folding
TRANSCRIPT
Cellular Switches and Neurodegenerative Diseases
Carolina Giraldo BenítezMedicine
3rd SemesterUPB
FOLDING
FOLDING
INTRODUCTION
• Is very important to know how is the general function of G protein to understand what is the importance of the discovery that told us in the new.
• G protein is a switch protein and it does the hydrolysis of GTP using a GTPase to the transport through the membrane.
• The proteins form complexes to many functions, and is necessary know what is the mechanism of each complex, but some complexes have similar mechanisms, this make easier the study of that.
CELLULAR SWITCHES: FROM THE RNA WORLD TO THE 'MODERN'
PROTEIN WORLDScience Daily (Feb. 9, 2012)
• The study was realized in the flagellum of bacteria.
• Flagellum is an organelle which allows movement of the bacterium.
• It is necessary to reach to environmental changes and to go to site of infection.
CELLULAR SWITCHES: FROM THE RNA WORLD TO THE 'MODERN'
PROTEIN WORLD
• The G protein FIhF is a group of G proteins.
• This group determines the position of new bacteria´s flagellum.
• The switch FIhF apparently did not need effectors.
• Effector is a stimulus to turn on the switch.
CELLULAR SWITCHES: FROM THE RNA WORLD TO THE 'MODERN'
PROTEIN WORLD
• In this study find one protein that works like effector of FIhF.
• Researchers described its mode of action .
• The mode of action was compared with the interacting of complex formed by protein SRP54 and this receptor (FtsY) with the SRP RNA.
CELLULAR SWITCHES: FROM THE RNA WORLD TO THE 'MODERN'
PROTEIN WORLD
• FIhF shows how the RNA world has been changed for the “modern” protein world. It was possible with a simple modification.
CELLULAR SWITCHES: FROM THE RNA WORLD TO THE 'MODERN'
PROTEIN WORLD
Personal Comment
I think this is an important discover because if we know how is the operation of simple organism will be easier to know how is the function of ourselves, but is necessary to promote the investigation because, today, are lots of things that we ignore and possibly are the answer to many questions that we still have.
Neurodegenerative Diseases: Ring-Like Structure Found in 'Elongator' Protein Complex
Science Daily (Feb. 20, 2012)
• Proteic complex called elongator has a structure ring-like
• Has been published a 3D structure of this complex. It gives tracks about its role inside the cell and its function in neurodegenerative diseases.
Neurodegenerative Diseases: Ring-Like Structure Found in 'Elongator' Protein Complex
• Changes in the proteins of elongator have been involved with familial dysautonomia and childhood epilepsy.
Neurodegenerative Diseases: Ring-Like Structure Found in 'Elongator' Protein Complex
• Elongator is formed by 6 different proteins.
• The proteins do not work like just one trio, they form two identical trios to form a ring.
• Researches think that this complex work like helicases complex that have a ring formed by six copies to the same protein to join with DNA or RNA
Neurodegenerative Diseases: Ring-Like Structure Found in 'Elongator' Protein Complex
• Just RNAt joins to the elongator ring.
• RNAt is left in this place while the function of it is complete.
• When it has finished ATP joins with the ring and it liberate the RNAt and everything starts again.
Neurodegenerative Diseases: Ring-Like Structure Found in 'Elongator' Protein Complex
Personal Comment
In this case we can see the importance of each step in the formation of proteins, but being so important we can see the complex of a process like translation.
Medical Utility
• Is necessary to know the mechanism of molecular switches to understand the mechanism of lots of molecular diseases and make possible to find a cure or treatment.
Medical Utility
• This discovery is so useful, because it can help us to create an antibiotic that acts on effector of G protein FIhF inhibiting the correct implantation of the new bacteria’s flagellum. If it happens the bacteria can not go to the site of infecting and it can not survive to environmental conditions.
Medical Utility
• The discover of the mode of action of the ring complex is an important step about what happen, exactly, in neurodegenerative diseases.
• This is a small step in the search for effective treatments for neurodegenerative diseases, because most of we have today do not reverse or stop the disease, they only make a control of it.
Medical Utility
• Most important to cure the diseases is prevent it, so if we know why it happens we can know how to prevent it, especially when neurodegenerative diseases affects lots of people around the world. Old people is more affected by it.
References
• MARTINEZ SÁNCHEZ, Lina María. Biología molecular. 2. ed. Medellín: UPB. Fac. de Medicina
• Cellular Switches: From the RNA World to the 'Modern' Protein World. Science daily (February 9, 2012)
• Neurodegenerative Diseases: Ring-Like Structure Found in 'Elongator' Protein Complex. Science daily (February 20, 2012)
