Folded SUSYhep-ph/0609152

idea

Harnik

opposite spin partnersbut gauge quantum numbersmay be different from thoseof conventional superpartners

leads to the idea of quirks: exotic vector-like fermions with a hidden-confining group.M >> . Analogous to QCD with no light quarks

Hidden valleys

neutralunder

SM group

energeticbarrier

LSsP

v-quark

LSvP

A motivation to lookfor highly displaced

verticesor a large number ofordinary displaced

vertices (b, )

v-hadrons

0604261

if strong charge R-hadron

time-of-flight ~ 1 ns

resolutionin det.

nuclear interaction model assuming the heavy parton acts as a spectatorpossible charge exchanges

low

CMS:stablegluino

30 pb–1

ATLAS: gluino up to 1 TeV with 100 pb–1

or ionisation in Si trackeror ATLAS TRT

?SHAFT

CMS

Lecture 3

ED

Little Higgs

Strong coupling

sampling among a huge number of studiesmany require luminosities well above 10fb–1

back to a model-independant approach

Extradimensionsthe possibility of compact ED is an old idea, resurrected by SUGRA and Superstrings

it was then realized that the compactification radius can be large ( » 1/MPlanck) or that one can exploit a warped extra space. Thatwould solve (or reinterpret) the hierarchy problem

many possible variants

phenomenology: momentum in ED means mass in 4D. KK-towers of theparticles having access to the bulk

may be accessible at colliders

1 fermi =1/200 MeV

ADD TeV–1 UED RS1 Bulk RS flat warpedMD= 1TeV =2 ~10–4 fermi R–1<300 GeV warp factor e–kR 410–4 eV 100 1/k: curvature radius R: compactification radius kR ~ 11

only gravity e.g. gauge all SM SM on all in bulk in bulk bosons in bulk in bulk brane

KK-parity

pair creation ew at loop level DM candidate

[mUED]

gravity weakbecause localized

near a brane which is not ours

gravity weakbecause dilutedin the extra dim

(R>>MD-1)

KK graviton-SM coupling ~1/MPl

KK tower nearlycontinuous ~ 2/R

KK graviton

KK gluonKK of SM

gauge bosons,..

KK of SM gauge bosons

Many possible signatures

Di-leptons, di-jets continuum modifications

Di-leptons, di-jets and di-photonsresonance states

Single jet/single photon + Etmiss

Single lepton + Etmiss

Back-to-back energetic jets + Etmiss

4 jets + 4 leptons + Etmiss

Black holes? Strong gravity?

virtual graviton production inADDblack holes or strong gravitynew particles in RS1 (RS1 graviton) and in TeV–1 extra dimension model (ZKK)

direct graviton productionin ADD

WKK decay in TeV–1 extra dim

UED

UED

ADD notations

cosmo- and astro-physics bounds (see backup):at least n = 2, 3 are more severely constrained than by LEP/Tevatron

but these bounds disappear if there is no KK graviton lighter than about 100 MeV. Collider experiments mostly probe the heavy graviton modes.

MS

direct production of graviton

single gamma monojet

signatures

Single + ETmiss

CMS fight mostly Z

30fb–1

MD=2.5TeV n = 2

30fb–1S

B

significance versus MD

Z

100 fb-1

ATLAS

jet < 3

Kribs

unparticles

SM

ADDmonojets

Rizzo

signal and background for large ED in ADD, monojet channel

n=2

n=4

ADD

Graviton exchange

ATLAS

Mmin: lower cut-offon the di-photon mass

diphotondimuon

1fb–1 n=6 ~ 4 TeV n=3 ~ 5.8 TeV

CMS

MS: theory scale

TeV-1

flat 10–4 fermi gauge bosons in the bulk

CMS ee

5 discoveryCMS e

ATLAS

KK Z and W boson

saturation of electronics

4 TeV 6 TeV

UED

all matter fields in the bulk

R ~ TeV–1

Basic scheme

momentum conservation in ED KK number conservation pair production. A compactification scale of ~ 300 GeV satisfies electroweak constraints

at tree level, all first excitations degenerate in mass at 1/R (+ Higgs effect) pair production as S

2 (+ kinematics) if degeneracies, stable or long lived states

loop corrections lift the degeneracy radiative corrections imply a cut-off scale To avoid unitarity violation, R not too large: R =20 ? then model-dependent spectrum.

much like Rp SUSY, except spins, existence of a 2nd excitation, etc

0510418

KK pairs at LHC

total

one-loop corrected, 1/R=500 GeV, R=20, mh=120 GeV

model-dependent spectrum typically: g* + 30% q* + 20% W* Z* l* * + few % LKP is *, close to 1/R

chain decay to LKP not very hard products focus on leptons

four leptons + ETmiss from one UED Les Houches 07

DM limits: 0206071inverse problem? study dilepton spectrummore than one UED?

M.Gigg and P.Ribeiro

Fat brane variant

all ED large (cf ADD), but matter confined to 1/M of 4D brane (fat brane)

momentum conservation in 5D does not hold extra momentum associated to graviton emission picked up by the brane KK number conservation does not hold anymore

Gravity-matter interaction: gravity-mediated decay can compete or dominate

phenomenology: single KK excitations

0510418

2 4

6

E of graviton radiated

1 TeV

Di-jet + missing ET

2

6

Di-photon + missing ET reach for 20 and 100 evts

26

UED

WARPED ED AdS/CFT correspondance

General idea

Randall-Sundrum 1: all SM on the branephenomenology: KK graviton, radion

problems

Bulk Randall-Sundrum: all SM in the bulkKK recurrences of SM electroweak constraintspromises and problems

slice of a 5-dim anti-de Sitter space, AdS5 5D cosmological constant , 5D Planck scale Mmetric ds2 = e–2ky dx dx – dy2

y is the coordinate of the 5th dimension k is the curvature of AdS = sqrt(–) the extra dimension has the geometry of the orbifold S1/Z2 i.e. segment of length L M ~ k ~ MPl if kL ~ 30, e–2kL MPl ~ 1 TeV L is not a large ED, inverse size ~ GUT scale

L

parameters: k M Llow energy effective theory:k, 1/L << M c = k/M < 0.1KK gravitons mass split ~ 1 TeVdecay in dileptons, dibosons(BR to = 2 BR to ll), dijetsmaller c narrower resonance

RS1

10fb-1100fb-1

excluded: above, left

no new scalebetween ew and 10 TeV

Z’ graviton

cos

c

c

c

10fb–1

radion

Scalar field corresponding to an overall dilatation of the EDIts value controls the size of the EDPerhaps the lightest BSM particle in this scenario

Coupling near the weak scale

Similar, but not identical, to the Higgs boson. Gluophilic.

Can mix with the Higgs

see back up

Bulk Randall-Sundrum

Bulk RS models

good features

bad features

main targets: lightest KK partner of graviton gluon * electroweak bosons top *

experimental problem of boosted top

should one invent the Little RS?

elementary composite

c = 0.5 flat fermionc > 0.5 closer to Planck

ex. fermions: e(0.5-c)ky

KK graviton

is the hope in RS1

in bulk RS, light quarks near UV brane, tR very near the TeV brane. The KK graviton is also localized near the TeV brane.

due to overlap of the wave functions in the ED expect: a (small) production through gluon annihilation decay into H, W, Z, top and other KK states

see back up beware: 100fb-1, perfect top tagging

a glimpse at KK gluon

B.Lillie, L.Randall, L.T.Wang 0701166G.Perez, MC4BSM

K.Agashe et al 0701166

mind: 100fb-1, perfect top tagging!

no more early BSM!

/M=0.17

100fb-1

pb/GeV100 fb

Identification of narrow energetic top

needed for many physics channels

not for the early days, but learn how to do

focus on hadronic top

decay products highly collimated

S/B before b-tag ~ 1/165one b-tag not enough

study substructure of top and QCD jet

KK gauge bosons 0706.4191

see back up

RS with L-R structure specific charges of the new abelian group and specific fermion localizations, to solve AFB

b anomaly

mKK of 3 TeV

complete study of DY, gg fusion, associated production at LHC

Gauge-Higgs or Higgs as Goldstone boson in warped space

partners of top

Higgs phenomenology?

0712.0095

0801.1679 *

T5/3

the “custodian”

Strong dynamics realized by the bulk of an extra dimension. custodial symmetry GC=SU(2)C include a LR parity GC=SU(2)C PLR

The heavy partners ot (tL,bL) can fill a (2,2)2/3 representation. Two SU(2)L doublets. One (T,B) has the quantum numbers of (tL,bL). The other (“custodian”) is made of T5/3 and T2/3

These new fermions are expected to couple strongly to the 3rd generation quark plus a longitudinal W, Z or the Higgs (e.g. tW)

Pair produced by QCD. Single production and decay from the above couplings. Here pair production of B and T5/3 and final state involving same-sign dileptons

0801.1679

four W

Contino, Servant

1pb

theoristanalysis

earlyphysics?

Transplanckian

May be early physics. But what to look for?

0708.3017TeV gravity?

xmin ? thermality semiclassical approx. applicable inelasticity: initial state radiation

fb

MD

ADD n=6

RS

xmin

=1 to 6

limited entropy

0.1fb

MD

RS

ADD

2

≥6

consider two-bodyfinal statecf. compositeness search

Unparticleswhy here? conjecture

mass spectrum continuous or all masses equal to zeroscale invariance manifestly broken at tree level in SM

dilatation generator D

an operator with general non-integral scale dimension dU in a scale invariant sector looks like dU invisible massless particles

?

0706.3152

Drell-Yan at Tevatron

Limits from LEP

monojets at LHC

others:Higgs,WW?

Little Higgs

THE LITTLE HIGGS MODEL

solves the “small hierarchy problem”ensure compensations between particles of the same type

must invent a number of new particles in the TeV mass range

Littlest Higgs

hep-ph/0206021hep-ph/0512128

break global symmetry by gauging

gauged generators

non-linear -model, in terms of

pion matrixsubgroup of SU(5)

f ~ 1 TeVglobal

vacuumcondensate

24 –10 = 14 broken generators, and thus 14 NGB fields

top partners

the model 0512128, 0703138

more simply:

the “pion” matrix

14 NGB

absorbedby heavy B

physical,massless

hypercharges

Higgs

triplet

NORMAL LH (WITHOUT T)

heavy gauge bosons 0512128

T quark*

back up

Littlest Higgs, ATLASSearch for T

single dominates

No account of electroweak constraints

in Lt (generating the Yukawa coupling) two couplings 1 and 2

T Wb

BR=50%

T ht

BR=25%Zt pair, from l+l–l±b

0402037

1/2=1BR=25%

300 fb–1

1 TeV

but.... finetuning

T-parity

mh

=10TeV

(=cos’)

allows for a heavy Higgs

provides the LTP, heavy photon as a good candidate for DM

satisfies e.w. measurements

The Littlest T-parity Higgs (LHT)

see back up

f=1TeV

LHT SEARCHES

Doubly-charged Higgs*T-quarks, 0610156 (back up)T-odd gauge bosons, triplet Higgs, 0411264T-even and T-odd partners of top, 0301040, 0310039, 0411264

CMS,TDR

M.Muhlleitner, M.Spira hep-ph/0305288

100% in 4 muons

role of triplet inneutrino masses?, , ~ 1/3

fb

Hubisz,MeadeT-odd phenomenology at LHC

COMPHEP

f

1fb

fZHAHh WHAHW

++W+WH+

+ W+AH

0 ZAH

P HAH

WHZH

WHAH

Hubisz-Meade 0411264T-odd partner of top, t’– , lighter than t’+

mt’–

mt’– / mt’+

t’+ singly

produced, with jet

t’– tAH

pair t t + ETmiss

1fb

t’+

t’–

Pair production of heavy gauge bosons

Z invisible

10–2 pb

very difficult

about size of signal

too difficult

O(pb)

10–3 pb Z invisible

Prospects for LHT

10–4pb

10–6pb

T’– most interesting but

T’+ same as without T- parity except presence of T’–

LHC inverse problem

Hadronically quiet 3l in LHT

WHZH versus 010

2

with matched spectra

3l + ETmiss

clear excess in LHT more usable if sleptons are lighter than gauginos

300fb–1

0708.1912

SM backgroundmore study needed...

l, q

l=0.4 q =1.0

Technicolor

TECHNICOLOR

sensitive tothe number of fermions

resurrected from the deadsby “agnostism”?by AdS/CFT duality?

small T (1) respect custodial symmetry, implies RH resonancessmall S (3) degenerate V and A spectra, or no coupling ofheavy resonances to light fermions, VBF preferred

3

1

SU(N)technicolour

technifermion flavors

infrared below ETC

Low scale TC at LHC?

agnosticism?

K.Lane

aTT T

20fb–1 40fb–1

Walking TechnicolorBetter than “running”

Minimal Walking Technicolor Sannino, Foadi et al

small S

under study

HIGGSLESS

Birkedal-Matchev 0508185

saturation limit, only first V

i: KK level in 5D or label of mass eigenstates in 4D deconstructed

Sum rules

Higgsless

WW elastic scattering

10fb-1, test up to 550 GeV

WW probably impossible

Only VBF considered

WZ in 2J 3l ETmiss

WZ elastic scattering500 GeV MVB

production at LHC

Minimal Higgsless Model

Dimensional deconstruction, 3-sites, 5D SU(2)x SU(2)xU(1)Gauge + Goldstone sector has 5 parameters with 2 constraintsA single pair of W’ and Z’ heavy vector bosonsConsistant with all precision dataFermion sector theoretically important, with “ideal fermion delocalization”, buthighly suppressed SM fermions coupling to W’, Z? heavy fermions >1.8 TeV

Focus on W’ production

0711.1919Belyaev

3l jj 4l 2jets

arXiv:0708.2588

MT(WZ) 3l +

theorist’s analysis

100fb-1

integratedluminosityneeded

transverse mass

jacobian peaks

Higgsless, WZ channel

2 leptonchannel

jjll

3 leptonchannel 300 fb-1

lll

Les Houches 05, Azuelos

700 GeV resonance from a Higgsless model

+ 2 jetsforward

300fb–1

Back to agnostism

BSM

“peaks” will be relatively easy to find

shape modifications more difficult

level changes very difficult

the answer on a large part of what we reviewed is not to be expected fast

Pure guess: 2008 ≤ 10pb–1

2009 ~ 1 fb–1

2010 ~ 10 fb–1

important to come to LHC physics without any intellectual bias

on the other hand the scan of a large variety of possible models was essential and should go on ex. unparticles phenomenology

enormous work to get the detectors ready: “technical tasks”(alignment, calibration, energy scales) should be made as rewarding as physics analyses

besides considering physics topics, one should first focus on various promising final state topologies and master them

topologies

Les Houches 2007

0710.2378topological approach

Searches at HERAand Tevatron

From a signal to the identification of the relevant BSM scenario?

experimentally: “signature” of the signaln leptons (signs) + m photons + p jets + ....

theoretically:“typology” of the scenarioex. SUGRA0802.4085

or “simplified” version of new physicsex. MARMOSEThep-ph/0703088

characterization of the new physics in terms of new particle masses, production cross-sections and branching ratios, as a crucial intermediate step

efficiencies from data(redundancy)

e.g. soft leptons

high level trigger menu of CMS (2 1033)

name it, they have it or don’t they?

100Hz

tens of millions ofcosmic triggers taken

D.Acosta

extensive data challenges performed

GLIMPSE AT LHC PHYSICS

1/ re-discover the SM 2/ establish the existence of signals BSM, if any3/ find out what they are: the LHC “inverse problem”

Heavy ions,presto

Heavy ionsSPS: strangeness enhancement, J/ suppression.RHIC: increase in elliptic flow, high–Pt particle suppressionLHC offers much higher E. Matter in QGP phase will be hotter, bigger, longer-lived. Much smaller x involved: RHIC forward region (showing SF saturation) will move to mid-rapidity at LHC. Much harder processes accessible.Experimentally 3 orders of magnitude lower rates, up to 3 orders of magnitude higher particle densities.Jet quenching: hard parton loss of energy due to gluon bremss. But actually medium-induced redistribution of the jet energy inside the jet cone, i.e. calorimetric measurement unsufficient, one needs to see the modification of jet characteristics, requiring track reconstruction and identification down to low momenta, etc.Heavy flavour production: suppression pattern of quarkonia , . One must measure open heavy flavour production as normalization. So cover low Pt region, low decay background, IP resol., particle id.

ALICE

-6

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

90o 180o 270o 360o

Rapidity

Azimuth

FMD -5.4 < < -1.6

PMD -2.3 < < -3.5

FMD 1.6 < < 3

Muon arm 2.4 < < 4

ITS+TPC+TRD+TOF: -0.9 < < 0.9

ITS multiplicity -2 < < 2

HMPID -.45 < < 0.45

Δφ = 57ο

PHOS -.12 < < 0.12

Δφ = 100ο-6

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

90o 180o 270o 360o

Rapidity

Azimuth

FMD -5.4 < < -1.6

PMD -2.3 < < -3.5

FMD 1.6 < < 3

Muon arm 2.4 < < 4

ITS+TPC+TRD+TOF: -0.9 < < 0.9

ITS multiplicity -2 < < 2

HMPID -.45 < < 0.45

Δφ = 57ο

PHOS -.12 < < 0.12

Δφ = 100ο

TPC l, = 5m 6 105 el. channels i.e. 15 ALEPH 88 m3