant animals show that breathing benzene has harmful effects on the developing fetus. These effects include low birth weight, delayed bone formation, and bone marrow damage. The health effects that might occur in humans following long-term exposure to food and water contaminated with benzene are not known. In animals, exposure to food or water contaminated with benzene can damage the blood and the immune system and can even cause cancer. EPA has set the maximum permissible level of benzene in drinking water at 5 parts per billion (ppb). Because benzene can cause leukemia, EPA has set a goal of 0 ppb for benzene in drinking water and in water such as rivers and lakes. EPA estimates that 10 ppb benzene in drinking water that is consumed regularly or exposure to 0.4 ppb benzene in air over a lifetime could cause a risk of one additional cancer case for every 100,000 exposed persons. EPA recommends a maximum permissible level of benzene in water of 200 ppb for short-term exposures (10 days) for children. EPA requires that the National Response Center be notified following a discharge or spill into the environment of 10 pounds or more of benzene. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regulates levels of benzene in the workplace. The maximum allowable amount of benzene in workroom air during an 8-hour workday, 40-hour workweek is 1 part per million (ppm). Since benzene can cause cancer, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) recommends that all workers likely to be exposed to benzene wear special breathing equipment.



Toluene. Toluene is a clear, colorless liquid with a distinctive smell. It is added to gasoline along with benzene and tolueneylene. Toluene occurs naturally in crude oil and in the tolu tree. It is produced in the process of making gasoline and other fuels from crude oil, in making coke from coal, and as a by-product in the manufacture of styrene. Toluene is used in making paints, paint thinners, fingernail polish, lacquers, adhesives, and rubber and in some printing and leather tanning processes. It is disposed of at hazardous waste sites as used solvent (a substance that can dissolve other substances) or at landfills where it is present in discarded paints, paint thinners, and fingernail polish. You can begin to smell toluene in the air at a concentration of 8 parts of toluene per million parts of air (ppm), and taste it in your water at a concentration of 0.04 to 1 ppm. (One part per million is equivalent to 1 minute in 2 years.) Toluene can enter your body when you breathe its vapors or eat or drink contaminated food or water. When you work with toluene-containing paints or paint thinners, the toluene can also pass through your skin into your bloodstream. You are exposed to toluene when you breathe air containing toluene. When this occurs the toluene is taken directly into your blood from your lungs. Where you live, work, and travel and what you eat affects your daily exposure to toluene. Factors such as your age, sex, body composition, and health status affect what happens to toluene once it is in your body. After being taken into your body, more than 75% of the toluene is removed within 12 hours. It may leave your body unchanged in the air you breathe out or in your urine after some of it has been chemically changed to make it more water soluble. Generally, your body turns toluene into less harmful chemicals such as hippuric acid. A serious health concern is that toluene may have an effect on your brain. Toluene can cause headaches, confusion, and memory loss. Whether or not toluene does this to you depends on the amount you take in and how long you are exposed. Low-to-moderate, day-after-day exposure in your workplace can cause tiredness, confusion, weakness, drunken-type actions, memory loss, nausea, and loss of appetite. These symptoms usually disappear when exposure is stopped. Researchers do not know if the low levels of toluene you breathe at work will cause any permanent effects on your brain or body after many years. You may experience some hearing loss after long-term daily exposure to toluene in the workplace. If you are exposed to a large amount of toluene in a short time because you deliberately sniff paint or glue, you will first feel light-headed. If exposure continues, you can become dizzy, sleepy, or unconscious. You might even die. Toluene causes death by interfering with the way you breathe and the way your heart beats. When exposure is stopped, the sleepiness and dizziness will go away and you will feel normal again. If you choose to repeatedly breathe in toluene from glue or paint thinners, you may permanently damage your brain. You may also experience problems with your speech, vision, or hearing, have loss of muscle control, loss of memory, poor balance, and decreased mental ability. Some of these changes may be permanent.



Toluene may change the way your kidneys work, but in most cases, the kidneys will return to normal after exposure stops. If you drink alcohol and are exposed to toluene, the combination can affect your liver more than either compound alone. This phenomenon is called synergism. Combinations of toluene and some common medicines like aspirin and acetaminophen may increase the effects of toluene on your hearing. In animals, the main effect of toluene is on the nervous system. Animals exposed to moderate or high levels of toluene may also show slightly adverse effects in their liver, kidneys, and lungs. Several studies have shown that unborn animals were harmed when high levels of toluene were breathed in by their mothers. When the mothers were fed high levels of toluene, the unborn animals did not show any structural birth defects, although some effects on behavior were noted. We do not know if toluene would harm your unborn child if you drink water or breathe air containing low levels of toluene, because studies in people are not comprehensive enough to measure this effect. However, if you deliberately breathe in large amounts of toluene during your pregnancy, your baby can have neurological problems and retarded growth and development. Studies in workers and in animals exposed to toluene indicate that toluene does not cause cancer. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) have not classified toluene for carcinogenic effects. The EPA has determined that toluene is not classifiable as to its human carcinogenicity. The federal government has developed regulatory standards and guidelines to protect you from the possible health effects of toluene in the environment. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has set a limit of 100 ppm of toluene for air in the workplace, averaged for an 8-hour exposure per day over a 40-hour work week. The American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) have recommended that toluene in workplace air not exceed 100 ppm (as an average level over 8 hours). EPA recommends that drinking water should not contain more than 20 ppm for 1 day, 3 ppm for 10 days, or 1 ppm for lifetime consumption. Any release of more than 1,000 pounds of this chemical to the environment must be reported to the National Response Center. Ethylbenzene. Ethylbenzene is a colorless liquid that smells like gasoline. You can smell ethylbenzene in the air at concentrations as low as 2 parts of ethylbenzene per million parts of air by volume (ppm). It evaporates at room temperature and burns easily. Ethylbenzene occurs naturally in coal tar and petroleum. It is also found in many products, including paints, inks, and insecticides. Gasoline contains about 2% (by weight) ethylbenzene. Ethylbenzene is used primarily in the production of styrene. It is also used as a solvent, a component of asphalt and naphtha, and in fuels. In the chemical industry, it is used in the manufacture of acetophenone, cellulose acetate, diethylbenzene, ethyl anthraquinone, ethylbenzene sulfonic acids, propylene oxide, and -methylbenzyl alcohol. Consumer products containing ethylbenzene



include pesticides, carpet glues, varnishes and paints, and tobacco products. In 1994, approximately 12 billion pounds of ethylbenzene were produced in the United States. At certain levels, exposure to ethylbenzene can harm your health. People exposed to high levels of ethylbenzene in the air for short periods have complained of eye and throat irritation. Persons exposed to higher levels have shown signs of more severe effects such as decreased movement and dizziness. No studies have reported death in humans following exposure to ethylbenzene alone. However, evidence from animal studies suggests that it can cause death at very high concentrations in the air (about 2 million times the usual level in urban air). Whether or not long-term exposure to ethylbenzene affects human health is not known, because little information is available. Short-term exposure of laboratory animals to high concentrations of ethylbenzene in air may cause liver and kidney damage, nervous system changes, and blood changes. The link between these health effects and exposure to ethylbenzene is not clear because of conflicting results and weaknesses in many of the studies. Also, there is no clear evidence that the ability to get pregnant is affected by breathing air or drinking water containing ethylbenzene, or coming into direct contact with ethylbenzene through the skin. Two long-term studies in animals suggest that ethylbenzene may cause tumors. One study had many weaknesses, and no conclusions could be drawn about possible cancer effects in humans. The other, a recently completed study, was more convincing, and provided clear evidence that ethylbenzene causes cancer in one species after exposure in the air to concentrations greater than 740 ppm that were approximately 1 million times the levels found in urban air. At present, the federal government has not identified ethylbenzene as a chemical that may cause cancer in humans. However, this may change after consideration of the new data. There are no reliable data on the effects in humans after eating or drinking ethylbenzene or following direct exposure to the skin. For this reason, levels of exposure that may affect your health after eating, drinking, or getting ethylbenzene on your skin are estimated from animal studies. There are only two reports of eye or skin exposure to ethylbenzene. In these studies, liquid ethylbenzene caused eye damage and skin irritation in rabbits. More animal studies are available that describe the effects of breathing air or drinking water containing ethylbenzene. The federal government has developed regulatory standards and guidelines to protect you from possible health effects of ethylbenzene in the environment. EPA's Office of Drinking Water (ODW) set 700 ppb (this equals 0.7 milligrams ethylbenzene per liter of water or mg/L) as the acceptable exposure concentration of ethylbenzene in drinking water for an average weight adult. This value is for lifetime exposure and is set at a level that is expected not to increase the chance of having (non-cancer) adverse health effects. The same EPA office (ODW) set higher acceptable levels of ethylbenzene in water for shorter periods (20 ppm or 20 mg/L for 1 day, 3 ppm or 3 mg/L for 10 days). EPA has determined that exposures at or below these levels are acceptable for small children. If you eat fish and drink water from a body of water, the water should contain no more than 1.4 mg ethylbenzene per liter.



EPA requires that a release of 1,000 pounds or more of ethylbenzene be reported to the federal government's National Response Center in Washington, D.C. OSHA set a legal limit of 100 ppm ethylbenzene in air. This is for exposure at work for 8 hours per day. NIOSH also recommends an exposure limit for ethylbenzene of 100 ppm. This is for exposure to ethylbenzene in air at work for up to 10 hours per day in a 40-hour work week. NIOSH also set a limit of 125 ppm for a 15-minute period. Xylenes. There are three forms of xylene in which the methyl groups vary on the benzene ring: meta-xylene, ortho-xylene, and para-xylene (m-, o-, and p-xylene). These different forms are referred to as isomers. The term total xylenes refers to all three isomers of xylene (m-, o-, and p-xylene). Mixed xylene is a mixture of the three isomers and usually also contains 6% to 15% ethylbenzene. Xylene is also known as xylol or dimethylbenzene. Xylene is primarily a synthetic chemical. Chemical industries produce xylene from petroleum. Xylene also occurs naturally in petroleum and coal tar and is formed during forest fires. It is a colorless, flammable liquid with a sweet odor. Xylene is one of the top 30 chemicals produced in the United States in terms of volume. It is used as a solvent (a liquid that can dissolve other substances) in the printing, rubber, and leather industries. Along with other solvents, xylene is also used as a cleaning agent, a thinner for paint, and in varnishes. It is found in small amounts in airplane fuel and gasoline. Xylene is used as a material in the chemical, plastics, and synthetic fiber industries and as an ingredient in the coating of fabrics and papers. Isomers of xylene are used in the manufacture of certain polymers (chemical compounds), such as plastics. Xylene evaporates and burns easily. Xylene does not mix well with water; however, it does mix with alcohol and many other chemicals. Most people begin to smell xylene in air at 0.08–3.7 parts of xylene per million parts of air (ppm) and begin to taste it in water at 0.53 to 1.8 ppm. Xylene is most likely to enter your body when you breathe xylene vapors. Less often, xylene enters the body through the skin following direct contact. It is rapidly absorbed by your lungs after you breathe air containing it. Exposure to xylene may also take place if you eat or drink xylene-contaminated food or water. The amount of xylene retained ranges from 50% to 75% of the amount of xylene that you inhale. Physical exercise increases the amount of xylene absorbed by the lungs. Absorption of xylene after eating food or drinking water containing it is both rapid and complete. Absorption of xylene through the skin also occurs rapidly following direct contact with xylene. Absorption of xylene vapor through the skin is lower than absorption of xylene vapor by the lungs. However, it is not known how much of the xylene is absorbed through the skin. At hazardous waste sites, breathing xylene vapors, drinking well water contaminated with xylene, and direct contact of the skin with xylene are the most likely ways you can be exposed. Xylene passes into the blood soon after entering the body.



In people and laboratory animals, xylene is broken down into other chemicals especially in the liver. This process changes most of the xylene that is breathed in or swallowed into a different form. Once xylene breaks down, the breakdown products rapidly leave the body, mainly in urine, but some unchanged xylene also leaves in the breath from the lungs. One of the breakdown products of xylene, methylbenzaldehyde, is harmful to the lungs of some animals. This chemical has not been found in people exposed to xylene. Small amounts of breakdown products of xylene have appeared in the urine of people as soon as 2 hours after breathing air containing xylene. Usually, most of the xylene that is taken in leaves the body within 18 hours after exposure ends. Storage of xylene in fat or muscle may prolong the time needed for xylene to leave the body. Short-term exposure of people to high levels of xylene can cause irritation of the skin, eyes, nose, and throat; difficulty in breathing; impaired function of the lungs; delayed response to a visual stimulus; impaired memory; stomach discomfort; and possible changes in the liver and kidneys. Both short- and long-term exposure to high concentrations of xylene can also cause a number of effects on the nervous system, such as headaches, lack of muscle coordination, dizziness, confusion, and changes in one's sense of balance. People exposed to very high levels of xylene for a short period of time have died. Most of the information on long-term exposure to xylene is from studies of workers employed in industries that make or use xylene. Those workers were exposed to levels of xylene in air far greater than the levels normally encountered by the general population. Many of the effects seen after their exposure to xylene could have been caused by exposure to other chemicals that were in the air with xylene. Results of studies of animals indicate that large amounts of xylene can cause changes in the liver and harmful effects on the kidneys, lungs, heart, and nervous system. Short-term exposure to very high concentrations of xylene causes death in animals, as well as muscular spasms, incoordination, hearing loss, changes in behavior, changes in organ weights, and changes in enzyme activity. Long-term exposure of animals to low concentrations of xylene has not been well studied.

Information from animal studies is not adequate to determine whether or not xylene causes cancer in humans. Both the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and EPA have found that there is insufficient information to determine whether or not xylene is carcinogenic and consider xylene not classifiable as to its human carcinogenicity. Exposure of pregnant women to high levels of xylene may cause harmful effects to the fetus. Studies of unborn animals indicate that high concentrations of xylene may cause increased numbers of deaths, decreased weight, skeletal changes, and delayed skeletal development. In many instances, these same concentrations also cause damage to the mothers. The higher the exposure and the longer the exposure to xylene, the greater the chance of harmful health effects. Lower concentrations of xylene are not so harmful.



EPA estimates that, for an adult of average weight, exposure to 10 milligrams of xylene per liter (mg/L or ppm) of water each day for a lifetime (70 years) is unlikely to result in harmful noncancerous health effects. For a long-term but less-than-lifetime exposure (about 7 years), 27.3 ppm is estimated to be a level unlikely to result in harmful health effects in an adult. Exposure to 12 ppm xylene in water for 1 day or to 7.8 ppm of xylene in water for 10 days or longer is unlikely to present a health risk to a small child. EPA has proposed a recommended maximum level of 10 ppm xylene in drinking water. To protect people from the potential harmful health effects of xylene, EPA regulates xylene in the environment. EPA has set a legally enforceable maximum level of 10 mg/L (equal to 10 ppm) of xylene in water that is delivered to any user of a public water system. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has set an occupational exposure limit of 100 ppm of xylene in air averaged over an 8-hour workday and a 15-minute exposure limit of 150 ppm. These regulations also match recommendations (not legally enforceable) of the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has recommended an exposure limit (not legally enforceable) of 100 ppm of xylene averaged over a workday up to 10 hours long in a 40-hour workweek. NIOSH has also recommended that exposure to xylene not exceed 150 ppm for longer than 15 minutes. NIOSH has classified xylene exposures of 10,000 ppm as immediately dangerous to life or health. EPA and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) specify conditions under which xylene may be used as a part of herbicides, pesticides, or articles used in contact with food. The EPA has a chronic drinking water health advisory of 27.3 ppm for an adult and 7.8 ppm for a 10-kilogram child. EPA regulations require that a spill of 1,000 pounds or more of xylene or used xylene solvents be reported to the Federal Government National Response Center.

Record of Health and Safety Communication

PROJECT NAME: DEQ - Former Hall Boulevard TexacoSITE CONTAMINANTS (see Attached): Petroleum Hydrocarbons, BTEXPPE REQUIREMENTS (check all that apply):

Safety Vest

The following personnel have reviewed a copy of the Summary Information regarding the Site, the General Health and Safety Plan (and attachments). By signing below, these personnelindicate that they have read the plan, including all referenced information, and that they understand the requirements which are detailed for this project.

PRINTED NAME SIGNATURE COMPANY DATE

Safety Glasses

Safety Boots

Hard Hat

Gloves :

Clothing :

Respiratory Protection :

Other :

Former Hall Boulevard TexacoDEQ Task Order No. 57-08-12

1527-00Page 1 of 1

Appendix B Sampling and Analysis Plan

Appendix B – Sampling and Analysis Plan

Focused Remedial Investigation Work Plan Page B-1 Former Hall Boulevard Texaco September 9, 2008 1527-00/Task 3

1.0 Introduction

This appendix presents the field and sampling procedures and the analytical testing program that will be used to complete the field and analytical work for this project. Quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) procedures are also discussed in this appendix.

2.0 Field and Sampling Procedures

The scope of work (SOW) for the remedial investigation (RI) includes completing subsurface explorations, soil sampling, groundwater sampling, monitoring well installation, sub-slab vapor sampling, and indoor/ambient air sampling. Data from these activities will be used to provide additional characterization of the dissolved-phase plume downgradient of the former Hall Boulevard Texaco site (the Site) in Beaverton, Oregon. The field and sampling procedures include the following:

• Collection of soil samples using push-probe techniques;

• Field screening procedures;

• Collection of groundwater samples;

• Monitoring well installation and development;

• Collection of sub-slab vapor and indoor air samples;

• Sample management (i.e., containers, storage, and shipment);

• Sample location control and surveying;

• Decontamination procedures; and

• Handling of investigation-derived waste (IDW). 2.1 Preparatory Activities

Underground Utility Location. An underground utility locate request will be submitted through One-Call. A private underground utility locate will also be conducted prior to performing the subsurface work. Property Owner/Tenant Notification. The property owners and/or tenants of the on-site property and off-site drilling locations will be notified of the investigation schedule one (1) week in advance. It is our understanding that the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) will obtain access onto privately owned property in order to conduct subsurface investigations, well installations, soil vapor and/or sub-slab vapor sampling, and indoor air sampling. It is assumed that Ash Creek Associates, Inc. (Ash Creek) will be responsible for all access agreements and permits required by government entities.



Health and Safety Plan. A Health and Safety Plan (HASP) prepared for Ash Creek personnel involved with the project is included in Appendix A of the Work Plan. 2.2 Collection of Soil Samples Using Push-Probe Drilling Rig

Eight (8) subsurface explorations are proposed using push-probe drilling techniques. Figure 7 of the Work Plan shows the locations of the proposed explorations. Ash Creek staff will complete the soil sampling in accordance with Standard Operating Procedure (SOP)-2.4, included in this appendix. 2.3 Field Screening

Ash Creek staff will perform field screening of soil during the subsurface explorations in accordance with SOP-2.1, included in this appendix. 2.4 Collection of Groundwater Samples

Ash Creek staff will collect groundwater samples from the subsurface explorations in accordance with SOP-2.4, included in this appendix. 2.5 Monitoring Well Installation

Ash Creek staff will install the monitoring wells using a push-probe rig and pre-packed well construction in accordance with SOP-2.13, included in this appendix. Following installation, the monitoring wells will be developed in accordance with SOP-2.14, included in this appendix. 2.6 Collection of Sub-Slab and Indoor Air Samples

Ash Creek staff will collect sub-slab samples in accordance with SOP-2.6, included in this appendix. Ash Creek staff will collect ambient indoor air samples in up to seven (7) places of business in the Christian Science Reading Room (CSRR) Building and in the McBride Building in accordance with SOP-2.8, included in this appendix. Sub-slab vapor samples will be collected over a 20-minute interval and indoor or ambient air samples will be collected over an eight-hour interval. 2.7 Sample Management

Containers. Clean sample containers will be provided by the analytical laboratory ready for sample collection, including preservative if required (the container requirements are listed in Table B-1). Specific container requirements for samples that will undergo multiple analyses will be discussed with the analytical laboratory prior to sample collection. Each container will be fully filled, leaving no headspace. Lids will be equipped with Teflon® liners to reduce the loss of volatile compounds.



Labeling Requirements. A sample label will be affixed to each sample container before sample collection. All containers will be marked with the project number, a sample number, date of collection, and the sampler’s initials. Sample Storage and Shipment. Soil and groundwater samples will be stored in a cooler chilled with ice or blue ice to 4 degrees Celsius (°C). The cooler lid will be sealed with chain-of-custody seals. If necessary, the samples will be sent via overnight courier to the analytical laboratory for chemical analysis. Otherwise, Ash Creek will transport the containers to the laboratory. Vapor samples will be stored and shipped at ambient temperature. Chain-of-custody will be maintained and documented at all times. 2.8 Sample Location Control

The horizontal locations of all borings will be located using a hand-held Global Positioning System (GPS) unit. Wells will be surveyed by a surveyor, licensed in the State of Oregon, under subcontract to Ash Creek. 2.9 Decontamination Procedures

Personnel Decontamination. Personnel decontamination procedures depend on the level of protection specified for a given activity. The HASP (Appendix A) identifies the appropriate level of protection for the type of work and expected field conditions associated with this project. In general, clothing and other protective equipment can be removed from the investigation area. Field personnel should thoroughly wash their hands and faces at the end of each day and before taking any work breaks. Sampling Equipment Decontamination. To prevent cross-contamination between sampling events, clean, dedicated sampling equipment (e.g., groundwater sampling tubing) will be used when possible for each sampling event and will be discarded after use. Cleaning of non-disposable items will consist of washing in a detergent (Alconox®) solution, rinsing with tap water, followed by a deionized (DI) water rinse. To reduce the chance for cross-contamination between explorations, the drilling equipment will be cleaned with a high-pressure washer after each exploration. Decontamination water will be collected and handled in accordance with Section 2.10 (below). 2.10 Handling of Investigation-Derived Waste

IDW will consist of extra soil from the soil bore (i.e., soil not placed in a sample jar), decontamination water, and purge water. IDW will be placed in Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT)-approved drums. Each drum will be labeled with the project name, general contents, and date.



The drummed IDW will be stored on-site, in an area that does not inhibit normal business operations, pending proper disposal. The soil and groundwater data from the explorations will be used to profile the IDW. If required by the disposal facility, an additional sample may be collected from the IDW for waste designation. Disposable items, such as sample tubing, disposable bailers, bailer line, gloves, protective overalls (e.g., Tyvek®), paper towels, etc. will be placed in plastic bags after use and deposited in trash receptacles for disposal. Arrangement with a waste disposal subcontractor will be made to dispose of the IDW after chemical analysis results have been received.

3.0 Analytical Testing Program

An analytical testing program will be performed to assess the chemical quality of soil samples collected as part of this project. Analytical laboratory QA/QC procedures are discussed in Section 4 of this appendix. Table B-2 lists the proposed analytical methods, detection limit goals, and lists the anticipated number of soil and groundwater samples. All samples will be collected and handled using methods described in Section 2 of this appendix. Specific container and storage requirements for samples will be discussed with the analytical laboratory prior to sample collection and will be in accordance with the container requirements presented in Table B-1. The contaminants of interest (COI) and respective analytical methods that are anticipated for this project include:

• Northwest Method NWTPH-Gx for gasoline-range petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHg [water] and TO-3 [vapor]).

• Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Method 8260 (soil and groundwater) and TO-15 SIM (vapor).

Soil Samples. One or more soil samples from each exploration will be submitted to the analytical laboratory (selected based on field screening results). Each soil sample will be analyzed for VOCs. Groundwater Samples. Each collected groundwater sample will be analyzed for TPHg and VOCs. Soil Vapor and Ambient Air Samples. Each vapor sample collected will be analyzed for TPHg and VOCs.



4.0 Quality Assurance Program

4.1 Quality Assurance Objectives for Data Management

The general QA objectives for this project are to develop and implement procedures for obtaining and evaluating data of a specified quality that can be used to assess the nature and lateral extent of petroleum hydrocarbons. To collect such information, analytical data must have an appropriate degree of accuracy and reproducibility, samples collected must be representative of actual field conditions, and samples must be collected and analyzed using unbroken chain-of-custody procedures (see Section 4.3). Method detection limits (MDLs) and analytical results will be compared to action levels for each parameter in media of concern. The detection limits listed in Table B-2 are the expected detection limits, based upon laboratory calculations and experience. Specific QA objectives are as follows:

1) Establish sampling techniques that will produce analytical data representative of the media (e.g., soil or groundwater) being measured.

2) Collect and analyze a sufficient number of duplicate field samples to establish sampling precision. Field duplicate samples will be used to establish precision among replicate samples collected from the same sample location. Laboratory duplicates of the same sample will provide a measure of precision within that sample (i.e., sample homogeneity).

3) Analyze a sufficient number of analytical duplicate samples to assess the performance of the analytical laboratory.

4) Collect and analyze a sufficient number of blank samples to evaluate the potential for contamination from sampling equipment and techniques, and/or transportation.

5) Analyze a sufficient number of blank, standard, duplicate, spiked, and check samples within the laboratory to evaluate results against numerical QA goals established for precision and accuracy.

Precision, accuracy, representativeness, completeness, and comparability parameters used to indicate data quality are defined below. 4.1.1 Precision

Precision is a measure of the reproducibility of data under a given set of conditions. Specifically, it is a quantitative measure of the variability of a group of measurements compared to their average value. For duplicate measurements, precision can be expressed as the relative percent difference (RPD). Analysis of field duplicate samples will serve to measure the precision of sampling. Field duplicates will not be collected



for soil samples collected during the investigation. Field duplicates will be carried out with an approximate frequency of 10 percent for groundwater samples and 10 percent for vapor samples (assuming that more than four [4] vapor samples are collected). A 5-percent duplicate frequency will be carried out for laboratory samples. 4.1.2 Accuracy

Accuracy is the measure of error between the reported test results and the true sample concentration. True sample concentration is never known due to analytical limitations and error. Consequently, accuracy is inferred from the recovery data from spiked samples. Because of difficulties with spiking samples in the field, the laboratory will spike samples. The laboratory shall perform sufficient spike samples of a similar matrix (water or soil) to allow the computation of the accuracy. For analyses of less than five (5) samples, matrix spikes may be performed on a batch basis. Perfect accuracy is 100 percent recovery. 4.1.3 Representativeness

Representativeness is a measure of how closely the results reflect the actual concentration of the chemical parameters in the medium sampled. Sampling procedures as well as sample-handling protocols for storage, preservation, and transportation are designed to preserve the representativeness of the samples collected. Proper documentation will confirm that protocols are followed. This helps to assure sample identification and integrity. Laboratory method blanks will be run in accordance with established laboratory protocols to ensure samples are not contaminated during sample preparation in the laboratory. 4.1.4 Completeness

Completeness is defined as the percentage of measurements made which are judged to be valid. The completeness goal is essentially that a sufficient amount of valid data be generated to meet the closure requirements. 4.1.5 Comparability

Comparability is a qualitative parameter expressing the confidence with which one data set can be compared with another. The objective of this QA program is to assure that all data developed during the investigation are comparable. Comparability of the data will be assured by using EPA-defined procedures



which specify sample collection, handling, and analytical methods. The comparability of past data will be evaluated during the investigation (if possible) by assessing the techniques used for sample collection and analysis. 4.1.6 Documentation

Essentially, EPA Level III documentation will be generated during this investigation. This level of documentation is generally considered legally defensible and consists of the following:

• Holding times;

• Trip blank data;

• Field duplicate data;

• Rinse blank data;

• Laboratory method blank data;

• Sample data;

• Matrix/surrogate spike data; and

• Duplicate sample data. 4.2 Sampling Procedures

Sampling procedures for soil and groundwater are presented above in Section 2 of this appendix. These procedures are designed to ensure:

• All samples collected at the Site are consistent with project objectives; and

• Samples are identified, handled, and transported in a manner that does not alter the representativeness of the data from the actual Site conditions.

QA objectives for sample collection will be accomplished through a combination of the following items:

• Rinse Blank Sample. A rinse blank sample will be collected by pouring DI water over a piece of reusable decontaminated field equipment (e.g., temporary stainless-steel screen). The rinse blank will be analyzed for VOCs.

• Duplicate Samples. Duplicates will be submitted to evaluate the precision. The number of field duplicates required for this project will be about 10 percent of the total for groundwater samples and about 10 percent of the total for vapor samples if more than four (4) vapor samples are collected.



• Laboratory QA. Laboratory duplicate measurements will be carried out on at least 5 percent of all laboratory samples. Analytical procedures will be evaluated using the protocols of the analytical laboratory. These protocols can be submitted upon request.

Table B-3 lists the proposed QA samples. 4.3 Sample and Document Custody Procedures

The various methods used to document field sample collection and laboratory operation are presented below. 4.3.1 Field Chain-of-Custody Procedures

Sample chain-of-custody refers to the process of tracking the possession of a sample from the time it is collected in the field through the laboratory analysis. A sample is considered to be under a person's custody if it is:

• In a person's physical possession;

• In view of the person after possession has been taken; or

• Secured by that person so no one can tamper with the sample, or secured by that person in an area restricted to authorized personnel.

A chain-of-custody form is used to record possession of a sample and to document analyses requested. Each time the sample bottles or samples are transferred between individuals, both the sender and receiver sign and date the chain-of-custody form. When a sample shipment is transported to the laboratory, a copy of the chain-of-custody form is included in the transport container (e.g., ice chest). The chain-of-custody forms are used to record the following information:

• Sample identification number;

• Sample collector's signature;

• Date and time of collection;

• Description of sample;

• Analyses requested;

• Shipper's name and address;

• Receiver's name and address; and



• Signatures of persons involved in chain-of-custody. 4.3.2 Laboratory Operations

The analytical laboratory has a system in place for documenting the following laboratory information:

• Calibration procedures;

• Analytical procedures;

• Computational procedures;

• Quality control procedures;

• Bench data;

• Operating procedures or any changes to these procedures; and

• Laboratory notebook policy. Laboratory chain-of-custody procedures provide the following:

• Identification of the responsible party (sample custodian) authorized to sign for incoming field samples and a log consisting of sequential lab tracking numbers; and

• Specification of laboratory sample custody procedures for sample handling, storage, and internal distribution for analysis.

4.3.3 Corrections to Documentation

All original data are recorded in field notes and on chain-of-custody forms using indelible ink. Documents will be retained even if they are illegible or contain inaccuracies that require correction. If an error is made on a document, the individual making the entry will correct the document by crossing a line through the error, entering the correct information, and initialing and dating the correction. Any subsequent error discovered on a document is corrected, initialed, and dated by the person who made the entry. 4.4 Equipment Calibration Procedures and Frequency

All instruments and equipment used during this project will be operated, calibrated, and maintained according to the manufacturer's guidelines and recommendations. Operation, calibration, and maintenance will be performed by laboratory personnel fully trained in these procedures.



4.5 Analytical Procedures

All samples will be analyzed using essentially SW 846 analytical protocols for the parameters identified above in Section 2 of this appendix. Table B-2 lists analytical parameters and test methods. 4.6 Data Reduction, Validation, and Reporting

Reports generated in the field and laboratory will be included as an appendix to the draft and final RI Reports. The Task Manager will assure validation of the analytical data. The laboratory generating analytical data for this project will be required to submit results that are supported by sufficient backup and QA/QC data to enable the reviewer to determine the quality of the data. Validity of the laboratory data will be determined based on the objectives outlined in Section 4.1 - Quality Assurance Objectives for Data Management. Data validity will also be determined based upon the sampling procedures and documentation outlined in Sections 4.2 and 4.3 of this Sampling and Analysis Plan (SAP). Upon completion of the review, the Task Manager will be responsible for assuring development of a QA/QC report on the analytical data. All data will be stored and maintained according to the standard procedures of the laboratory. The method of data reduction will be described in the final report. 4.7 Performance Audits

Performance audits are an integral part of an analytical laboratory's SOPs and are available upon request. 4.8 Corrective Actions

If the QC audit detects unacceptable conditions or data, the Project Manager will be responsible for developing and initiating corrective action. The Task Manager will be notified if the nonconformance is significant or requires special expertise. Corrective action may include the following:

• Reanalyzing the samples, if holding time criteria permit;

• Resampling and analyzing;

• Evaluating and amending sampling and analytical procedures; and

• Accepting data and acknowledging level of uncertainty or inaccuracy by flagging the data.



4.9 Quality Assurance Reports

The Task Manager will prepare a QA/QC evaluation of the data collected during the Site investigation field activities for inclusion in the final report. In addition to an opinion regarding the validity of the data, the QA/QC evaluation will address the following:

• Any adverse conditions or deviations from this SAP;

• Assessment of analytical data for precision, accuracy, and completeness;

• Significant QA problems and recommended solutions; and

• Corrective actions taken for any problems previously identified.

Table B-1 - Analytical Methods - Sample Container RequirementsFormer Hall Boulevard Texaco, DEQ Task Order No. 57-08-12Beaverton, Oregon

Soil SamplesTPH - Gasoline Range NWTPH-Gx 4-oz wide- None 4°C 14 days

mouth glassVOCs EPA 8260B 4-oz wide- None 4°C 14 days

mouth glass

Water SamplesTPH - Gasoline Range NWTPH-Gx 3 x 40mL VOA HCL, pH < 2 4°C 14 days

VOCs EPA 8260B 3 x 40mL VOA HCL, pH < 2 4°C 14 days

Vapor SamplesTPH - Gasoline Range TO - 3 SUMMA None Ambient 30 days

VOCs TO - 15 SIM SUMMA None Ambient 30 days

Notes:1. EPA = U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.2. TPH = Total petroleum hydrocarbons.3. VOCs = Volatile organic compounds.4. °C = Degrees Celsius.5. L = Liter.6. mL = Milliliter.7. HCL = Hydrochloric acid.

StorageTemperature Holding TimeAnalysis Method Container Preservative

Focused Remedial Investigation Work Plan1527-00

Page 1 of 1

Beaverton, Oregon

Soil Water

Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH)Petroleum Hydrocarbons - Gasoline NWTPH-Gx Grab 5 mg/Kg 4.0 25 μg/L 50 6 µg/m3 0.3

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)Acetone EPA 8260B Grab 5 mg/Kg 2.5 25 μg/L 25Benzene EPA 8260B Grab 5 mg/Kg 0.02 25 μg/L 1 6 µg/m3 0.16 *

Bromobenzene EPA 8260B Grab 5 mg/Kg 0.1 25 μg/L 1Bromochloromethane EPA 8260B Grab 5 mg/Kg 0.1 25 μg/L 1

Bromodichloromethane EPA 8260B Grab 5 mg/Kg 0.1 25 μg/L 1Bromoform EPA 8260B Grab 5 mg/Kg 0.1 25 μg/L 1

Bromomethane EPA 8260B Grab 5 mg/Kg 0.5 25 μg/L 52-Butanone (MEK) EPA 8260B Grab 5 mg/Kg 1 25 μg/L 10

n-Butylbenzene EPA 8260B Grab 5 mg/Kg 0.5 25 μg/L 5sec-Butylbenzene EPA 8260B Grab 5 mg/Kg 0.1 25 μg/L 1tert-Butylbenzene EPA 8260B Grab 5 mg/Kg 0.1 25 μg/L 1Carbon disulfide EPA 8260B Grab 5 mg/Kg 1 25 μg/L 10

Carbon tetrachloride EPA 8260B Grab 5 mg/Kg 0.1 25 μg/L 1Chlorobenzene EPA 8260B Grab 5 mg/Kg 0.1 25 μg/L 1Chloroethane EPA 8260B Grab 5 mg/Kg 0.1 25 μg/L 1Chloroform EPA 8260B Grab 5 mg/Kg 0.1 25 μg/L 1

Chloromethane EPA 8260B Grab 5 mg/Kg 0.5 25 μg/L 52-Chlorotoluene EPA 8260B Grab 5 mg/Kg 0.1 25 μg/L 14-Chlorotoluene EPA 8260B Grab 5 mg/Kg 0.1 25 μg/L 1

1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane EPA 8260B Grab 5 mg/Kg 0.5 25 μg/L 5Dibromochloromethane EPA 8260B Grab 5 mg/Kg 0.1 25 μg/L 1

1,2-Dibromoethane EPA 8260B Grab 5 mg/Kg 0.1 25 μg/L 1Dibromomethane EPA 8260B Grab 5 mg/Kg 0.1 25 μg/L 1

1,2-Dichlorobenzene EPA 8260B Grab 5 mg/Kg 0.1 25 μg/L 11,3-Dichlorobenzene EPA 8260B Grab 5 mg/Kg 0.1 25 μg/L 11,4-Dichlorobenzene EPA 8260B Grab 5 mg/Kg 0.1 25 μg/L 1

Dichlorodifluoromethane EPA 8260B Grab 5 mg/Kg 0.5 25 μg/L 51,1-Dichloroethane EPA 8260B Grab 5 mg/Kg 0.1 25 μg/L 11,2-Dichloroethane EPA 8260B Grab 5 mg/Kg 0.1 25 μg/L 11,1-Dichloroethene EPA 8260B Grab 5 mg/Kg 0.1 25 μg/L 1

cis-1,2-Dichloroethene EPA 8260B Grab 5 mg/Kg 0.1 25 μg/L 1trans-1,2-Dichloroethene EPA 8260B Grab 5 mg/Kg 0.1 25 μg/L 1

1,2-Dichloropropane EPA 8260B Grab 5 mg/Kg 0.1 25 μg/L 11,3-Dichloropropane EPA 8260B Grab 5 mg/Kg 0.1 25 μg/L 1

Please refer to notes at end of table.

Former Hall Boulevard Texaco, DEQ Task Order No. 57-08-12Table B-2 - Analytical Methods, Anticipated Sample Number, and Detection Limit Goals

VaporAnticipated Number of Samples

UnitsDetection

Limit Goal

Analyte Method Sample Type

Anticipated Number of Samples

DetectionLimitGoal

UnitsDetection

Limit Goal

AnticipatedNumber ofSamples

Units


Page 1 of 2

Beaverton, Oregon

Soil Water

Former Hall Boulevard Texaco, DEQ Task Order No. 57-08-12Table B-2 - Analytical Methods, Anticipated Sample Number, and Detection Limit Goals

VaporAnticipated Number of Samples

UnitsDetection

Limit Goal

Analyte Method Sample Type

Anticipated Number of Samples

DetectionLimitGoal

UnitsDetection

Limit Goal


Units

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) - Continued2,2-Dichloropropane EPA 8260B Grab 5 mg/Kg 0.1 25 μg/L 11,1-Dichloropropene EPA 8260B Grab 5 mg/Kg 0.1 25 μg/L 1

cis-1,3-Dichloropropene EPA 8260B Grab 5 mg/Kg 0.1 25 μg/L 1trans-1,3-Dichloropropene EPA 8260B Grab 5 mg/Kg 0.1 25 μg/L 1

Ethylbenzene EPA 8260B Grab 5 mg/Kg 0.1 25 μg/L 1 6 µg/m3 2.2Hexachlorobutadiene EPA 8260B Grab 5 mg/Kg 0.4 25 μg/L 4

2-Hexanone EPA 8260B Grab 5 mg/Kg 1 25 μg/L 10Isopropylbenzene EPA 8260B Grab 5 mg/Kg 0.2 25 μg/L 2p-Isopropyltoluene EPA 8260B Grab 5 mg/Kg 0.2 25 μg/L 2

4-Methyl-2-pentanone EPA 8260B Grab 5 mg/Kg 0.5 25 μg/L 5Methyl tert-butyl ether EPA 8260B Grab 5 mg/Kg 0.1 25 μg/L 1

Methylene chloride EPA 8260B Grab 5 mg/Kg 0.5 25 μg/L 5Naphthalene EPA 8260B Grab 5 mg/Kg 0.2 25 μg/L 2

n-Propylbenzene EPA 8260B Grab 5 mg/Kg 0.1 25 μg/L 1Styrene EPA 8260B Grab 5 mg/Kg 0.1 25 μg/L 1 6 µg/m3 2.2

1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane EPA 8260B Grab 5 mg/Kg 0.1 25 μg/L 11,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane EPA 8260B Grab 5 mg/Kg 0.1 25 μg/L 1

Tetrachloroethene EPA 8260B Grab 5 mg/Kg 0.1 25 μg/L 1Toluene EPA 8260B Grab 5 mg/Kg 0.1 25 μg/L 1 6 µg/m3 1.9

1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene EPA 8260B Grab 5 mg/Kg 0.1 25 μg/L 11,2,4-Trichlorobenzene EPA 8260B Grab 5 mg/Kg 0.1 25 μg/L 11,1,1-Trichloroethane EPA 8260B Grab 5 mg/Kg 0.1 25 μg/L 11,1,2-Trichloroethane EPA 8260B Grab 5 mg/Kg 0.1 25 μg/L 1

Trichloroethene EPA 8260B Grab 5 mg/Kg 0.1 25 μg/L 1Trichlorofluoromethane EPA 8260B Grab 5 mg/Kg 0.1 25 μg/L 11,2,3-Trichloropropane EPA 8260B Grab 5 mg/Kg 0.1 25 μg/L 11,2,4-Trimethylbenzene EPA 8260B Grab 5 mg/Kg 0.1 25 μg/L 1 6 µg/m3 2.51,3,5-Trimethylbenzene EPA 8260B Grab 5 mg/Kg 0.1 25 μg/L 1 6 µg/m3 2.5

Vinyl chloride EPA 8260B Grab 5 mg/Kg 0.1 25 μg/L 1m,p-Xylene EPA 8260B Grab 5 mg/Kg 0.2 25 μg/L 2 6 µg/m3 2.2

o-Xylene EPA 8260B Grab 5 mg/Kg 0.1 25 μg/L 1 6 µg/m3 2.2

Notes:1. mg/Kg = Milligrams per kilogram.2. μg/Kg = Micrograms per kilogram.3. μg/m3 = Micrograms per cubic meter.* Detection Limit Goal represented by Low-Level analysis since Standard analysis Method Reporting Limit (MRL) exceeds risk-based concentration (RBC) for inhalation.


Page 2 of 2

Table B-3 - Quality Assurance SamplesFormer Hall Boulevard Texaco, DEQ Task Order No. 57-08-12Beaverton, Oregon

Vapor Duplicate TPHg 0VOCs 0

Water Duplicate TPHg 2Field Blank TPHg 2

Water Duplicate VOCs 2Field Blank VOCs 2

Notes:1. TPHg = Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon Analyses for either Gasoline Range depending on primary sample analysis.2. VOCs = Volatile Organic Compounds.

QA SampleMatrix

QA SampleType

AnalysesRequested



Page 1 of 1

Ash Creek Associates, Inc. SOPs

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE SOP Number: 2.1 Date: August 27, 2007 STANDARD FIELD SCREENING PROCEDURES Revision Number: 0 Page: 1 of 1 1. PURPOSE AND SCOPE

This Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) provides instructions for standard field screening. Field screening results are used to aid in the selection of soil samples for chemical analysis. This procedure is applicable during all Ash Creek Associates (ACA) soil sampling operations.

Standard field screening techniques include the use of a photoionization detector (PID) to assess for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and for the presence of petroleum hydrocarbons using a sheen test. These instruments will not detect all potential contaminants, so selection of screening techniques shall be based on an understanding of the site history. The PID is not compound or concentration-specific, but it can provide a qualitative indication of the presence of VOCs. PID measurements are affected by other field parameters such as temperature and soil moisture.

2. EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS

The following materials are necessary for this procedure:

• PID with calibration gas • Glass jars (with aluminum foil) or resealable bags

3. METHODOLOGY

Each soil sample will be field screened for VOCs using a PID (with a 10.2 eV probe) and for the presence of petroleum hydrocarbons using a sheen test. The PID used on site will be calibrated on a daily basis according to the manufacturer’s specifications. The PID is also used as a safety tool. The PID can be used to monitor air during activities where vapors may be present in the breathing space. Document all calibration activities and field observations per SOP 1.1. The field screening procedures are summarized below.

PID Calibration Procedure:

• Zero the PID using ambient air from the general area where the work will be done. • A standard gas of 100 ppm isobutylene gas is then used to calibrate the PID. If questionable readings

are encountered, the PID will be recalibrated using new 100 ppm isobutylene gas.

PID Screening Procedure:

• Place a representative portion (approximately one ounce) of freshly exposed, uncompacted soil into a clean resealable plastic bag or glass jar.

• Seal the bag or jar (with aluminum foil) and shake to expose vapors from the soil matrix. • Allow the bag to sit to reach ambient temperature. • Carefully insert the intake port of the PID into the plastic bag or jar. • Record the sample concentration in the field notes.

Sheen Test Procedure:

• Following the PID screen, add enough water to the bag/jar to cover the sample. • Observe the water surface for signs of discoloration/sheen and characterize.

No Sheen (NS) No visible sheen on the water surface Slight Sheen (SS) Light, colorless, dull sheen, irregular spread, not rapid. Biological content

may produce a slight sheen (typically platy/blocky). Moderate Sheen (MS) Light to heavy coverage, may have some color/iridescence, spread is

irregular to flowing, may be rapid, few remaining areas of no sheen on water surface.

Heavy Sheen (HS) Heavy sheen coverage with color/iridescence, spread is rapid, entire water surface may be covered with sheen.

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE SOP Number: 2.13 Date: August 13, 2008 PREPACKED MONITORING WELL INSTALLATION PROCEDURES Revision Number: 0 Page: 1 of 1 1. PURPOSE AND SCOPE

This Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) describes the methods for installing monitoring wells with prepacked screens. A pre-packed well screen generally consists of an inner PVC well screen and an outer stainless steel wire mesh. The sand filter pack is housed between the inner screen and outer wire mesh. Prepacked screens are typically installed using push probe drilling techniques to save time and cost. This procedure is applicable during all Ash Creek Associates (ACA) drilling activities where prepacked screens will be used to construct monitoring wells.



• Field documentation materials • Personal protective equipment (as required by project Health and Safety Plan)

3. METHODOLOGY

The soil boring for the monitoring well will be completed in accordance with SOP-2.4.

Installation/Construction of Monitoring Well:

Filter Pack. Wells will be constructed of flush-threaded Schedule 40 PVC casing connected to a pre-packed well screen of the desired length (5 foot sections), placed at the bottom of the boring. A clean silica sand pack will be placed between the boring wall and the PVC screen/riser (i.e., the annulus) from the bottom of the well to approximately one to two feet above the screened interval. Prior to installation of the seal, the well will be surged using a surge block or similar technique. The depth to sand will be measured prior to setting the bentonite seal.

Seal. A bentonite seal, 1 to 2 feet thick, will be placed above the sand. The bentonite will be hydrated and allowed to sit for a minimum of 30 minutes for proper hydration and sealing. The depth to the top of the seal will be measured prior to placing grout. In Washington State and some California counties, the bentonite seal may be placed to within 1 foot of the ground surface in place of grout (per local/state regulations).

Grout. A cement-bentonite slurry will be placed above the bentonite seal following proper hydration. The cement-bentonite slurry will be placed to within 1 foot of the ground surface.

Surface Seal. A concrete surface seal will secure a flush-mounted, traffic-rated monument, or a bollard protected stove-pipe stickup. A locking cap and lock will secure the wellhead, and tamper-resistant bolts (either pentagonal or Allen wrench) will secure a monument cover if a flush-mounted monument is used for surface completion. Flush-mounted surface completions will be completed slightly above grade to prevent the ponding of water in, and around, the monument. All monuments will be permanently marked with well identification numbers.

Documentation: The field geologist will document the well construction activities. Details to be noted include the following:

• Length of well components; • Measurements of bentonite, sand, and concrete depths; • Types, brands, and amounts of materials used; • Documentation of decontamination; and • Any deviation from standard procedures or problems during the installation activities.

The drilling contractor will be responsible for conforming to all applicable regulations pertaining to well construction.

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE SOP Number: 2.14 Date: August 13, 2008 MONITORING WELL DEVELOPMENT PROCEDURES Revision Number: 0 Page: 1 of 2 1. PURPOSE AND SCOPE

This Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) describes the methods for developing monitoring wells following construction, however, this procedure is also applicable for the redevelopment of existing monitoring wells. Monitoring wells will be allowed to sit for a minimum of 12 hours after final completion before initiating the well development process. Wells will not be sampled for at least 24 hours following well development. This procedure is applicable during all Ash Creek Associates (ACA) well development activities.



• Field documentation materials • High flow centrifugal down-hole pump (>5 gallons per minute), bailer and/or surge block • Multi-parameter meter (temperature, pH, and conductivity) • Decontamination materials • Drums and/or high-capacity tank for storage of purged water • Personal protective equipment (as required by project Health and Safety Plan)

3. METHODOLOGY

Well Purging:

Setup. The will be set up in a manner such that the volume of water generated can be easily determined and field parameters can be collected. The development activities will be completed to maximize the removal of sediment from the well casing. The depth to water and total depth of the well will be measured prior to development and the casing volume will be calculated. Surge Block Procedure. A surge block effectively develops most monitoring wells. The surge block forces water within the well through the well screen and out into the formation, and then pulls water back through the screen into the well along with fine soil particles. A slow initial surging, using plunger strokes of approximately 3 feet, will allow material that is blocking the screen to separate and become suspended. After 5 to 10 plunger strokes, remove the surge block and purge the well using a pump or bailer. Repeat the process and slowly increase the depth of surging to the bottom of the well screen. Continue this cycle of surging and purging until the water yielded by the well is free of visible suspended material. Bailer Method. Bailers are not the preferred method of development but may be used in combination with a surge block to remove silt-laden water from the well. Lower the bailer into the screened interval of the monitoring well. Silt, if present, will generally accumulate within the lower portions of the well screen. The bailer may be raised and lowered repeatedly in the screened interval to further simulate the action of a surge block and pull silt through the well screen. Continue surging/bailing the well until the water removed is free of visible suspended material. If moderate to heavy siltation is still present, the surge block procedure should be repeated followed by additional bailing. Down-Hole Pump Method. Well development using only a pump is most effective in monitoring wells that will yield water continuously. Effective development cannot be accomplished if the pump has to be shut off to allow the well to recharge. Set the intake of the pump in the center of the screened interval of the monitoring well. Pump a minimum of three well volumes of water from the well and raise and lower the pump line through the screened interval to remove silt laden water. Continue pumping water from the well until the water removed is free of visible suspended material. This method may be combined with the manual surge block method if well yield is not rapid enough to extract silt from the surrounding formations.

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE SOP Number: 2.14 Date: August 13, 2008 MONITORING WELL DEVELOPMENT PROCEDURES Revision Number: 0 Page: 2 of 2

Measurement of Field Parameters:

Field parameters (temperature, pH, and conductivity) will be measured for each volume. After the removal of eight casing volumes, field parameters will be monitored for stability. Field parameters will be considered stable if temperature, pH, and conductivity are within 10% for three consecutive casing volumes. The well will be considered developed after field parameters have stabilized (minimum of 10 casing volumes), and sediment is no longer visible in the purged water. Wells will also be considered developed if the well is pumped dry during the development process. Consult the project-specific SAP for additional parameters and stabilization criteria. Purge water will be placed in Department of Transportation (DOT) approved drums or high-capacity tank.

Groundwater Sampling: No samples will be collected from the well for 24 hours after development.

Documentation: The field geologist will document the well development activities. Details to be noted include the following:

• Depths to water; • Total depth of the well; • Purging type and rate; and, • Total volume of water purged.

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE SOP Number: 2.4 Date: January 17, 2008 PUSH-PROBE EXPLORATION PROCEDURES Revision Number: 0.01 Page: 1 of 2 1. PURPOSE AND SCOPE

This Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) describes the methods for observing and sampling from push-probes (i.e., GeoProbe™). Subsurface soil cores may be obtained using this system for purposes of determining subsurface soil conditions and for obtaining soil samples for physical and/or chemical evaluation. Grab groundwater samples may be collected using temporary well screens. Soil vapor samples may be obtained using temporary well points. Shallow (less than 50 feet), small-diameter (2-inch max) pre-packed wells may also be installed using push-probe equipment. This procedure is applicable during all Ash Creek Associates (ACA) push-probe activities.



• Traffic cones, measuring tape, spatula, and buckets/drums • Sampling equipment (water level probe, pumps, tubing) and laboratory-supplied sample containers • Field documentation materials • Decontamination materials • Personal protective equipment (as required by project Health and Safety Plan)

3. METHODOLOGY

Coring Procedure (Conducted by Drilling Subcontractor):

The sampling procedure includes driving a 2-inch outside-diameter, 5-foot-long, push-probe soil sampler to the desired depth using a combination of hydraulic pressure and mechanical hammer blows. When the sampling depth is reached, the pin attaching the sampler's tip is released (if a tip is used), which allows the tip to slide inside the sampler (Macro-Core Sampler with removable plastic liner). The sampler is driven the length of the sampler to collect a soil core, which is then withdrawn from the exploration. When the sampler is retrieved from the borehole the drive head/cutting shoe is detached and the liner is removed. Soil cores are collected continuously to the full depth of the exploration unless otherwise specified in a project-specific sampling and analysis plan (SAP). Verify that the subcontractor decontaminates the sampling device (per SOP 1.2) prior to its initial use and following collection of each soil sample.

Logging and Soil Sample Collection:

Remove the soil core from the sampler for field screening, description, and placement into sample jars. Soil samples will be collected for field screening and possible chemical analysis on two foot intervals unless otherwise specified in a project-specific SAP. The sampling interval will be determined in the field based on recovery, soil variability, and evidence of contamination. Complete field screening as specified in SOP-2.1. Soil samples should be collected using different procedures for volatile on non-volatile analyses, as follows.

• Volatile Analyses. Sampling for volatile organics analysis (VOA) is different than other routine physical or chemical testing because of the potential loss of volatiles during sampling. To limit volatile loss, the soil sample must be obtained as quickly and as directly as possible. If a VOA sample is to collected as part of a multiple analyte sample, the VOA sample portion will be obtained first. The VOA sample should be obtained from a discrete portion of the entire collected sample and should not be composited or homogenized. Sample bottles should be filled to capacity, with no headspace. Specific procedures for collecting VOA samples using the EPA Method 5035 are discussed in SOP 2.7.

• Other Analyses. Soil samples for non-volatile analyses will be thoroughly homogenized in a stainless steel bowl prior to bottling. Sample homogenizing is accomplished by manually mixing the entire soil

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE SOP Number: 2.4 Date: January 17, 2008 PUSH-PROBE EXPLORATION PROCEDURES Revision Number: 0.01 Page: 2 of 2

sample in the stainless steel bowl with a clean sampling tool until a uniform mixture is achieved. The sample jar should be filled completely.

Any extra soil generated during probing activities will be placed in Department of Transportation (DOT) approved drums.

Grab Groundwater Sample Collection:

Collect grab groundwater samples using a sampling attachment with a 4 to 5-foot-long temporary screen (decontaminated stainless steel or disposable PVC). Obtain samples using a peristaltic pump with new tubing for each boring. Record field parameters (e.g., temperature, conductivity, and pH) prior to sampling.

Backfilling the Excavation (Conducted by Drilling Subcontractor):

After sampling activities are completed, abandon each exploration in accordance with Oregon Water Resources Department (OWRD) regulations and procedures. The abandonment procedure typically consists of filling the exploration with granular bentonite and hydrating the bentonite with water. Match the surface completion to the surrounding materials.

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE SOP Number: 2.6 Date: March 17, 2008 SOIL VAPOR SAMPLING PROCEDURES Revision Number: 1.01 Page: 1 of 2 1. PURPOSE AND SCOPE

This Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) describes the methods for collecting soil vapor samples. Samples for soil gas are collected with temporary or permanent purpose-specific sampling equipment installed to the desired depth in vadose soil. The samples are generally obtained using these procedures for the purpose of determining concentrations of chemicals by laboratory analysis. This procedure is applicable to all Ash Creek Associates (ACA) soil vapor sampling activities. This SOP was developed using the following resources:

• American Petroleum Institute (API), Collecting and Interpreting Soil Gas Samples for the

Vadose Zone, Publication Number 4741, November 2005 • USEPA, OSWER Draft Guidance for Evaluating the Vapor Intrusion to Indoor Pathway from

Groundwater and Soils, EPA530-D-02-004, November 2002 • Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Indoor Air Sampling and Evaluation Guide, WSC Policy

#02-430, Office of Research and Standards, Department of Environmental Protection, April, 2002



• Traffic cones, measuring tape, Teflon tape, wrenches, and buckets/drums • Sampling equipment (vapor sampling assembly with gauges and valves) and laboratory-supplied sample

containers and flow controllers (20-minute for grab samples, as specified for time-weighted samples) • Leak detection equipment (helium canister, helium detector, vacuum pump) • Field documentation materials • Decontamination materials • Personal protective equipment (as required by project Health and Safety Plan)

3. METHODOLOGY

For soil gas sampling, follow steps (a) through (e). (a) Probe Installation Procedure – Soil Gas Only (Conducted by Drilling Subcontractor):

The installation of a permanent or temporary vapor probe is completed with direct-push equipment in accordance with the procedures described in SOP 2.4. The 12-inch probe screen is driven to the desired depth (either temporary sampling point or pre-packed permanent installation). When the sampling depth is reached, the vapor screen is released while the outer casing or probe rod is retracted (exposing the screen length). For temporary installations, the upper 3 to 6 inches of the embedded probe rod is sealed from the atmosphere using a hydrated bentonite slurry.

(b) Assembly and Attachment of Sampling Equipment:

The sampling valve assembly is attached to the sample container (e.g., Summa canister) and flow controller. All valves are kept closed. The valve assembly is connected to the vapor monitoring point using flexible tubing (sealed with compression fittings at both ends). All threaded fittings are to be wrapped in Teflon tape prior to connection.

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE SOP Number: 2.6 Date: March 17, 2008 SOIL VAPOR SAMPLING PROCEDURES Revision Number: 1.01 Page: 2 of 2

(c) Leak Detection:

The bypass “T” on the sampling valve assembly is opened and connected to the vacuum pump, the exhaust of which is connected to the helium detector. With the vacuum pump running (purging the sampling assembly and the vapor probe), helium is released at each fitting and at the probe seal to identify leaks (noted by detections on the helium detector). If detections are noted, the fittings will be tightened/sealed as appropriate until helium is not detected.

(d) Sample Collection: Purge the sampling assembly using the vacuum pump operating in the bypass mode until approximately two probe/assembly volumes are purged (including the volume passed during the leak detection process if leaks are not detected), after which the vapor sample can be collected. The bypass “T” on the sampling valve assembly is closed first and the vacuum pump is shut off. The valve on the sample container is then opened (verifying that the control valve on the sampling assembly is closed), so that the initial container pressure can be measured and recorded. The control valve can then be slowly opened to allow collection of the sample. Return to the sampler prior to the programmed sample duration so that some vacuum remains in the container (a vacuum of between 0.5 and 1 inches of water). The sample container valve is then closed, the sampling assembly is disconnected, and the sampling container is processed for shipment to the analytical laboratory. Disconnect the sampling apparatus from the vapor point, reopen the bypass “T” and operate the vacuum pump for a period of five minutes to purge sample air from the assembly.

(e) Data Recording:

Record the following: • In a field log notebook or sampling event form, record project name, sample date, sampling

location, canister serial number, initial vacuum reading, final pressure reading, and sampling time.

• Current weather conditions (temperature, barometric pressure, humidity, sunny/cloudy, wind). • Date and amount of most recent prior rainfall. • Maintain records of all field procedures, including any leak testing, purging, and sampling for

each sampling location.

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE SOP Number: 2.8 Date: March 17, 2008 AMBIENT VAPOR SAMPLING PROCEDURES Revision Number: 0.01 Page: 1 of 2 1. PURPOSE AND SCOPE

This Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) describes the methods for collecting ambient air vapor samples. Samples from ambient air are collected with laboratory-supplied canisters with flow control valves. The samples are generally obtained using these procedures for the purpose of determining concentrations of chemicals by laboratory analysis. This procedure is applicable to all Ash Creek Associates (ACA) ambient air vapor sampling activities. This SOP was developed using the following resources:

• American Petroleum Institute (API), Collecting and Interpreting Soil Gas Samples for the

Vadose Zone, Publication Number 4741, November 2005 • USEPA, OSWER Draft Guidance for Evaluating the Vapor Intrusion to Indoor Pathway from

Groundwater and Soils, EPA530-D-02-004, November 2002 • Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Indoor Air Sampling and Evaluation Guide, WSC Policy

#02-430, Office of Research and Standards, Department of Environmental Protection, April, 2002



• Laboratory-supplied sample containers and flow controllers (20-minute for grab samples, as specified for time-weighted samples)

• Barricades and straps for outdoor sample placement • Field documentation materials

3. METHODOLOGY

For ambient vapor sampling, follow steps (a) through (d). (a) Eliminate or Identify Confounding Sources:

Prior to sampling, potential sources of target or interfering compounds should be identified and removed if possible. The specific methods for this task are site specific and should be developed in the work plan using the resources listed above in Section 1.

(b) Place Sample Canister:

Place the sample canister at the location identified by the work plan. In general, the canister should be placed in the lowest occupied level at a height of 2 to 5 feet above the floor or ground. Canisters should be protected from disturbance during the sampling period.

(c) Sample Collection:

Record the initial container pressure (initial vacuum should be approximately 30 inches of Hg). Slowly open the control valve to allow collection of the sample. Return to the sampler prior to the programmed sample duration so that some vacuum remains in the container (the target finishing vacuum is between 0.5 and 1 inches of water). Close the sample container valve and process the sampling container for shipment to the analytical laboratory.

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE SOP Number: 2.8 Date: March 17, 2008 AMBIENT VAPOR SAMPLING PROCEDURES Revision Number: 0.01 Page: 2 of 2

(d) Data Recording:

Record the following:

• In a field log notebook or sampling event form, record project name, sample date, sampling location, canister serial number, initial vacuum reading, final pressure reading, and sampling time.

• Current weather conditions (temperature, barometric pressure, humidity, sunny/cloudy, wind). • Maintain records of all field procedures, including any leak testing, purging, and sampling for

each sampling location.